
Glass_H3m. 
Book_Iia._ 




The People's 

TED ALMAN 




TEXAS HAND-BOOK 



IMMIGRANTS GUIDE, 
• For 1880, 

BEING AN INDEX TO TEXAS, HER PEOPLE, LAWS, STATE AND LOCAL 

GOVERNMENTS, SCHOOLS, CHURCHES, RAILROADS, AND OTHER 

IMPROVEMENTS AND INSTITUTIONS ; HER GEOGRAPHY AND 

IMMENSE EXTENT AS COMPARED WITH OTHER STATES ; 

HER CLIMATE, RESOURCES AND WONDERFUL 

CAPABILITIES ; BIOGRAPHIES OF EMINENT 

CITIZENS ; STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURAL 

AND MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS, 

OF ELECTIONS, STATE AND 

NATIONAL. • 

—WITH— 

CfWor^olo^idkl fli^toi^y of tl:\e gtkte foi' 1§Vq. 

—THE WHOLE- 
CONSTITUTING AN INDISPENSABLE HAND-BOOK FOR TEXANS AND 
THOSE WISHING INFORMATION CONCEQi*?ING THE STATE. 




BY REV. HOMER S. THRALL, A. M. 

AUTHOR OF 

*'A Pictorial History of Texas,'" ''School History of Texas.'' '•' Annals of 
Texas,'' '' History of Methodism in Texas," dec.., dcc^ 

St. Louis, Mo. : ^ 
N. D. THOMPSON & CO., Publis 
530, 523 and 524 Pine Street 







fentered according to Act of Congress, in the year iSSo, by 

N. D. THOMPSON & CO., 

In the Office of the Librarian of Congres«, at Washington, D. C. 



By transfer 
:UJ1 i907 



PUBLISHERS PREFACE. 



In this little work on Texas, the publishers believe that they 
present to the public a volume of much interest to those seeking infor- 
mation concerning the State every where, and to Texans a book of 
everyday value, both for its general information and as a book of 
reference. 

The long residence of the author in Texas, his recognized ability 
as an author, his well earned reputation for accuracy in historical and 
statistical writing, give evidence of the correctness and value of the 
facts here given. 

The book is not in the interest of any railroad, land, immigrant or 
other corporation, but is presented on the merit of its statement of 
facts concerning the various interests of a great and growing common- 
wealth. As such, it will meet with a just appreciation. 

It is the first of a series of annuals designed to appear at proper 
periods, and the effort shall be to constitute each number a true index 
to the State in her progress, history and diversified interests, such 
as will meet and merit the patronage of her people. 



INDEX. 



Page, 

Agricultural Products of the South, ----- 86 

Agricultural Products of Texas. (^See Productive Wealthy and 

Texas compared with other States. ) - - - - 25. 
American Colleges, -------- 85, 

Answer to Inquiries about Texas, by C. B. Stewart., - - - 5 '^ 
Appropriations for Harbors in the United States and Texas, 112 

Appropriations for Support of State Government. (^See Legisla- 
tive Proceedings.^ - - - - - - 15^' 

Appropriations for Schools. (^See School Syste?>i.) - - 71 

Army — Volunteers in Union, i86i-jS^^ . - - 105, 

Asylums — State, Blind, Deaf and Dumb, and Lunatic, - - 83 

Bandits' Raid in the Southwest, 1873, t03 

Baptists of Texas, by Dr. Crane. - - . - - - 79 

Bee Culture, --------.-57 

Biographies of Persons Recently Deceased — Bunton, John W. ; 

Hood, General John B. ; Schleicher, Hon. Gus- 

tave ; Stewart, William, . _ - - 130. 

Biogiaphies of Texas Congressmen — Maxey, S. B. ; Coke, 

Richard ; Reagan, John H. ; Culbertson, D. B. ; 

Wellborn, Olin ; Mills, R. Q. ; Jones, G. W. ; 

Upson, Columbus, - - - - - - 135 

Biographies of Justices of Supreme Court — Moore, George F. ; 

Gould, Robert S. ; Bonner, M. H., - - 170 

Biographies of Justices of the Court of Appeals — Ector, M. D. ; 

White, J. W\ ; Winkler, CM., - - - 171 
Biographies of Commissioners of Court of Errors — Walker, R. S. ; 

Walker, A. S. ; Quinan, George - - - 173 
Biographies— Mallon, B. ; Whitfield, J. W. - - - 185 

Books on Texas, from 1798-1879, ------ 38 

Bribery in Elections — Oath to Prevent, - - - - - 17 

Cattle Drives, 1878-1879, - - - - . - - 26 

Chronology of Leading Events in Texas History, from November 

ist, 1878, to November ist, 1879, 180 

Colleges, American, .-------85 

Colleges, Agricultural and Mechanical. (6'ee School System.) 77 
Congress — forty-sixth — Extra Session — Its Members and its 

Measures, 1 14-12 1 



Page. 

Constitution — State — Modifications of different ones, as they af- 
fect the Executive, the Legislative and the Juchcial 
Departments of the Government. — Provision for 
Special Legislation, _ . . - - i66 

Cotton Crop. (^See Productive Wealth.) - - - - - 27 

Cotton Worms — Remedy for, - - - - - - - 21 

Commerce — How Railways affect, ------ 69 

Churches — Baptist ; Methodist Episcopal ; M. E. Church, 
South; Presbyterian; Cumberland Presbyterian ; Ro- 
man Catholic, .------79 

Counties. (^ See jFuII Statistics of.) - - - - - 62 

Counties — Newly Organized and Unorganized ; Boundaries, De- 
scription, &c., -------86 

Courts, and Times of Holding; Judges, &c., of District; U. S. 

Districts in Texas, - - - - - - -no 

Court — Criminal, ._.-.--- 145 

Customs — U. S. Districts, Officers, Exports, Imports, &c., &c., 108 

Debts— Of the Southern States, loi 

Education — State System of Free Schools ; Modification of 
School Law; Statistics; A. and M. College; Nor- 
mal Schools, &c., ------ 71 

Election — State — Vote for Governor, 1878. (^See Statistics.) 63 
Election — Vote for President, 1S76, and in all the States at sub- 
sequent Elections, -------95 

Epidemics. {See Yellow Fever and ^iiarantine.) - - " ^9 
Examples of SuccessfulFarming in Texas, - - - - 60 

Executive Officers — Of Texas, - I35 

Farming in Texas, _..-_--- 47 

Finances — State and Debt, - - - - - - - 97 

Finances — ^National, and Debt, ------ 99 

Frontier Protection, -------- 103 

Fruits, &c. {See Pomology and Nurseries.) - - - " ^75 
Game in Texas, --------- xi 

Gardening — Kitchen, ------"■ 53 

Gardening — Market, __.----- 53 

Goats — Angora. {See hnfroved Stock.) - - - - 55 

Governors of all the States, ------- 96 

Harbor Lnprovements. {See Appropriations for., and Specijic 

for Texas. ^ - - - - - 113 

Historical Address — April 21st, 1879, by the Editor., - - 194 

Homes for the Homeless, -------34 

Improved Stock. {See also Texas compared with other States.) 54 

Indian Raids — 1878-1S79, 103 

Invalids — Texas a Resort for, -------50 

Judicial Districts — Times of Holding Courts, - - . 1^5 

Lawlessness and Crime, - - - - - - - *i74 



Page 

Legislature, sixteenth ; Members of, General Laws of, Financial 

Questions Discussed, Appropriation Bill 

Vetoed, ..-_-- i^o 

Legislature, sixteenth ; Extra Session, Subjects for Legislative 

Consideration, Governor's Message at 

Close of, 145 

Legislature, sixteenth ; More Important Laws of Regular and 

Extra Session, - - - - 151 

Light Houses on Texas Coast, - - - - - - -in 

Livestock. (^See Statistics^ Productive Wealthy ^c.^ - - 63 
Manufactures in Texas, -------- ^.8 

Metals, Precious, Production of, ------ 59 

Methodist Episcopal Church in Texas, ----- 80 

Methodist Episcopal Church, South, 8r 

Necrology — 1878-1879, 183 

Normal Schools, -----_. _-y8 
Orchard Products, and Onderdonk's Letter. (^See Pomology 

and Nurseries. )- - - - - - - "i75 

Our System of Public Free Schools, 71 

Penitentiary — Officers of. Number of Convicts, &c., -. - - 84 
Pomology — Fair at Houston ; Onderdonk's Letter, - - 175 

Pomological interests in the south-west - - - - 178 

Presbyterian Church -------- 83 

Productive Wealth of the State, - - - - - - 33 

Quarantine. (^See Tellow Fever Epidemics.^ . - . i^y 

Railways — As they affect Commerce ; Progress. - - - 69 

Roster of United States Troops in Texas, and their Stations, - 106 
State and County Statistics, .--... 62 

State Asylums, -----...-83 

States and Territories ; Population, Area, Capitals, Governors, &c. 96 
Statistics of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, - - - 83 
Statistics of the Roman Catholic Church in Texas, - - S3 

Sugar Culture. (^See Productive Wealth., also Sugar on Rio 

Grande.) ....... ^y 

Taxation — General Tax Laws, 158 

Texas as a Stock Country. {See Statistics — also Texas compared 

ivith other States — and Productive Wealth.) - - 63 

Texas Compared with other States — As to Size, Population, 

Wealth, and Capabilities of Sustaining a Dense Population, 33 
Texas Veteran Association — Its History, Proceedings, &c., - 188 

Texas Senators and Representatives in Congress, - - - 135 
Texas Nurseries, ---.-.._ 56 

The Amended School Law, - - - - - - "75 

U. S. Government — Executive Department, - - - - ii^ 

Vote for Governor, 1878. {See Statistics.) - - - - 63 

Vote for President, and Governors of other States, - - "95 

Yellow Fever Epidemics, Quarantine, &c., - - - - i^. 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Page. 

VI. — Frontispiece — ^View of Austin from the Lunatic Asyhim. 

^2. — Corn Field in Brazos Bottom, 28 

V 3. — Land Office of Texas, 36 

V4. — Bowen's Bend, San Antonio River, - - - - - 50 

w^. — Aransas Bay, - --92 

»h5. — Scene near Fort Mason, - - -.- - - - 98 

1.7. — Fort on the Western Border, - - - - - 104 

*^ 8. — Court House at Austin, Texas, - - - - - - 112 

(,.9.— Ex-Gov. R. B. Hubbard, 136 

^lo. — Gov. O. M. Roberts, - - - - - - - 146 

HI. — The Ursuline Convent, San Antonio, - - . . i^y 

i.i2. — Court House, Paris, 156 

^13. — Court House, Ft. Worth, 160 

1.14.— Old Capita!, 166 

L 15. — Masonic Headquarters of State, Houston, -. - - - 167 
<•• 16. — Trading w^ith the Indians, - - - - - -174 

'•-17. — Mexicans, ---. 175. 



Eclipses for leso. 



In the Year 1880, there will be FOUR ECLIPSES of tne SUN, and TWO 
of the MOON, as follows: 

I —A Total Eclipseof the Sun, January 11, not visible east of the Rocky Mountains. The 
total phase will euter California north of Sau Fraucisco, and west of Salt Lalce, in Utah, 
The Sun will be so near setting that it cannot be observed to advantage. At Sau Francisco, 
the i)hase8 will be: Beginning 21i. 40m .afternoon. Greatest eclipse, 3h. 52m., afternoon. 
Eclipse ends 4h. 5Gm., afternoon. Sun sets 5h. Im. Magnitude 11.3 digits, or nearly total. 

Its general phases in St Louis, mean time, are: Beginning Ih. 59m., afternoon, in latitude- 
4033'N., and longitude 153° 45' E. Central Eclipse begins 3h. 3m., afternoon, in latitude- 
150 18' N., and longitude 142O20' E. Central eclipse at noon, 4h. 47m., afternoon, in latitude 
IOC 24' N., and longitude KiflO 0' W. Central eclipse ends 6h. 3m. , evening, in latitude 41o 41' 
N., and longitude 109° 47' W. Eclipse ends 7h. 7m., evening, in latitude 31027' Is ., and lon- 
gitude II8O 50' W. 

II. — A Total Eclipse of the Moon, June 22, not visible in the United States, except for a 
short time on the Pacific coast. Its phases in St. Louis, mean time, will be : Beginning Oh. 
14m. , morning. Total phase begins 7h. 31m , morning. Middle of eclipse 7h. 49m. morning. 
Total phase ends 8h. 7m., morning. Eclipse ends 9h. 24m., morning. 

Duration, 3h. 11m. Magnitude. 12.705 digits, or one-sixteenth of the moon's diameter. 

III. An Annular Eclipse of the Snn, July 7, not visible in North America. It will be vis- 
ible in South America and the southern part of Africa. Its general phases in St. Louis, mean 
time, are: Beginning 4h. 42m., morning, in latitude 220 47' S., and longitude 59° 37' W. 
Central eclipse begins 6h. 30m., morning, in latitude 510 51'S., and longitude 64055'^". 
Central eclipse at noon, 7h. 34m., morning, in latitude 520 30' S., and longitude 220 28' W. 
Central eclipse ends 7h. 48m., morning, in latitude 66034' S., and longitude 8° 10' W. 
Eclipse ends 9h. 3Cm., morning, in latitude 440 43' S., and longitude 120 44' E. 

IV. — A Partial, very small Eclipse of the Sun, December 1, not visible in the Northern 
Hemisphere. Its general pluises in St. Louis, mean time, are: Beginning 8h. 44m. , evening, 
in latitude 65° 1' S. , and longitmle 130 17' W. Greatest eclipse 9h. 10m. , evening, in latitude' 
67° 56' S., and longitude 42043' W. Eclipse ends 9h. 37m., evening, in latitude 67© lo' S., 
and longitude 740 18' W. 

Duration 53 minutes. Magnitude, .48 digits, or one-twenty-flfth of the Sun's diameter. 

v.— A Total Eclipse of the Moon, December 16, not visible in the United States, except a 
ihort time, on the Pacific coast. Its pliases in St. Louis, mean time, are: Beginning 7h. 43m., 
morning. Total phase begins 8h. 53m., morning. Middle of eclipse, 9h. 38m., morning. 
Total phase ends lOh. 23m. , morning. Eclipse ends llh. 32m. 

Duration, 3h. 49m. Magnitude, 10.68 digits, or about one-fourth of the moon's diameter. 

VI.— A Partial Eclipse of the Sun, December 31, visible in nearly all of North America. 
The following are some of the places in the United States, arranged iu the order of longi- 
' tude, at which it will be visible: 





DECE]Vn4ER 31, MORNING. 




BEGINS. 

II. jr. 


MIDDLE. 
H. M. 


ENDS. 
H. M. 


DIGITS. 




7 10 
7 11 
7 
53 
() 47 
6 23 
6 15 
6 4 


8 10 
8 6 
8 
7 43 
7 22 
7 8 
7 
6 48 


9 13 
9 5 
9 1 
8 33 
7 50 
V 53 
7 44 
7 33 


5.4 


New Haven , Conn 


5.1 




4.9 


Washington, D.C 


4.2 


Charle.«ti)n, S. C 


1.1 




3.5 




3.9 


St r>oiii8, Mis.sduri 


3.6 



Its general phases in St. Louis, mean time, are: Beginning 6h. Oni., morning, in latitude 
350 31' N., and longitude 7ic 44' AV. Greatest eclipse, 7h. 44m., morning, in latitude (VjO 8' 
N., and longitude i'jo 49' AV. Eclipse ends 9h. 28m., morning, in latitude 520 11' N., and lon- 
gitu.le ,50 44' W. 

Duration, ."li. 2Sm. Magnitiule, 8.544 digits, or about seventeen-tweuty-fourths of the 
Sun's diameter. 



Morning and Evening Stars, 



Venus (9) will be morning star, risitiff bpfore the sun, nntil July 16, then eveninjr star 
to the end of the year. Until July 8, she will bo west of the sun, anil afterwards east of it. 

Maks {%) will be evening and morning star, rising before and setting after midnight, 
until A|iril -^'t; then evening star, setting after sunset and before midnight, nntil October •2.");. 
then morning star, rising after midnight and belVire sunrise, to che end of the year. Until 
October 11, he will be east of the snn, and afterwards west of it. 

JupiTEn (2/) will be evening star, setting after sunset and before midnight, until Marchi 
15, after Marcli 18 he will be morning star, rising after midnight and before sunrise, imtil 
July 1 ; then evening and morning star, rising before and setting after midnight, to the end 
of the year. Until March 18, he will be east of the sun, then, until October 4, west of it, ami 
afterwards east. 

SATUKfT (^) will be evening and morning star, rising in the daytime and setting after 
midnight, until January '2; then evening star, setting after sunset and before niiilnight, 
until April G; after April 11 he will be morning star, rising after midnight and before sun- 
rise, until July 2 ; then evening and morninsstar, rising before and setting after midnight, 
to the end of the year. Until April 9, he will be east of the sun; then until October 4, west 
of it, and afterwards east. 



BEGINNING OF THE SEASONS. 

WiNTEH Solstice, 1879. — Winter begins December 21, lOh. 27m., evening. 
Vernal Equinox, 1880. — Spring begins March 19, llh. 13m., eyeniug. 
SuMMEK Solstice, 1880. — Summer begins June 20, 7h. 30m., evening. 
AuTiJiNAL Equinox, 1880. — Aiitumn begins September 22, lOh. l.'im., morning. 
Winter SoiiSTiCE, 1880. — Winter begins December 21, 4h. 21m., morning. 



DURATION OF THE SEASONS. 



D. H. M. 

Bim in Winter Signs 89 37 

Sun in Spring Signs 92 20 2.') 

Snn in Summer Signs 93 U 43 

Sun in Antumn Signs 89 18 8 



D. H. M^ 

Tropical Tear 3(i.i 5 53 

Snn North of Equator 1^6 11 18 

Sun South of Equator 178 18 45 

Difference 7 16 23 



CHRONOLOGICAL CYCLES. 



Dominical Letter D, C 

Golden Number 19 

Epact (Moon's Age January 1) 18 

Solar Cycle 13 



Ri iman Indiction 8 

Julian Period 6593 

Year of Jewish Era (Sept. 6) .^41 

Muhaimnedan Era (Dec. 4) 129&. 



Radaman, Month of Abstinence by the Tnrks, begins August 7. 

Age of the World (Mosaic) , 5873; by Reason and Geology, Millions of Ages. 



PERIGEE AND APOGEE OF THE SUN AND MOON. 

Snn in Perigee December 31, 1879; distance from the Earth, 89,817,726 miles. Sun in Apo- 

fee Julys, 1880; distance from the Earth, 92,877,761 miles. Sun in Perigee January 1, 1881; 
istance from the Earth, 89,817,726 miles. Sim's mean distance from the Earth, 91,347,743 
miles. 

The Moon at Perigee will be neajest to the Earth December 31, 1879; distance 221, 6.")9 miles. 
Her greatest distance from the Earth at Perigee, will be March 2; distance 229, S14 niili-; 

The .Moon at .Vpogee will be fartliest from the Earth December 17; distance 2.V2,-i4s miles. 
Her nearest approach to the Earth at Apogee, will be on September 25; distance 251,867 
miles. 

The Moon'.? mean distance from the Earth, deduced from her maximum and mimimum 
Perigees and Aiiogees, is 241,447 miles. In these computations, the equatorial diameter of. 
the Earth is taken at 7,925 miles. 



FIXED AND MOVABLE FASTS, FEASTS AND FESTIVALS. 



Epiphany January 6 

Se))tuage.sima Svndav January 25 

Quinquagesima Sunday February 8 

Ash Wednesday (1st day of Lent) February 11 
Quadragesima (1st Sun. in Lent)Febniary 15 

Mid-Lent Sunday March 7 

Palm Sunday March 21 

Annunciation — Lady Day March 25 

Good Friday March 20 



E A STER SUNDAY March 28 

Liiw Sunday April 4 

Rogation Sunday May 2 

Ascension Day— II<dy Thursday May 6 

Whit Sundav-^Pente'cost ' Mav 16 

Trinity Sunday ...May 23 

1st Sunday in .\dvent November 2S 

Christmas Day December 25> 



THE ANATOMY OF MAN'S BODY, 

AS SUPPOSED TO BE GOVERNED 

BY THE TWELVE CONSTELLATIONS. 

"Y* Head and Face- 



n 

Anns, 



Ileart. 




Neck. 



Breast 



Bowels. 



Secrets. 



Knoes. 



X The Feet, 
EXPLANATION OF CITAPvACTERS. 

Sun. © Earth. ^ Mercury. 9 Venus. % Mars. 2/ Jupitei'. Ij Saturn. 
T§. Herschel or Uranus. (§1, (fi, 5 Moon. 

Aspects. — d ConJLinction, liaving tlie same longitude or right ascension; 
"being near. >f; Sextile, heing GO degrees ai)art; tlie same character denotes a 
Star, n Quai-tile, 90 degrees apart. A '^"'"hie, 120 degrees apart. $ Opiiosition, 
180 degrees apart. Q Ascending Node — at tlie ecliiiilc and tending northward. 
^ Descending Node — crossing the ecliptic soutliward. 

SIGNS OF THE ZODIAC. 

<Y* Aries, the Ram — Head. ^ Taurus, tlie Bull— Neck, n Gemini, the 
Twins — Arms. 25 Cancer, the Crah— Breast. SI Leo, the Lion — I liait. njj The 
Virgin— Bowels, z:^ Libra, the Balance — Reins. Tr^ Scorpio, tbe Scorpion — 
Secrets. / Sagittarius, the Archer — Thighs. Vj Ca]iricornus, the Goat — Knees. 
CK' Aquarius, the Water-bearer— Legs. X Pisces, the Fishes— Feet. 



To Know Where the Sign is.— First find tlie (lay of the month, and against it you have 
the siffu or iilace of the Moon, in the Cth column; theu lindiug tlie sign here, it shoAvs the 
part of the Dody it is supposed to govern. 

t:h:e is/LJ^TJsr boo]ve. 

Dr. Hartei-'s Iron Tonic is Endorsed by the Medical / r.>/ession,—Its Wonderful Power. 

As a remedi.Tl agent, ihe Iron Tonic now stands at the head of all known remediesfor tlie cure 
■i| dyspepsia, general deViility, female diseases, want cf vitulity, etc. Its career has been marked 
by success after success until it has become the most celebrattd of all the Tonics now in use The 
•use of the Iron Tonic is marked by almost immediate and wonderful results. Testimonials are re- 
ceived from all quarters, they come couched in the strongest language, tliey bear the impress of 
truth; in some cases they are written in the language of grateful hearts, in other cases they are 
jubilant and hopeful. Rut there is but one sentiment, and that is that the Iron Tonic is electrifying 
the country by its wonderful cures and its still more wonderful aid to health and happiness. This 
great medicine is manufactured by tlie Dr. Uarter Medicine Co., No. 213 North Main street, St. 
Louis, and it is sold by druggists and general dealers everywhere. It stiengtliens the body, tones 
up the stomach, and acts upon the liver with the most astonishing results, it absorbs and removes 
all matter of an injurious character, remaining in the stomach and makes billions attacks and 
«ummer complaints an impossibility. 



1st Month.] JANUARY: begins on Thursday; has 31 days. [1880. 



ilOUN'8 PHASES. 

Last Quarter 

New Moon 

First Quarter 

Full Moon 



ST. LOUIS, mssouKi. 

5th oh. 47m. Morning. 

nth 4h. 39m. Evening. 

19th oh. 34m. Morning. 

27th 4h. im. Morning. 



CIIICACIO, ILLINOIS. 

1st oh. 58m. Morning. 

nth 4h. 49m. Evening. 

igth oh. 50m. Morning. 

27th 4h. 22m. Morning. 



ASPECTS OF PLANETS, 
EVENTS, Etc. 



CALEHDAK FOS 
Texas. 







Viz ri'^('=; 



CALENDAR 
Missouri. 



Sun 





Sun 

© 

sots. 



Clock 

fastt'i 
than 
Sun. 



© 

rlii.a- 
tiou. 



M'8 



iTlmr 
2Frid. 
3, Sat. 

4 o 

f)'Mon. 
() Tiies 
7|Wed. 
8Thur 
OTrid. 
10 Sat. 

n| O 

12]Mon. 

13Tues 
liWed. 
loThiir 
16|Frid. 

17lSat. 

18^ O 

19^Mon. 

2(^'Tuo3 

211 Wed. 

22Thur 

23;Frid. 

24: Sat. 

2^ r> 

2fiMon. 
27Tues 
28, Wed. 
29Thur 
SOtFrid. 
3llSat. 



Circumci. Emanc, 1863. 
Newton born, 1G42. 
Algeneb. S. 5-l(J ; sets 11-45 
9 gr. hel. hit. N. 
rises 3-57 ; % sets 2-55. 
Lpiphany KS. 6-;3(;. 
7 stars S. 8-31 ; stt 4-5. 
Bat.N.Orleus.'15; t^ S D 
D perigee [10-^ ^^ ]) 
[9—]) runs low, 25°22' S. 
1st Sand, a fter Epiph. j) Q^ 
]!/setg 8-59"; >2 S. 5-13. 93 
5 rises 4-10; -^.S. 7-27. 
Peace declared, 1783. 
Aldebaran S. 8-51 ; ^ c5 D 
-^ sets 2-27; :^ sets 8-47. 
\l6D Franklin b"n, 1706. 
D. Webster born, 1782. 
b sets 10-53; Q rises 4-20. 
CopellaN. 9-10; % 6J) 
]) apogee ; % sets 2-16. 
aphelion ; % S. 7-4. 
Jrunshigb, 25°2i' N. 
Fred'Ic tlie G't born, 1712. 
Conversion of St. Paul. 
£25— Rob't Burns b'n 1759, 
RigelS. 8-43; sets 2-21. 
Paris surrendered, 1871. 
Thomas Paine born, 1737. 
Charles I. beheaded, KUO. 
1? sets 8-4; b sets 10-10. 



204 

204 

194 

194 

194 

184 

184 

174 

174 

1G4 

154 

154 

14,4 

134 

134 

124 

124 

114 

104 

93 

84 

74 

64 

64 

54 



4q 9 2; 

4010 7 
4l|ll 12 
4l'nio"n 



7 

\ 

7 
7 
7 

7 

'7 

7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
6 59'5 110 24 



20 

1 31 

2 44 

3 57 

5 8 
9 
sets. 

6 8 

7 20 

8 30, 

9 34 
48;i0 37| 
48,11 38 
49n!o"n 



44 
34 
24 

14 



39 

1 39 

2 38 

3 35 

4 28 

5 18 

6 
6 38 
sets. 

6 54 

7 59 
9 5 



304 30 

294 31 1 
294 31 
284 32l 
284 32 
274 33 
27 4 33 
26 4 34 
264 34 
25,4 35 
244 30 
234 37 
234 37| 
22 4 38 
21 4 39 
204 40 
204 40 
194 41 
18,4 42 
174 43 
164 44 
154 45 
144 46 
13 4 47 
124 48 
11 4 49 
10|4 50 
9,4 51 
84 52 
74 53 
514 55 



iii.s. is.iuthl 

3 45,23 ISL 

4 13^22 56 mj 

4 41;22 50| 

5 822 44-1= 
5 3522 38^ 
2|22 31 n\^ 



G 2822 23 

6 54 

7 19 



7 44 



22 15 f 

22 7^ 
21 5SW 
21 49 
8 3221 40 CK" 



8 55 

9 17 
9 39 
9 59 

10 20 
10 39 

10 58 

11 16 
11 33 

11 50 

12 5 
12 20 
12 34 
12 4 

12 59 

13 11 
13 22 
13 32 
13 41 



21 30 
21 19 
21 8 
20 5' 
20 45 
20 33 
20 21 
20 8 
19 55 
19 41 
19 27 
19 1325 
18 59 
18 44 
18 28 
18 13 
17 57TTr 
17 40 

17 24l-i: 



n 



SI 



GAME IN TEXAS. 



The following article was furnished for the Almanac, by a native 
Texan who, as an amateur, has given a good deal of attention to hunting 
and fishing. He says nothing al)out fishing, though the rivers. Bayous, 
and Bays of Texas abound in the finest varieties of most excellent fish, 
to say nothing of our turtle, oysters, shrimp, &c. ; 

"Western Texas is well supplied with game wherever water and tim- 
ber are found. On the plains towards the Rio Grande are found vast 
herds of buffalo during the winter season, and many thousands are killed 
every year by the market hunters and hide hunters. 

Antelope are abundant the year round but are not easy of approach 
on account of their extreme wariness, but their curiosity often leads them 



2d Month.] FEBRUARY: begins on Sunday; has 29 days. [1880. 



iluOX'S PHASES. ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI. 

Last Quarter 3d gh. 37m. Morning. 

New Moon loth 5h. i5m. Morning. 

First Quarter lyih gh. 45m. Evening. 

Full Moon ij-h jh. aim. Morning. 



CHICAGO, ILLINOIS. 

3d gh. 48m. Morning. 

loth 5h. 27m. Morning. 

17'ch gh. 55m. Evenirtg. 

25th 7h. 31m. Morning. 



£! 



ASPECTS or PLANETS, 
EVENTS, Etc. 



CALEirOAK FOB 
Texas. 



Sun Sun 



Moon 



rises 
& sets 



CALEHDAB 
Missouri. 



Snn Snn 

© 



Clocli 
faster 
than 
.Sun. 

© 



Sun's 

© 

He- 
el i na- 
tion. 



M's 



sign. 



Hijth 

water 

at 

Kew 
Hay'n 

Ct. 



1 T) 

2Mon. 
3Tues 
4 Wed. 
5,Thur 
6Fiid. 
7;Sat. 

81 D 
9Mon. 
lOTues 
llWed. 
12Thur 
13Frid. 
14 Sat. 
15| D 
16Mon. 
ITTues 
18 Wed. 
19Thur 
20Frid. 
21 Sat. 

22iD 

23Mon. 
24Tues 
25 Wed. 
2GThur 

27 Frid. 

28 Sat. 
29i C 



Sexlffcsima. <? rises 4r40. 
Candleuias, r'urif. 
Greeley born, 1811. 
'J, S. 6-34; sets 1-48. 
J) runs low, 25°'19 S. 
J) perigee. '2J. set.s 8-6. 
I2 sets 9-46. ^6D DO, 
(^ainquages:mia. 

2 rises 4-50. % sets 1-40. 
7 stars S. 6-16. '^ 6 D 
Ash Wednesday. 

^ o-r. hel. lat. S. 116 1) 
^S.6-15. [14- 5. sup 6©; 
Valentine Day. \ 6 1> 
1st Sunday in Lent. 
Fort Donaldson sur. 1SG2 
Columbia, S. C, b., 1865. 
]) apogee. % iD 

3 runs high, 25°14' K 
Voltaire born, 1694. 
Aldebanm S. 6-25. D^ 
Washington born, 1732. 
XsQl-di I2 SB 8-51: "J, n©| 
St. Matthew ; 9 rises 5-1. 
Sinus S. 8°-20'. ' 
Longfellow bom, 1807. 

-^ sets 1-12; 2/st^ts 6-tJ. j 
Ij sets 8-34; 5 rises 5-2. 
Sd Sunday in Lmf. 9 ^ ! 



585 
575 
56|5 
555 
535 
525 
51,5 
505 
49,5 
4815 
47|5 
465 
445 
43:5 
425 
415 
405 
385 
375 
365 
355 
345 
32;5 
315 
305 
29,5 
27|5 
26'5 
255 



r.eve 
11 23 
mo'n 

33 

1 44:|7 

2 53; ;6 

3 57ii6 

4 55 '6 

5 40 '6 



I II n^' 
44 56, 13 

34 571 13 

24 58|il4 

05 0:!14 



sets. 

6 7 

7 15 

8 m,w 

9 22 '6 



10 25 '6 

11 27 6 
19!nio"n;6 
20 26 6 

22 1 24 6 

23 2 19:6 

24 3 9 6 
25! 3 54:6 
26 4 34, 6 

28 5 10, ,6 

29 5 41" 6 
30i-ises. 6 
31 6 53 6 

33 8 116 

34 9 11' 16 
3.-) 10 23' 6 



595 

585 
575 
565 
555 
535 
525 
515 
495 11 
485 12: 
47|5 13 
465 14 
44i5 16 
43 5 17 
4115 19 
40'5 20 
39|5 21 
385 22 
365 24 
355^5 
335 27 
32,5 28 
3l'5 29 
295 31 



1;14 

2 14 

3||14 

4:'l4 

6| 14 

7I 14 

8iil4 

9;14 

14 

14 

14 

14 

14 

14 

14 

13 

13 

13 

13 

13 

13 

13 

12 

12 



^outh 
17 7- 
16 50tt\^ 
16 Z% 

16 14 

15 5g; / 

15 38 
15 19VJ 
15 Oj 
14 42,CK? 

14 22 
14 2X 
13 42 
13 22^ 



2613 2 
2312 4l| 
20; 12 21 « 
1612 0! 



285 32M2 



11 39n 

11 18 
10 56 

10 3405 

45 10 13: 
37 9 51iSL 

28 9 29 
18 9 drr^ 
8 8 44^ 
58 8 22 
47 7 59,-- 
351 7 3G! 



I :,n. 
17 2 49 

1 3 39 
15 4 37 
29| 5 43 
13; 6 56 
28 8 7 
12 9 14 
26'10 12 
10' 10 59 
24:11 43 

81110'n 
2l| 23 
1 3 

1 42 

2 20 

3 4 

3 51 

4 43 

5 39 
20 6 41 
11' 7 40 
23 8 38 

6 9 29 
1910 16 

210 56 
le'U 37 
29aft.l9 
13; 1 
28 1 42 



within range of the deadly rifle. It is said that a red pocket handker- 
chief on a ramrod will entice them to witliin fifty yards. 

Coyotes or Prairie wolves and Lobos or large gra}- wolves dance at- 
tendance on the herds of buffalo and pick up the infirm and feeble ones 
if they happen to stray from the main drove. 

There are some Jaguar's in the brush, but they are scarce. 

There are plenty of Leopard cats and Lynx, and it is said that they 
intermix, and bring forth varieties enough to puzzle a naturalist. 

Peccaries or wild hogs are abundant in all the places remote from 
civilization and although small and insignificant looking, are by no means 
despicable as enemies. Many a hunter has passed the night in a tree to 
;a,void their tusks. 

In low flat places is found the Mexican Lion, supposed by many to be 
the panther, but this animal although resembling the panther in color, 
'\has different habits -f for instance, he can not climb a tree, and is slow 
"of foot. 

Bears both black aud cinnamon are found in isolated places. 



3d Month. 



MARCH: begins on Monday; has 31 days. 



[1880. 



moon's phases. 

Last Quarter 

New Moon 

First Quarter 

Full Moon 



ST. LOUIS, MlSSOUKl. 

3d 5h. 5m. Afternoon. 

loth 6h. 46m. Evening. 

i8th 6h. 35m. Evening. 

2&th 8h. 22m. Morning. 



CUlCAtiO, ILLINOIS. 

3d 5h. i6m. Afternoon. 

loth 6h. 57m. Evening. 

i8th 6h. 46m. Evening. 

26th 7h. 33m. Morning. 



ASPECTS OF PLANETS, 

EVENTS, Etc. 



CALENDAK FOR 
Texas^ 

Moon 



Sun 




.Sun 

© 

sets. 



risos 
i sets 



CALENDAR 
Missouri. 



Sun 



.Sun 
© 



Clock 
faster 
than 
Sun. 

© 



.Sun't 

:t 

oli na- 
tion 
S'th & 
North 



M'a 



sign. 



Hijih 

water 
at 

Np\v' 
Ilav'u 

Ct. 



IMon. 

2|Tues 

3 Wed. 

4lThur 

SFrid. 

e.Sat. 

7| C 

8Mon. 

9Tues 

lOWed. 

lliThurt 

12Fi-id. 

13Sat. 

14] C 

15Mon. 

16Tues 

17jWed. 

l&Thur; 

19,rrid. 

20 Sat. 



c 

Mon. 
Tues 
Wed. 
25Thur| 
26Frid. 
27iSat. 
2^ C 
29|Mon. 
30;Tues 
31;Wed. 



Bona. fr. Elba, 1815. 
,]) perigee. ^^ 
iWashington elected, 1789. 
J) runs low, 25°7' S. 
Madison born, 1751. 
^. sets 1-0; ^perili.])^ 
4th Sunday in Lent. 
:2/ sets 6-21; Ij sets 8-4. 
9 rises 5-3 ; % sets 0-5G. 
A'ldebaran.sets 0-20. 
« 2:r. el.. 1S°15' E. 116D 
Ri^el sets 11-16. ^ k 6 D 
J discovered, 1781. 
oth Sunday in Lent. 
: Jackson b"n, 1767. "V <^ 6 
' J) runs high, 24°59' K. ; 6 
5 apogee. St. Patrick's. jG 
[17— ? gr.hel.lat.N. S ci D 6 
:^ rises 5-4. [18— ^stat. " 
Ij sets 7-24. ©T J)^ 
Palm Sunday. 
Yel. & Ell. sets 11-23. 
Bat. Winchester, 1862. 
Sirius S. 6-30; sets 11-33. 
Annunciation. 
Oood Friday. 9 "ses 4-54. 
% sets 0-51 ; lenses 5-39. 
Easier. i}int. (^(^ 
J) perigee. Ij sets 6-54. 
Castor S. 6-53 ; sets 3-15. 
3) runs low, 24°52' S. 



245 
225 
215 

20!5 

is:5 

17 5 

16:5 

155 

14|5 

125 

115 

105 

8,5 

7,5 

65 

55 

35 

25 

15 

0,6 

58j6 

57 16 

566 

556 

546 

52l6 

51|6 

506 

486 

476 

46,6 



ir.eve. 
3611 35 
38mo'n 
45 



39 

40 

42 

43 

41 

451 

46! 5 2o: 

481 sets. 

49 7 51 

50' 8 9!:6 

52 9 11 6 

5310 12i6 

5411 15 

55iino'n 



rises. 
6 53 

8 6 

9 21 
10 33 

13,11 42 
14,mo'n 



265 34 

255 35 

235 37 

22i5 38 

2115 39 

195 41 

18;5 42 

16|5 44 

155 45 

145 46 

125 48 

11'5 49 

lO'o 50 

85 52 

7 5 53 

55 55 

45 56 



6 

6 

6 

6 

6 

6 7: 

6 9 



5 506 10 



6 12 
6 13 
6 14 
6 16 



12 23 
12 1^ 6 
11 57 
11 43 
11 30 
11 15 
11 1 
10 46 
10 30 
10 14 

9 58 

9 42 

9 25 

9 8 

8 51 

8 34 

8 16 

7 59 

7 41 

7 23 

7 

6 46 

6 28 

6 9 

5 51 

5 32 

5 14 

4 55 

4 37 

4 18] 

4 



S.&N. 

7 13 
50 
2 
4 
41 
18 
54 
31 



"I 



25 



44 
20 
57 
33 

9 
46 
22 
58 
35 
11 
13 
36 SI 


24 
47 
11 
34=2= 
58| 

21k 

44 



12 

26 

/ 10 

24 

H 8 

22 

(SC 6 

20 

3 
16 
29 
12 
25 

7 
19 

1 
13 
25 



X 



an. 

2 28 

3 25 

4 27 

5 37 

6 50 

7 58 

8 59 

9 51 

10 36 

11 13 
11 53 
mo'n 

32 

1 11 

1 48 

2 30 

3 19 



^ 



7 4 

8 

8 48 

9 42 
10 26 

811 6 

23 11 51 J» 

8aft.38 



1 28 

2 17 

3 18 



Deer are found every where that people are scarce. 

Black tailed deer are found in the hills and mountains, while on the 
prairies and in the timber are the common red Virginia deer. 

Foxes, Raccoons, Opossums. Civet cats, Skunks, Badgers and other 
small carniverous animals are found in greater or less quantities accord- 
ing to locality. 

Mule eared or Jack rabbits and the small Hare known as the cotton tail 
are found every where. 

There are many Mustangs and some few Wild Asses to be found near 
the Rio Grande. 

Along the river bottoms are found squirrels both gray and red in color. 

The native birds of Western Texas are numerous but the names can 
not be given to all as there are many not described by ornithologists, 
iind it would take too much time and space to attempt to classify them. 



4th Month.] APRiL: begins on Thursday; has 30 days. 



[1880. 



moon's phases. 

Last Quarter 

New Moon 

First Quarter 

Full Moon 



ST. LOUIS J MISSOURI. 

2d oh. 12m. Morning. 

gth gh. 6m. Morning. 

17th ih. 13m. Afternoon. 

24th 4h. 49m. Afternoon. 



CHICAGO, ULLN'OIS. 

2d oh. 22m. Morning. 

gth gh. 17m. Morning. 

17th ih. 24m. Afternoon. 

24th 5h. om. Afternoon. 



ASPECTS OF PLANETS, 

EVENTS, Etc. 



CALENDAS FOR 
Texas. 



'rises 



© 



'Moon 



rises. 
& sets 



CALEHDAS 

Missouri. 



Sun Sun 



Clock 
faster 
and 
slo'i- 
than 
Sun. 

© 



Sun's 

S- 

clina- 
tion. 



M's 



.sign. 



High 

water 

at 

Xew 
Hav'n 

Ct. 



I 

liThnr 
2Fricl. 

3Sat. 

4| C 
oMon. 
6iTues 
7lWed. 
8|Thur 
O'Frid. 
lOSat. 

Ill O 

12Mon. 

13,Tiu'.>^ 

14Wed. 

15Thnr 

IGJFrid. 

17 'Sat. 

18 O 
lOMon. 

20|Tues 
21 1 Wed. 

23|Frid. 
24:Sat. 

2(]!Mon. 
f 27|Tues 
28|AVed. 
2DThur 
30!Frid. 



^Vll Fools' Day. 9 ris. 4r47 
'RegulusS. 9-16; ])^ 
1 9 apli. Sirius sets 10-54, 
[Low Sunday/. % sets 0-22. 
[4 — IJichinond taken, 18G5. 
[4 — Jefferson born. 1743. 
[6— Bat.Slnloh,T/2. 9 c^ D 
i:yr.4-56; ^116 1) ^611 
Il2sets6-24E. ^^ h6D 
I 5 Stat. Spiea S. 0-.5, 
^d Sunday after Easter. 
Sumpter attacked, ISGl. 
RegulusS. 8-3G; sets 3-0. 
j) apogee ; ^ r. h. 24°45'X. 
\^%6 9 'h6D 9"- 4-34 
lArctunisS. U-33; j)^ 
JFranklin died, 1790. 
\3d Sun. aft. Easter. ^ d 2/ 
1 5 aphelion ; % sets 0-1. 
iXorfolk seized, 1861. 
i Regains S. S-1 ; sets 2-26. 
1 2/ rises 4-4; Ij sets 3-52. : 
Wordsworth died, 1850. 
[25— 5 gr. el. 26°57' W. 
4th S. ff/. Easfr. St. Mark's 
i) peri gee ; 9 gr. h. h. S. 
]) rims lo^y, 24^40' S. 
[26 — Johnston sur. 1865. 
jSpicaS. 10-49 ;s. 4-18. ^^ 
IWashington inaug. 1789. 



5 44;6 
5 43,6 
5 42i6 
5 4l[6 
5 39,6 
,5 38,6 
.5 37,6 
5 36 16 
5 356 
5 336 
5 32,6 
,5 3116 
5 30,6 
5 296 
5 27 6 
5 266 
5 256 
:5 24,6 
;5 236 
5 226 
5 206 
5 196 
5 18;6 
[5 17,6 
5 16,6 
5 156 
5 14 6 
5 12.6 
5 li;6 
i5 106 



r.ia'u 
42 



1 
2 
2 

3 
3 
4 
4 

sets. 

8 

9 
9 58 

10 52 
31III 40 
33 mo'n 



25 

1 2 



1 

2 

2 

3 

3 

4 

43'rises 
4i 8 13 
45 9 25 
4610 31 
4Sill 27 
49mo'n 
50l 14 



436 17 
416 19 
406 20 
396 21 
376 23 
36;6 24 
346 26' 
336 27 
326 2Si 
306 30 



6 31 
6 32 
6 34' 
6 35 
6 36: 
6 38 
6 39 
6 40 
6 42 
6 43 
6 44 



3 42 
3 24 
3 6 
2 49 



Xorthl 



2 

2 
1 
1 
1 

1 8 
52 
36 
21 
fit. 6 



VJ 



54 
17 

40 CK- 
3 
25 

6 48X 

7 10 

7 33 Y* 

7 55 
3 17 

8 39 

9 1 

9 23' n 
9 44 



« 



si. 910 6 
23110 27 



146 46 



6 47 

6 48 
6 49; 
6 50' 
6 52 
6 53 
6 54' 
6 55 



37 

51 

1 4 



2Z 



a 



10 48 

11 9 
11 29 

17|11 50 np 
29il2 10 
41 12 30U= 
5312 50 
413 lOm 
1413 29 
2 24 13 48 / 
2 3414 7I 
2 43 14 26'VJ 
2 51114 451 
2 59I15 31 



aft. 

4 23 

5 30 

6 36 

7 37 

8 33 

9 20 
10 6 

10 44 

11 21 
mo"n 

3 

42 

1 23 

2 4 

2 51 

3 41 

4 33 

5 28 

6 24 

7 19 

8 13 

9 4 
6 54 

10 43 

11 29 
aft.24 

1 17 

2 11 

3 11 
29l 4 11 



Commencing at the extreme southern point of the State and going 
farther north as new varieties appear the order would run about as fol- 
lows : 

Chaehalaca's or chaperal cocks, a species of brush pheasant very- 
numerous and noisy, and hard to shoot, about half the size of a chicken 
but very toothsome. 

Blue top knot quail, about the size of the genuine bob-white but longer, 
and not so good for the table, the meat being darker, and the bird gen- 
erally poor from too much running and too little food. Then comes our 
favorite old friend Bob-white or Virginia quail, which is every where 
that Americans live. 

Then comes the prairie chicken or pinnated grouse which is found 
east of the Guadalupe river. 

Turkeys are found in great abundance everywhere in isolated places. 
This comprises most of the native game birds of Texas. 

The song birds are very numerous, of which the mocking bird take* 



5th Month. 



MAY: begins on Saturday; has 31 days. 



[1880. 



JKIOX'S PHASES. 

Last Quarter 

New Moon 

First Quarter 

Full Moon 

Last Quarter 



ST. LOUIS, MISSOUKI. 

ist 7h. 51m, Morning. 

gth....... oh. 15m. Morning. 

xyth gh. 23m. Morning. 

24th oh. 3Sm. Morning. 



CHK:A<i<J, ILLINOIS. 

ist 8h. 2m. Morning. 

gth oh. 26m. Morning. 

X7th 4h. 34m. Morning. 

24th oh. 48m. Morning. 



30th 4h. 52m. Afternoon, j 30th 5h. 3m. Afternoon 



ASPECTS OF PLANETS, 
EVENTS, Etc. 



CALEIiDAK FOB 


OALENDAB 


Texas. 


Mis- 


ouri. 


1 

i Sim 


Snn 


Moon' 


Snii 


i^UIl 


© 


© 


® {TS 


© 


.■IS.S 


sets. 


Jsct's ^•i'*^^ 


SflS. 



Clock! Sun's 
slo'r 
tliau 

.'•un. jciina 
© I liou 



Saints Stephen and James 
Rogation Sunday. [1-9 6 h 
Famigut at X. O., 1SG2. 
rises 4-14 ; % sets 11-36. 
Arcturus S. 11-2S. 
Ascension. ^ 6h 
:V rises 3-17; h^'i 6D 
Antaris ris. 8-14; sets 1-22. 
Sunday after Ascension. 
^ gr. h. i. S. b rises 3-47. 
5 apogee. 5 r. h. 24°3(J' X. 
'!§■ stationary. 9 rises 4-7. 
^gr.h.l.N. % 6D D^ 
[lU— Pacific R. 11., 1869. 
Castor sets, 0-17. 
Pentecost. % sets 11-15. 
Pollux sets 11-11. 
Dark Day, 1780. 
Regains sets 1-0. 
Lafayette died, 1834. 
2/ rises 2-29 ; Tj rises 3-7. 
Regains S. 6-0 ; sets 0-18 
Tnnity. Paris be., 1871. 
]) perigee. 3 r. 1., 24°35'S. 
¥ D© [24 — Victoria b. '1!) 
[25— B.'A.Winch'r,"64. ])^ 
9 rises 4-1 ; % sets lO-vA. 
Noah Webster died. 1843. 
Gen. Scott died, 1866. 
1st. S. aft. Trill. [29—^^ 
Bat. Fair Oaks, 1862. 



5 106 50 


52 


J5 86 52 


1 2.T 


5 76 53 


1 53 


5 66 54 


2 20 


;5 56 55 


2 4.-) 


i5 46 56 


3 13 


1,5 3,0 57 


3 41 


'5 26 58 


4 12! 


5 16 59 


sets. 


5 07 


8 45 


4 5917 1 


9 35 


i 4 58,7 2 


10 21 


4 577 3 


11 


4 50,7 4 


11 ,35 


4 557 5 


mori 


4 557 5 


5I 


4 547 6 


34 


4 537 7 


1 ll 


4 527 8 


1 28 


4 51 


7 9 


1 57 


4 51 


7 9 


2 28 


4 50 


7 10 


3 5 


4 49 


7 11 


3 49 


4 48;7 12 


rises. 


4 4817 12 


9 14 


:4 4711 13 


10 G' 


|4 46 


7 14 


10 491 


14 46 


7 14 


11 26: 


4 45 


7 15 


11 56: 


4 44 


7 10 


mo'n 


14 447 16 


23 



3,0 57 
2,6 5> 
16 59 



59,7 

58,7 

o7|7 

4 567 



557 
54,7 

537 7 

527 8' 

517 9 

50i7 10! 

4 4917 11 

4 487 12 



4 41 



387 22 
38!7 22i 
37 7 23, 

367 24 
357 25 
357 25 



M's 



Hish 

waier 

at 

Kcir 

riav'n 

Ct. 



m. s. urtl: 
3 BUS 21 
3 1315 39 
3 19 15 57 X 
3 2516 14| 
3 30 16 31 Y" 
3 35il6 48 
3 3917 4 
3 4217 20 ^ 
3 4547 36l 
3 4717 52 n 
3 48 18 7 
3 49 18 22 
3 50118 37 
3 50118 51 
3 4919 5 SI 
3 48 19 19 



13 



5 10 

6 10 

7 5 
23| 7 56 

5 8 46 
18 9 32 
30 10 15 
1210 54 
24|11 35 

6 mo'n 



3 46 
344 
3 41 
3 38 
3 34 
3 30 
3 25 
3 20 
3 14 
3 8 
3 1 
2 53 



19 32 
19 45 TO 

19 58 ^ 

20 10 
20 22 
20 34 
20 45 

20 50 

21 7 
21 17 
21 27 
21 37|CK' 

2 45'21 46 
2 37 21 55 X 
2 2922 3 



19 





42 
25 
12 
59 
49 
41 

6 30 

7 31 

8 28 

9 24 

10 22 

11 14 



25 af. 13 



1 6 

1 59 

2 54 

3 50 
440 
5 33 



the lead. Larks. Finches, Cardinal-grosbeaks, Fly catchers, Thrushes, 
Sparrows, Wrens, Jays, Doves, Blackbirds, and Jackdaws are more or less 
abundant every where. Humming birds and orioles are also common. 

The birds of prey are Eagles, Hawks, Kites and Falcons, while of the 
vulture order are Buzzards, Crows and a peculiar bird known as the 
Mexican eagle, the national emblem of our sister republic. 

Pelicans, Cranes, Herons and innumerable varieties of Gulls breed all 
along the sea coast. 

Tliere are a few species of Snipe indigenous to the State. 

There is but one species of wild duck which is not migratory. This 

is called the black or summer Mallard, named by Audubon the dusky 
duck. 

There are some birds tliat have no name known to the writer but they 
are not considered eatable. 

To mention all the migiatoiy birds would be almost impossible. 



6th Month.] JUNE: begins on Tuesday ; has 30 days. 



[1880. 



jioon's phases. 

New Moon 

First Quarter 

Full Moon 

Last Quarter 



ST. LOriSj MISSOUKI. [ CHICAGO, LILINOIS. 

7th 3h. 54m. Afternoon. 7th 4h. 5m. Afternoon. 

15th 3h. 50m. Afternoon. 15th 4h. im. Afternoon. 

22d 7h. 45m. Morning, j 22d 7h. 55m. Morning. 

29th 3h. 55m. Morning. 29th 4h. 7m. Morning. 



ASPECTS OF PLANETS, 

EVENTS, Etc. 



CALENSAB FOB 
Texas. 







rises'sets. ^'^/^^ , 



CALENDAB 
Missouri. 



Sun 





Sun 

© 

sets. 



^lock 
slo'r 
and 

faster 
tliaii 
Sun. 

© 



clina- 
tion 



M's 



High 
water 

at 
New 
Ilav'n 

Ct. 



^. Tues 
iWed. 
IThur 
IFrid. 

iSat. 

o 

TMon. 
8 Tues 
9|Wed 



Thur 
Frid. 
Sat. 

O 

Mon. 



ISTue.s 



1 Wed. 
'Thur 
1 Frid. 

• Sat. 

c 

Mon. 
i Tues 
IWed. 
rrhur 
25Frid. 
2GSat. 
27 C 
28Mon. 
29Tues 
301 Wed. 



Bat. Seven Tines, 18G2. 
i^pei-ib; ^sni). 60^6 1) 
Arcturus S. 'J-24. ^ 6D 
[2— Bat. Cold Harbor, 'G-i. 
2/ rises 1-37 ; Ij rises 2-12. 
£d Sund. af. Trinity. 9 d D 
]) apogee. 3 r.li.. 24°34'X. 
.Jackson died, 1845. ^ (^ ]) 
Spica S. 8-5 ; sets 1-38. 
Bat. Big Bethel, 1861. 
St. Barnabas. % 6 1) 
9 rises 4-3 ; % sets 10-16. 
3d S. af. Trln. ^ gr. 1,. 1. X. 
Antaris S. 10-48_; sets 1-34. 
Geneva arl)., 18*2. 
n 5— Polk died. 1849. 
Bat Bunker Hill, 177.5. 
2£ rises 0-52. [17 — 'J, aphel. 
Vega S. 0-13. ©05 
4th S. af. Trin. 721— 9 ^ 
]) perigee, 5 r. 1. 24°35'S. 
Arcturus S. 8-9. 5 Q 
tj rises 1-5; 9 rises 4-13. 
St. John the Baptist. 
Bat. before Eichmond, '62. 
Spica S. G-.53; sets 0-25. 
■ith Sunday after Trinity. 
% sets 9-49 ; :^ rises 0-15. 
St. Peter. Vegas S. 11-53. 
Altair S. 1-1. 2/ b i D 



437 
437 
427 
427 
41,7 
417 



4 41:7 



407 
407 
407 
39 7 

39;7 

397 
397 
397 

38:7 

387 
38|7 
3S|7 

38:7 

387 

3s;7 

387 
387 

38:7 
38:7 

39 7 

397 
307 
39;7 



inoni.i 
49 



1 IG 

1 43 

2 13 

2 47 

3 25 
sets. 

8 19 

9 
9 32 

2i;io 8 

21 10 37 

2111 3 

21 11 3014 
21 11 57;!4 
22nio"n !|4 



2G 4 

.59! |4 

1 37 4 

2 25 4 

3 22|j4 
rises.! 4 

8 38, ;4 

9 21:4 
9 55 4 

2210 24 4 
21 10 52:4 
21 11 18':4 
21 11 47 !4 
21 ino'n 4 



347 2G 
34 7 26 
33,7 2 
337 2 
32'7 28 
32,7 28 
327 28 
31I7 29 
31 7 29 
3117 29 
307 30 
30,7 30 
297 31 
29,7 31 
297 31 
297 31 
297 81 
297 31 
2SY 32 
287 32 
287 32 
287 32 
287 32 
297 31 
297 31 
297 31' 
297 31 1 
29,7 31' 
307 80; 
307 30 



. s jNorth 
20,22 li 
1022 19 
022 26 
5022 .33 



T 



si. 

fji. 8 
21 
U 
47 



a 



nK 



39|22 39| 

2822 45n 

1722 51 

6 22 56 

5423 1 

42 23 5 

3023 9 

17 23 13 

23 16 

23 19 

23 21 

23 23-- 

23 251 

5923 26' m 

1 1223 27| 
25,23 27 / 
3823 27 

23 27 >:? 
23 26 
23 25j- 

2 2923 23 

2 4r23 21 X 

2 5423 18 

3 623 15 
3 18^23 12 



aft. 

6 26 

7 18 

8 9 

8 59, 

9 47 
10 32 



15 11 13 



3 29!23 8! 



T 



27 

9 
20 

2 
14 
27 

9 
22 

6 
20 

4 
18 

3 
18 

311 4 
18'al"f. 2 

3| 55 
18 1 41 

2 2 27 
16 3 15 
29 4 2 
12 4 51 
24 5 44 



11 58 
luo'n 

40 

1 20 

1 58 

2 40 

3 25 

4 10 

4 58 

5 55 

6 55 

7 59 
9 5 

10 9 



They embrace every known species from the Swan to the Teal duck, 
and from the large trumpeter Crane to the little Jack-snipe. All the 
fresh water ponds and streams teem with water fowl during the winter 
months and the hunter who is not afraid of having his head turned by 
the quantity and variety of game, will find a winter's hunt in Texas to 
be one of the things to revert to with pleasure in after years. 



PRELIMINARY NOTICE OF PROJECTED LOCAL OR 
SPECIAL LEGISLATION. 



Attention is called to the following provision of the Constitution : 
Article III — Legislative Department — Section 57. No local or special 
law shall be passed, unless notice of the intention to apply therefor 



it 

7til Month..! JULY: begins on Thursday; has 31 days. 



[1880. 



.Mi)i).N'S PHASES. ST. LUl'IS, MISSOll:!. 

New Moon 7th yh. 20m. Morning. 

First Quarter 15th oh. 15m. Morning. 

Full Moon 2ist 3h. im. Aftetnoon. 

Last Quarter ] 28th sh. 39m. Afternoon. 



CHICAGO, ILLINOIS. 

7th 7h. 31m. Morning. 

15th oh. 26m. Morning. 

2ist 3h. 12m. Afternoon. 

28th 5h. 50m. Afternoon. 



as 


H ! 


» 


^ .' 




& 1 




° 1 




»K 




•4 


a 





ASPECTS OF PLANSTS, 
EVENTS, Etc. 



CALENDAR FOB 
Texas. 



CALENSAS 
Mis<iOUri. 



.Sim I suu 

©!© 

nsesisuts. 



ITliur 
2Frid. 
3 Sat. 

4 o 

5Mon. 
6 T lies 
7AVecl, 
SThur 
OFrid. 
10 Sat. 

lli^P 
12Mon. 

13 Tues 

14 Wed. 
15Thiir 
lOFrid. 
17 Sat. 
181 C 
lOMon. 
20;Tue.s 
2l!Wed. 
22Thur 
23Frid. 
24 Sat. 
25, C 
26iMon. 
27 Tues j 
28Wed. 
29Thur 
SOFrid. 

31S;lt. 



Bat. Malvern Hill. 1SG2. 

tj ris. U-32. [;^(v)ai)()gee. 

[4 — Monroe died. l.s;}l. 

Aduuis & Jelfer.son d. 182G 

"3 apogee. J) r. h. 24°35'X. 

Spiea sets 11-18, 9])^ 
.! 9 ris. 4-32; -^.^.0-29.9 ^i D 

^ gr. el. 2G°21' E. 

Taylor d. -50. ^ c5 5 lLn0 

% 6 j)[ll^.Q.Ada'sl).17u; 

?th Siindny after Trinify. 

prises 11-24'; Ij rises 11-51. 

Antares S. S-54. 9 sup. ^ 

Bastile destroyed, 1789. 

Areturus sets 1-24. 

5 aphelion Vega S. 10-53. 

9 sets 7-30. % sets 0-G. 
SthS.af.T. ])r.l. 24^34' S. 

AltairS. 11-53. 

5 perigee. DQ IjD© 

0stat. BullKtni.l.siil. 

B;it. Atlanta, 1SG4. 
iBunkcr Hill Mon. 1844. 

9 perihelion. ;^ ris. 10-35. 

9th S. af. Tnn. St. J::ines. 

Fomaliiarst rises, 10-2G. 

Ocean cable, ISGG. H i"^ 

\2 gr. hel. lat. S. \i 6 ^ 

I7 rises 10-15 ; 9 ^'Pts 7-32. 

Wi ■ 



illian died 1718 
Markab rises 7-28 



P. 2-28. 



397 
40,7 
40/ 
41,7 
417 
41i7 
427 
427 
43/7 

4rl7 

447 

45:7 

457 

4G7 

46|7 

47i7 

4817 

48,7 

4917 

507 

507 

517 

27 

537 

4 537 

4 547 

4 557 

4 56j7 

4 5717 

4 58|7 

4 597 



rises 
& sots 



rises 



r.in'ii 
21 18 
20 4S 

20 1 25 
19 2 7! 
19 2 54! 
19} 3 4G 
18| sets.; 
18 8 10 



8 41 

9 8 
9 33 

1510 ll 
1510 28 

1410 5S 

1411 33 
13nio'n 



Sun 
sets. 



Clock 
faster 
than 
.Sun. 

© 



biin's 

© 
De- 

clina- 
tiou. 



M's 



High 
water 
at 
New 
Ilav'n 
Ct. 



307 
307 
317 
31[7 
327 
327 
337 
337 
34 7 
34 7 
357 
367 
3G7 
4 37 7 
^38 7 
4 387 



15 

1 5! 

2 gI 

3 15 

rises.! 



7 49 

8 22' 

8 51 

9 17 
9 47 

510 17 
4i0 4:» 
311 24 
2!no"n! 
ll 4 



39i7 
407 



41 
42 
42 
43 

4 44 

4 45 

4 4G 

4 

4 

4 

4 

4 



47 
48 
4!) 7 
507 
517 



'4 517 9: 



s. North' 
4123 4« 
5223 

3,22 55| 
1422 50 n 
2422 43 
3422 37 25 
4422 30; 
5322 23 

222 1GSI 
1122 81 
1922 On^ 
26:21 51 1 
3321 43=0= 
4021 34 
46,21 24 
5l'21 14n\, 
56|21 41 

20 53 / 

420 42 

720 311^ 
IOI20 19, 
12,20 Ita 
1419 55 
15 19 42 X 
15,19 29 
1519 15 T 
1419 2 
13!l8 48 
11:18 33 

918 19 

5;18 4n 



aft. 

6 38 

7 33 

8 29 

9 20 
10 10 



6 10 52 



11 33 

nio'n 

17 

55 



31 

8 



2 50 

3 36 

4 27 

5 25 

6 31 

7 42 

8 53 

9 58 
27110 53 
1211 44 
26af. 33 



8 



1 17 

1 56 

2 40 

3 25 

4 13 

5 4 

6 2 
6 57 



slmll have been published in the locality where the matter or thing to be 
affected may be situated, which notice shall state the substance of the 
contemplated law, §,nd shall be published at least thirty days prior to 
the introduction into the Legislature of such bill and in the manner to 
be provided by law. Tlie evidence of such notice having been pub- 
lished shall be exhibited in the Legislature before such act shall be 
passed. 



THE OFFICIAL OATH AND ELECTION BRIBERY. 



» » • ♦• 



The Constitution of Texas prescribes an oath to be taken by " mem- 
bers of the Legislature and all officers before they enter upon the duties 
of their office." The oath is as follows: 

I, ( ), do solemnly swear, (or affirm), that I will faithfully 



8th Month.] AUGUST: begins on Sunday; has 31 days. [1880. 



moon's phases. 

New Moon 

First Quarter 

Full Moon 

Last Quarter 



ST. LOl^, MISSOUEI. 

5th gh. 47m. Evening. 

13th 5h. 41m. Morning. 

igth iih. 17m. Evening. 

27th loh. 14m. Morning. 



CHICAGO, ULIXOIS. 

5th gh. 58m. Evening. 

13th 5h. 52m. Morning. 

19th lib. 28m. Evening. 

i7th loh. 25m. Morning. 



ASPECTS OF PLANETS, 
EVENTS, Etc. 



CALENDAR FOR 


CALENEAK 1 


Texas. 


Missouri. 


Snn 


Snn 


Moon 

® 


Snu 


Sun 1 


!© 


© 


© 


Cd 


rises 


sets. 


yiets |»se^ 


sets. 



Clocl: 

I'listei 
than 
Suu. 

© 



1 c 

2'Mon. 

Tiies 
4 Wed. 

Tlmr 

Frid. 

S;it. 

O 
Mon. 
Tues 
Wed. 
Thur 



10 
11 
12 
13 Frid. 



Sat. 
C 



16 Mon. 



17Tiies 

18 Wed. 

19 Thur 

20 Frid. 
2l'Sat. 
22^ C 
23'Mon. 
24Tues 
25Wed. 
26Thur 

27 Frid. 

28 Sat. 
29| C 
30Mon. 
31|Tues 



! T) apogee. Em'nc. W. I. 'as.j 
[1— Jriins high 24''32']Sr. 
Pres. Day h"n 1773. J)^ 
lAlgenib rise.s 8-24. 
I ^ inf. 6© % sets 8-21. 
i ^ or. hclTlat. S. <^ 6D 
Ant arcs S. 7-15; sets 11-42 
11th Sund. af. Tnii. i^^stat. 
Wiillini'ford tornado, 78. 
:ygr.hel.l::t.S. 
\2 Stat. Vega S. 9-10. 
il rises 9-25. Tj rises 9-50. 
Altair S. 10-16 ; sets 4-50. 1 
])r.l.,24°2.s'S. ^st;;t.* ! 
12th S.af. Trin. 9gr.h.l.N.: 
Laf;iyet'tearrived.'^'24. j) Q^ 
]) perigee. 9 ^'ts 7-33. 
Beattie died, 1S03. 
-^ sets 8-7. 2/i'ii?es 8-54, 
Fomalhaiitr. 9-i4; S. 1-54 
Richard III. killed. 1485. 
13th Sunday after Tnnity. 
9 gr. el. 18°21' Vf. 216 1) 
St. Bartholomew. 
5 Q [22— Pres. Day d. "07. 
[2S— AVashin'n hurned,'14. 
h rises, 8-51. sets 10-14.' 
j) r. h. 24°22' X. [29- ^ i^er. 
14fhS.af. Trin. ]) apogee.' 
Paley horn, 1743. ^y | 
Markabr.5-29E.; S. 1-21. ! 



I 0'7 

' lis 

i 2,0 

. 3:0 

i 36 

. 4!6 

I 56 

. 6;6 

> 8,6 
I 96 
' 10,6 
i 11,6 
i 12,6 

> 136 
■ 14|6 

156 

ig;6 

176 
186 
206 
21 '6 
226 
236 
246 
2.56 
276 
286 
296 
306 
316 
330 



UK.ra.j 

49 4 

1 40 4 

2 35 4 

3 33 4 

4 3414 
sets. !!4 

7 39, i4 
"5 





59 

58 

57 

57 

5G 

55 

54 

52 

51 

50 

49 

4810 59; 5 

4711 54['5 

4Gmo"ivi5 



8 31 

9 2 
9 35 

10 13 5 



7 4 
7 3 

7 2 
7 T 

7 
6 58 

6 57| 

6 561 

G 55 

6 5 54 

8 6 52 



5715 

2 71:5 

3 21 5 

4 35'5 
rises.! 5 



7 15|i5 

7 48, '5 

8 17ii5 

8 48 [5 

9 22 5 
3340 15 
3210 44 !5 
31 11 33 5 
30nio"n'5 
291 2G,i5 
27 1 23:15 



6 51| 
6 50 
6 40 
6 47 
6 40 
6 45; 
6 44 
6 42 
6 41 
6 40 
6 39 



23 6 37 

24 6 3G 
2.-,6 35 
27 6 33 
28i6 32 
2916 3^. 



111. 
6 '^ 
5 58 
5 53 



■un's 

de- 
clina- 
tion. 



M's 



sign. 



Xortlil 
17 49n 
17 '6iqz> 

17 17| 



High 
water 

at 

New 

Hav'n. 

Ct. 



5 47 
5 41 
5 35 



17 1 
16 45 SI 
16 28 
16 11 tTO 
15 54 ^ 
15 37 
15 19 
15 1 
4 43 14 43 
4 32,14 25 
4 2014 6 
4 8 13 47 
3 56 13 28 
3 43il3 9 
3 3012 SOksc 
3 1642 30 
3 2I12 lOix 
2 47ill 50| 
2 31 11 30 7» 
2 IGU 9 
2 010 49 
1 4310 28 
1 2G,10 
1 9| 9 46 
9 25 
9 3 
8 42 
8 20 



alt. 
20 7 58 

2 8 54 
14 9 44 
26il0 29 

8,11 7 
21I1I 47 

3nio'n 
1C| 27 
1 4 

1 41 

2 22 

3 10 

4 5 

5 8 

6 19 

7 33 

8 43 

9 45 

10 37 

11 20 



51 
33 
fo. 15 
si. 3 



SS 



if. 5 
47 



1 26 

2 5 

2 50 

3 38 

4 33 

5 25 

6 26 

7 2G 

8 22 



and impartially discharge and perform all the duties incumbent upon 

me as , according to the best of my skill and abilit}', agreeably 

to the Constitution and laws of the United States and of this State ; and 
I do further solemnly swear, (or affirm), that since the adoption of the 
Constitution of this State, I, being a citizen of this State, have not 
fought a duel with deadly weapons, within this State nor out of it ; nor 
have I sent or accepted a challenge to fight a duel with deadly weapons, 
nor have I acted as second in carrying a challenge, or aided, advised or 
assiste I any person thus offending. And I furthermore solemnly swear, 
(or affirm), that I have not directly, nor indirectly, offered or promised 
to pay, contributed, nor promised to contribute, any money, or valuable 
thing, or i)romised any pul)lic office or employment, as a reward for the 
giving or withholding a vote at the election at which I was elected (or 
if the office is one of appointment, to secure my appointment.) So 
help me God. 



9th Month..! SEPTEMBER: begins on Wednesday; has 30 days. [1880. 



.MOOX'S I'll ASK!*. 

New Moon 

First Quarter 

Full Moon 

Last Quarter 



4th loh. 51m. Morning. 

nth oh. 24m. Afternoon. 

18th gh. 28m. Morning. 

36th sh. 8m. Morning. 



CHICAGO, ILMNcllS. 

4th Ilh. 2m. Morning. 

nth oh. 34m. Afternoon. 

i8th gh. 3gm. Morning. 

25th 5h. iSm. Morning. 



ASPECTS OF PLANETS, 
EVENTS, Etc. 



CALEHDAB 

Texas 


FOK 


rist'S suis. 


Moon 

@ 
vises 
j sets' 



CALENDAB 
Mi saouri. 

Sun Sun 

©I© 

nsesiSets. 



IClock 

Islo'r 
j than 
i Sun. 

© 



IWed. 
2Thur 
SFritl. 
4Sat. 

I G 
eiMon. 
TiTues 
8Wecl. 
9Thur 
lOFrid. 
llSat. 
12 C 
ISlMon. 
14Tues 
15[Wed. 
IG.Thur 
17|Frid. 
18,Sat. 
19 C 
20;Mon. 
21iTiiei= 
22Wed. 
23|Thur 
^Frid. 
25, Sat. 
26! C 
•27Mon. 
28T11CS 
29iWed. 
SOThur 



Dapocroo. h 6(2> 

'J,sets7-12; 2/i'i».^ "-•". 
Gale in Conn., ls-2\. 
Fahrenheit died, 1770. ; 
1.5th S. af. Trin. ^ % 6 D \ 

Ve<ra IS. 7-29. 
Boston sefd. 1630. <^ (^ % 
Altair S. 8-2S ; scl.s 3-0. 

^crr.h,l.N. >2ns..8-0. 
FoniUi. ris. 7-21 ; S. 11-30- 

])rnnslow, 24°14'S. 

16th Sund. af. Trin. J) ^ I 

]) peri^^ee. 9 '^^^■*' 6-56. j 
Humboldt born, 1769. I 

MarkabS. 11-18. 
Moscow burned, 1812^ ■ 
Bat. Antietani. 1802. 

% sets 6-34. [17- $< sup. cf© 
Bat. Winchester, 18(i4. 
Al^enib. S. 0-9. 116D i 
St. Matthew, li d J) I 

{v) d2= Yeofa S. 6. 25. 
[iZri.ses6-29; S. 0-53. 

h S. 1-31. [25— ]) apogee. 

;j)r. h. 24°7'X. :2/perih. 
mhSun. af. Tnn. J) 9? 
Strasbourg fell, 1870. 
Altair S. 7-13; sets 1-38. 
St. Michael. All Angels. 

12 rises 8^3; g sets 6-38. 



3^6 261 
3'i t; 25 
3(rG 24 
38,(j 22 
30 6 21 
406 20 
41 16 19 
426 18 
44j6 16 
45 6 15 

4m 14 

47!6 13 

48;6 12; 

506 10 
516 9 
52 6 



6 
06 
15 59 
2|5 58 
4^5 .56 

5 5 55 

6 5 54 

7 5 53 
9 5 51 

lO'o 50 



2 22 5 

3 24 5 

4 26 j5 
sets. I 5 

6 36 5 

7 5 '5 

7 3s 5 

8 16 5 

8 5S;|5 

9 50 '5 

10 49 5 

11 55 5 
aio'n 5 

1 5 5 

2 17 

3 2S 5 

4 3GJ:5 
rises. 1 5 

6 IG 5 

6 47 5 

7 17 5 

7 57, 6 

8 39 6 

9 26|j6 

10 17 6 

11 .13 6 
mo*n 6 

11'6 

1 10' 6 

2 n(6 



31 '0 29 
32G 2S 
33,G 27; 
35i6 25 
366 24 
3S6 22' 
3;H) 21 
40;G 2(1 
42i6 IS 
43:G 17 
446 IG 



46 

47 

48 

7 15 50 

51 

53 

54 

55 

5 

58 



1 

2 

4 

5 



6 14 
6 13 
6 12 
10 
6 9 
6 7 
6 6 
6 5 
6 3 
6 2, 

59 

5 58 
56 
55 
53' 



8 

10,5 50 
I1I5 49i 



22 

41 

1 1 

1 20 

1 40 

2 
2 20 

2 41 

3 1 
3 22 

3 43 

4 4 
4 25 

4 4 

5 8 
5 29 

5 50 

6 11 
6 33 



Sun'f 

£ 

'■li na- 
tion. 



M'8 



N.&->.| 

7 58 St 
7 361 
7 14 
6 52Tt)j 
6 29! 
6 7=2= 
5 45! 
5 22;nt 



High 

water 

at 

Ninv 
Ilav'n 

Ct. 



alt. 

9 12 

9 58 

10 39 

12111 15 

25|11 58 

9nio'n 



6 54 45 

7 15^-. 22 
7 3(J S. 2 



50j 

3g|/ 

14 

51>J 

29 

411"" 
1.^ 

45 X 
32 

T 



15 8 27 



7 56 

8 1 
8 38 

8 58 

9 18 
9 38 
9 67 

10 16 



25 n 

48 

1 12 
1 35 

1 59 

2 22 

2 45 

3 59 



25 



SI 



38 

1 19 

2 2 

2 55 

3 55 

5 1 

6 13 

7 23 



9 23 
10 13 

10 51 

11 34 
af. 17 

57 

1 37 

2 19 

3 15 

4 
4J>4 

5 51 
301 6 48 
13 7 42 
251 8 37 



The laws of the State provide that if any person shall, by hril)ery, 
menace, willful falsehood, or other corrupt means, directly or indirectly 
attempt to influence anj' elector in this State in giving his vote, or In- 
duce him to withhold the same, he shall he lial)le to a fine of not less 
than one hundred nor more than five hundred dollars, and be imjiris- 
oned in the couiity jail for a period of six months, and be ineligible for 
any office for the term of two years. 



YELLOW FEVER EPIDEMICS. 



The following are tlie statistics of 3'ellow fever epidemics for Galves- 
ton, from the foundation of the city, the population and mortality for 
the first three years being estimated, as there were no actual records of 



1 0th Month.] OCTOBER: begins on Friday; has 31 days. [1880. 



MOOX'S PHASES. 

New Moon 

First Quarter 

Full Moon 

Last Quarter 



ST. LUUIS, ^ilSSOL'KI. 

3d loh. 42m. Evening. 

loth 6h. 34m. Evening. 

t7th loh. 2501. Evening. 

26th oh. 59m. Morning. 



CniCA(j.(J, LlLlNc.ilS. 

3d loh. 53m. Evening. 

loth 6h. 45m. Evening. 

17th lob. 36m. Evening. 

26th ih. xom. Morning-. 



ASPECTS OP PLANETS. 
EVENTS, Etc. 



CALENDAB FOB 


CALENDAB 


Texas. 


Missouri. 


Snn 


Sun 


Moon 

• 


Snn 


Snn 


© 


© 


m 


0=) 


vises 


^'^t*-i'sk«| 


rises 


sets. 

1 



Clock 
slo'r 
than 
Sun. 

© 



© 

De- 
clina- 
tion. 



M's 



.sign. 



High 

water 

at 

Xew 
Hav'ri 



1 Frid. 

2 Sat. 

3 C 
4Mon. 
5Tiies 
6 Wed. 
7Thur 

8 Frid. 

9 Sat. 

10 C 

11 Mon. 
12Tues 
ISAVed. 
MThur 
15Frid. 

16 Sat. 

17 C 
18|Mon. 
19Tues 
2(^Wed. 
21Thur 
22 Frid. 
25 Sat. 
M. C 
25Mon. 
26Tiies 
27Wed. 
28Tliur 
29 Frid. 
30Sat. I 
31| C I 



Fomalliaut r. G-0 ; S. 10-11 
First Railroad, l!S33. ^ ^ 
19th S. af. Tdn. [4-^ (^ ]) 
'J, sets 5-56; 2/rises o-42. 
3Iarkab S. 10-0. ^ ? 6 J) 
Aly-enib S. 11-i. 
%'a® [^3)r.l.. 23°59'S. 
]) pengee. 2/ S. 11-42. 
Cliicago burned. "71. 3 ^ 
20th Sunday after Tnniiy. 
7 stars ris, 6-49 ; S. 2-15. 
5 aphelion. I2 S. 0-12. 
i^ rises 5-39 ; 9 sets 6-29. 
Penn born, 1644. 
Catholic New Style, 1582. 
X. Webster born, 1758. 
21st Sund. af. Tnn. USD 
St. Luke. l?(^3)-c?© 
Cornwallis sur, 1781. 
Altair S. 5-47 : sets 0-21. 
% rises 6-23 M. 2/ S. 10-45. 
Fomalh, S. 8-45; sets 0-46. 
D apogee. J)'^ [25-^ ^ J) 
22d Sunday after Trinity. 
r24-D. Webster died. 1852. 
bS. 11-12; sets 5-43 M. 
iMetz taken, 1870. 
Saints Simon and Jnde. 
jMarkab S. 8-25 ; sets 3-20. 
:[31 — Virginius seized, '73. 
'^Sd Sunday after Trinity. 



115 
125 
145 
155 
165 
175 
18|5 
205 
215 
225 
245 
255 
26'5 
275 
295 
305 
315 
325 
345 
35|5 
36i5 
375 
385 
395 
415 
42^5 
43'5 
445 
45:5 
47|5 
485 



iiiiuru. i 
491 3 14; 6 
48 4 17|,6 
46] 5 23.6 
45jsets. ' 6 
44! 6 14' 6 
43i 6 5616 



7 45i 6 

8 44 6 

9 49 |6 
10 5816 



mo II 



42 

40 
39 
38 
36 
35 
34 
33 
31 
30 
29 
28rise.s 



5 54 

6 34 

7 19 



9 3 

10 
1910 57 
18,11 .57 
17 mo'n 



59; 

2 

3 4 

4 1016 



125 
13|5 
155 

165 
185 
195 
215 
22^5 
2315 
255 
26[5 
275 
295 
305 
325 
335 
345 
365 
37:5 
3S;5 
405 
415 
435 
445 
455 
475 
485 
495 
505 
525 
535 



South 
3 32 



55 
19 
42 
5 
28 
51 
6 14 
6 37 

6 59 

7 22 

7 44 

8 7 
8 29 



"K 



m. 



V5 



X 



8| 9 20 
2110 6 

4 10 47 
18; U 28 

2 mo'n 



8 51 

9 13|'Y' 

9 35 
9 57 « 

10 19 

10 40 

11 in 

11 23 
42111 4405 
4942 4| 
5512 251 



16 

1 3 

1 51 

2 49 

3 50 

4 54 


59 
1 



6 
6 
8 

8 55 

9 43 
10 26 

2:11 5 
14!ll 4S 
27 a f. 31 

9 1 13 



12 46 St 

13 6 
13 26 rm 

13 46 

14 5 

14 25 ri 



1 54 

2 40 

3 2^ 

4 19 

5 la 

6 3 

6 56 

7 48- 

8 41 

9 31 



either population or deaths. The small population in 1864 resulted 
from the number drav/n from the cit}'^ by the war. 



Year. 


When recognized. 


Population. 


Deaths. 


1839 


Sept. 20.... 


1,000 

4,000 

G.OOO 

8,01)0 

8,000 

10,000 

10,000 

5,000 

22,000 


■''oO 


1844 


July 5 


400 


1847 


Oct. 1 


200 


1853 


Au<Tust 9.. 


535 


1854 




404 


1858 


Auo'ust 28 .. 


376 


1859 


Sept 17 . 


182 


1864 


Sept. 1 


259 


1867 


July 28 . 


1150 









In 1873 a fatal type of yellow fever appeared at Shreveport and was 
carried to a few cities in Texas. Though Houston and Galveston, and 
indeed, every city that had suffered in 1867 escaped. The experience 



I Ith Month..! NOVEMBER : begins on Monday; has 30 days. [1880. 



jmon's ruA>;i:.s. j J'T. louis, Missorin. 

New Moon ad gh. 54m. Morning. 

First Quarter gth ah. 19m. Morning. 

Full Moon l6th ah. 38m. Afternoon. 

Last Quarter 24th 8h. 4m. Evening. 



CIIKA(;0, ILLlNOl:^. 

2d loh. 5m. Morning. 

gth 2h. 30m. Morning. 

i6th 2h. 4gm. Afternoon. 

24th 8h. 15m. Evening. 



ASPECTS OF PLANETS, 
EVENTS, Etc. 



CALENSAS FOB 
Texas. 



I© 
irises 



© 

sets. 



Moou, 



vises 
& sets 



CALENDAR 
Missouri. 



Sun Sun 

©I© 

risesisets. 



Clock 
slo'r 
than 

Sun. 

© 



Suii'i- 



M's 



sign. 



IliKh 

water 

at 

New 
Ilav'u 

Ct. 



l3Ion. 
2Tues 
3 Wed. 
4,Thur 
5'Frid. 
6&at. 

7| O 

SLMon. 

9Tue.s 



10 Wed. 

11 Thur 
12Frid. 
13 Sat. 
141 C 
loMon. 
16Tue.s 
17|Wed. 
ISThur 
19Frid. 
20 Sat. 



Mon.l 
Tues! 
Wed.l 
Thur 
Frid..! 
Sat 

Mon.l 
TuesI 



AllSts. [•2-5<riM4.23°14'E. 
^gr. liel. lat. S. % 6D 
[4— 3) runs low, 23°41)' S. 
J) perigee. 9 ^^^s 6-27. 
Powder Plot, IGOo. 
Algenib. S. 9-2 ; sets 3-57. 
24ih Sand. af. Trin. 
% ris. G-13 M. 11 S. 9-27. 
7 stars south. 0-?4. 
Charter hid. 1G87. 
Aldebaran rises 6-8. 
Atlanta evacuated, 1864. 
Meteors, 1833. 116^ 
Charrolldied, 18;,'. 
TZ sets 3-10 [13-:; ' '• 
[14- 9 aphelion, i^ J 3 
Vega sets 11-28. 
]) runs high. 18°46'X. 
Altair sets 10-20. ]) y 
1) apogee, h 8.9-27. 
26th Sun. af. Trin. 
h f^ets 6-48 M. 9 sets 6-45. 
prises 68 M. ^ inf. (^(v) 
Markah S. 6-32; sets 1-37. 
5 perihelion. 2/ S. 8-17. 
Fomalhaut S. 6-28. % 95 
:y sets 2-24; bS. 8-54. 
1st Sund. in Advent. ^ <^ '^ 
Greeley died, 1S72. 
St. Anflrew. ^6 1) 



:6 49 5 

'6 505 
6 51J5 
6 525 
[6 535 
;6 54J5 
6 55,5 
|6 5G!5 

i!^ ^.^ 
6 5S;5 

16 59 5 



r.in'i 
5 20: 6 
sets.' 6 

5 37 |6 

6 34 6 

7 37 6 

8 48, i7 

9 59 7 
4111 10l7 
3 nio'ni 7 



54|5 
555 
565 
585 



05 
14 



94 
9:4 
104 
114 
124 
124 
1314 
144 
15'4 
15l4 



18 

1 24 

2 28; 

3 32 

4 35,7 

5 37 :7 
rises.p7 

5 12,,7 

6 27 

6 54.j7 

7 50 7 

8 48117 



9 47 

5U|10 45 

4[l|ll 45 
4^ ino'n 



46 

1 49 7 

2 59 7 

4 o;;7 

5 18 7 



59 



1 

2 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 

ll 

194 

204 
214 
224 
224 
234 
244 



s.houtli] 
1914 44-= 



15 3 in, 
15 211 
15 40 f 

15 58 
12|16 16 VJ 
816 34| 
316 5lbj- 
58,17 8 
5117 25K 
4417 41| 
36;17 57 T 



I aft. 
2710 20 
1111 Q 
20 uio'n 



49,, 14 
48 14 
47^ 14 
46 14 
451114 
44; 13 
43|jl3 
42! 13 
41 42 
40 12 
39 1 12 
381 ill 
38' 41 
37,111 
361 llO 



18 13 
18 28 
18 44 

18 59 

19 13 n 

3019 27 
16il9 41 

219^65 
4620 8 

3020 21 



?5 



SI 



"^ 



20 33 
20 45 

20 56 

21 8 

21 19!:ii= 

21 29 
21 39n\, 
•21 48! 





53 

1 45 

2 41 

3 40 

4 38 

5 36 

6 34 

7 29 

8 21 

9 11 
9 58 

10 41 

11 22 
af. 8 

50 



31 

12 

56 

41 

27 

16 

8 

3 

8 

8 59 

9 57 



of that and previous years satisfied most of the people of Texas that the 
fever could be kept out by a rigid quarantine. Such a system of quaran- 
tine has been established ; and the fever kept out in 1878 and again in 
1879 ; and we have little fear of the disease in the future. 



REMEDY FOR COTTON WORMS. 



Professor C. V. Riley, appointed by the Agricultural Bureau at 
Washington to investigate the cotton worm so destructive occasional!}^ 
to our crops, spent the summer of 1879 in Texas. In reference to the 
best means of destroying this insect the Professor says : 

That, while satisfied of the efficacy of paris green, from indubitable 
testimon}-, the planters wanted something cheaper and something less 



12th Month.] DECEMBER: begins on Wednesday ; has 31 days. [1880. 



moon's PHASES. I ST. LOUIS, MISSOUItl . 

New Moon ' ist 8h. 55m. Evening. 

First Quarter ! 8th oh. 37m. Afternoon. 

Full Moon i6th gh. 35m. Morning. 

Last Quarter j 24th oh. 56m. Afternoon. 

New Moon 32St 7h. 55m. Morning. 



CHICAGO, LILINOIS. 

1st gh. 6m. Evening. 

8th oh. 48m. Afternoon. 

i6th gh. 45m. Morning. 

24th ih. 6m. Afternoon. 

31st 8h. 6m. Morning. 



ASPECTS OF PLANETS, 
EVENTS, Etc. 



CALEKDAB FOB 
Texas. 



Sun 




Sun 



Moon 



sets & 
rises. 



CALENDAB 
Missouri. 



Snu .'^un 

© © 

rises sets. 



Clock 
slo'r 
aud 
faster 
than 
Sun. 

© 



un's 

i. 

clina- 
tion. 



M's 



Hi?h 

water 

at 

New 
Hav'a 

Ct. 



IWed. 



2 Thill- 
's Frid. 

4 Sat. 

5 C 

6Mon. 
7Taes 
8 Wed. 
9Thur 
lOFrid. 

11 Sat. 

12 C 
13Mon. 
14Tues 
15 Wed. 
16Thiir 
ITFrid. 
18 Sat. 

19| C 

20Mon. 

21Tues 

22,Wed., 

23iThiir 

24iFrid. 

25Sat. 

26! G 

27Mon. 

2S;rues 

29,Wed. 

30Thiir 

SliFiid 



I 

\Habeus Corjms, 1865. 
1 5 perigee. ])r. 1., 23°46' S. 
1 \ sets 2-2. ^ Stat. D Q, 
I % Stat. 9 sets 8-7. 
^'2d Sund. in Advent. ^^ D© 
^g.h.l.N. 9gr.hel. lat.Sj 
Algenib S. 7-0; sets 1-51. < 
% rises 6 M. -^ S. 7-25. 
Aldebai-an S. 11-13. 
7 stars S. 10-17. 11 6 J) 
^ gr. el. 21°5' W. Ij ^5 ]) 
3d Sund. in Advent. 
Insets 1-22. \2 S. 7-54. 
Washington died. 1799. 
3 runs high. 23°46' N. 
Tea Destroyed, 1773. 3 ?? 
Capella North, 11-21. 
]) apogee. ^ stationary. 
\4th Sund. in Advent. 
h sets 1-53. $ sets 8^2, 
'0 ys St. Thomas. 
Pilgrims, 1620. 
Yel. & Ell. S. 11-13. ^ ti% 
Tliackeray died, 1873. 
Christmas, h Stationary. 
% rises 5-.55 M. ^ S. 0-17. 
Rigel S. 10-42. 5?S Sd3) 
iSiriiis rises 7-1; 870-9. 
Jrunslow, 23°46'S 



164 44 
174 43 
174 43 
184 42 
184 41 
194 41 
194 41|11 16 
19 4 41 mo'n 



sets. 7 

5 18 7 

6 26, 7 

7 43 7 



8 56 
10 7 



204 40 
204 40 
204 40 
214 39 
214 39 
214 39 
214 39 



21 

1 26 

2 28 

3 30 

4 31 

5 29 

6 24 



214 39rises 
224 38 5 43 
224 38 



D a [31- D perigee. :^n©|7 
[Jan. 1, 1881 — ^perigee, ft 



224 38 
224 38 
224 38 
224 38 
2214 38 
224 38 
224 38 
224 38 
214 39 
21,4 39 
214 39 
214 39 
204 40 



6 40 

7 40 

8 36 

9 36 

10 35 

11 36 
mo'n 

36 

1 45 

2 54 

4 5 

5 14 

6 19|7 
sets. I 7 



25|4 35' 
254 35 
2(14 34 
264 34 
274 33 
284 32 
28|4 32' 
294 31' 
294 31 
294 31 
304 30 
304 30 
304 30 
314 29 
314 29 
314 29; 
314 29 
314 29 
324 28; 
324 28, 



32 

32 

32 

31 

31 

31 

31 

31 

30 

304 30| 

304 30 



outhl 
10 29121 58 
10 522 6 
9 4122 15 
9 16 22 23 
8 5122 30! 
8 25 22 37 
7 5922 441 
7 3222 50| 
7 522 55 
6 38'23 
6 1023 5 
5 41 23 9 
5 1323 13 
« 4523 17 
4 1522 20 
4623 22 
1723 24 
4723 26 
17123 27 
47i23 27 
23 27 



3 

3 

2 

2 

1 

1 17 

47 
si. 18 
fa. 12 

42 



23 27 
23 26 
23 25 
23 23 



19 

H 4 

19 

A*V J. 

18 

X 2 

16 

29 

cyj 12 

I 25 

8 8 

20 

n 2 

14 

26 

Z5 7 

19 

SI 1 
13 
25 

vm 7 
20 



1 1223 21 

1 4223 18 

2 11 23 15 

2 4023 11 

3 923 7| 
3 38l23 2 



eve. 

10 51 

11 47 
mo'n 

43 

1 35 

2 25 

3 18 

4 11 

5 3 

5 58 

6 53 

7 47 

8 41 

9 30 

10 19 

11 1 
11 44 
af. 27 

1 6 

1 44 

2 21 

3 3 
3 47 



-- 2, 4 34 
W 5 27 
29' 6 24 

rci 13; 7 28 
27 8 33 

/ 12' 9 40 
27,10 39 

Vf 1211 21 



dangerous. He was of opinion that it was already in our powAir to re- 
duce the cost of killing the cotton worm bj arsenical preparations one- 
half to two-thirds by the use of London jiurple, one pound of which 
costing about six cents, in a barrel of water, can be more effectually 
sprinkled or sprayed on the plants than paris green water, by virtue of 
its greater fineness and solubility. It is a refuse obtained in the man- 
ufacture of analine dyes, and consists chiefly of lime combined with 
arsenical and coal oil properties — all excellent insecticides. The remedy 
of the future must be thrown in minimum quantity on the lower sur- 
face of the leaves, as three objects are thereby obtained, namel}' : first, 
the destruction of the young worm before it gets a chance to do much 
injury, as it at first feeds on the lower side of the larger leaves ; second, 
the destruction of the young boll worm, which also at fir.'^t feeds on tlie 
under side of the leaves ; third, the prevention of the upi>licatiou being 
washed off by rains. 



TEXAS COMPARED WITH OTHER STATES. 



Perhaps we cannot better give the reader an impression of the m:i<T- 
nitude of Texas than by instituting a camparison with other States. 

First as to size. — The area of Texas is larger than the states of Vir- 
ginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, 
Tennessee and Louisiana. It covers eleven degrees of Latitude and thir- 
teen and a half of Longitude, and contains one hundred and seventy-five 
Millions of acres of land, — or about four acres to every man, woman and 
child in all the United States. 

Its measurement with nortliern areas is hardly less startling. The 
area of all the eastern and middle states, including Maryland and Dela- 
ware, is a 100,000 square miles less than Texas. You must add to 
New England, New York, Pennsylvania and all the middle states, Ohio 
and Indiana, to make up its sum. Take a few other figures. From 
Denison, 3 miles from the northern line, to Galveston, on the gulf of 
Mexico, is about the same distance as from Boston to Washington ; while 
from Texarkana, the most eastern town, to the extreme western point 
on the Rio Grande, is over 600 miles — as far as from New York to Cin- 
cinnati. The territory of this empire can be set forth in still another 
fonn. Massachusetts contains 7.800 square miles ; Texas 275,000, neai- 
ly, or 35 times the area of Massachusetts. It is six tmes as large as New 
York ; seven time as large as Ohio ; four times as large as all New Eng- 
land ; 200 Rhode Islands could be placed within her limits and have 
room for a dozeji more. The great west we have had dinged in our ears 
for half a century, meaning thereby the western states east of the Mis- 
sissippi — Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin and Mieliigan — their bounti- 
ful area falls short of the area of Texas by some 40,000 square miles, or 
another state as big as Ohio. If you cross the Mississippi, you must put 
Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa and Minnesota togetlier to catch up with Texas. 
Thus it will be seen that this single state is more than half the whoK' 
old slave territory ; more than half the old free territory east of the JNIis- 
souri ; or almost a fourth the rest of the United States, as they were or- 
ganized at the l)eginning of the war, east of the Rocky Mountains ; 
more than one-fourth, if you subtract Nebraska and Kansas from the 
group. If we lay Texas five times over, it will more than cover all the 
rest of the United States from Dakota and Colorado to tlie Atlantic 
shore. 

23 



24 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

Secondly. -^Its capabilities of sustaining a ce ise population are equal- 
ly startling: — The population of Ohio at the last census was two million 
six hundred and sixty-six thousand. Texas at the same ratio, could 
contain over eighteen millions. New York had a population above four 
milUon four hundred thousand. At that ratio Texas could contain over 
twenty-six millions. Massachusetts had nearly a million and a half 
Texas would have, at the same rate, over fifty one millions. That is had 
Texas been as populous as Massachusetts, it would have had ten million 
more inhabitants at the last census than were in all the United States, 
and itself increased our population to almost a hundred millions. 

Thirdly. — Live Stock. — According to the report of the department of 
Agriculture for 1877, Texas had 4,183,305 head of cattle — including 
milch cows — more than twice as many as any other state in the union,^ 
and more than all the states lying on the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlan- 
tic Ocean as far north as Maryland. 

According to the best estimates the number of cattle driven out of 
Texas during the past ten j^ears was as follows : 

1869 350,000. 187-4 166,000 

1870 300,000. 1875 151,618 

1871 600,000. 1876 321,998 

1872 350,000. 1877 201,159 

1873 405,000. 1878 227,738 

These figures foot up more than three million head, while many 
thousands have been shipped by sea and rail. 

It is supposed, that as cattle now bring a good price there will be 
about 300,000 head driven out during the year 1879. We have accord- 
ing to the same report from the department of Agriculture, 725,000 
Horses. — More than any other states except New York and Illinois ; and 
160,000 Mules, — only exceeded by Alabama; and 3,674,700 Sheep, — 
only exceeded by California and Ohio. 

Fourthly. — Agricultural Products. — Texas now ranks first as the 
great cotton-producing State of the Union. It is true Mississippi has a 
larger area in cotton, but Texas produces staple of a better quality, 
and much more to the acre. In a favorable year we will produce one 
million bales, worth about fifty millions of dollars. This amount may 
be increased indefinitely, as the country is settled up, and a larger 
area cultivated in cotton. As to cereals, the following table, taken 
from the report of the Agricultural Bureau, for 1877, gives Texas 
49,000,000 bushels of corn — more than twice as much as any other 
State south of Tennessee ; 4,800,000 bushels of wheat — a milUon of 
bushels more than the wheat-growing State of Georgia. In other pro- 
ducts, not yet thoroughly tried in Texas, we think our State may rival 



TEXAS COMPARED WITH OTHER STATES. 



2:^ 



Louisiana in tlie production of sugar, and South Carolina in that of 
rice : may produce as man}' oranges as Florida — as much tobacco ii« 
Vii-ginia — as much hemp as Kentuckj' or Missouri — indeed, it is 
impossible to lix the limit to the capacity of our great State to produce 
meat, milk and butter ; bread-stuffs ; textiles, fruits, etc. 

From the Agricultural Department report for Texas, for 1877 — the 
latest issued : 



Products. 




Indian corn bushels 

Wheat do 

Rye do 

Oats do 

Barle}^ do 

Buckwheat do 

Potatoes do 



Hay. 



.tons 



49,000,000, 
4,800,000; 



b/j « 



24 
12 



4,300,000 33 



550,000 80 
75,000 1.25 



o „ 



5 .S 



2,041,667 
400,000 






o 
H 



43121,070,000 
1 21 5,808,000 



130,oOo 46 



6,875! 1 00 
60,000 10 75 



Total 1 12,638,845 



1,978,000 



550,000 
806,250 



30,212,250 



THE STATE'S PRODUCTIVE WEALTH. 
COTTON. 

The cotton crop of Texas for 1878 was the heaviest ever gathered in 
the annals of the State. Exact figures as to the yield can almost be 
arrived at. It is found that the Texas Central Railroad conveyed of 
local cottons from its entire line 354,401 bales ; the Texas and Pacific, 
205,297 bales; the International and Great Northern, 193,159 bales; 
the Texas and New Orleans Railroad, 11,350 bales; the Galveston, 
Harrisburg and San Antonio Railroad, 88,791 bales ; the Houston East 
and West Texas Road, 1,601 bales ; the Texas Western Narrow Gauge, 
2,370 bales ; the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Road, 240 bales — making 
a total of 857,109 bales. To this is to be added 10,000 bales that went 
out of the State from the upper Red River country by boat to New 
Orleans and Shreveport; 7,000 bales that crossed the Sabine River 
going by wagon to lower Red River at Grand Ecore and Alexandria, 
La. ; 6,000 bales that Crossed the Rio Grande into Mexico from San 



26 'TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

Antonio; 1,952 bales from Victoria ; 11,416 bales from Cuero ; 208 
bales from Indianola ; 23 bales from Brownsville; some 35,000 bales of 
Texas cotton that went by wagon to Shreveport ; 16,309 bales that went 
to New Orleans by boat from Jefferson; 2,163 bales to Galveston b}^ 
schooner from Orange and Sabine and Trinity Rivers ; 3,813 bales that 
reached Houston by wagon and not accounted for in railroad local 
receipts — making a total of 951,093 bales as the crop of the State for 
the 3^ear 1878-9. This product approaches one-fourth the entire cotton 
crop of the United States, and aggregates in value, upon a basis of $40 
per bale, the sum of §38,043,720. 



CATTLE AND HORSES. 

The cattle interest of Texas comes next in importance and wealth to 
that of cotton. The drive for the year passing over the trails west of 
Fort Worth and Fort Griffin, going from beyond the State, from the 
best and most accurate data, amounts to 257,431 head. The drive 
cattle are valued upon a basis of $13 per head — some being worth more, 
and some less — and the total value for the year of the cattle drive 
proper is placed at 83,346,603. Cattle shipped by rail are valued upon 
a basis of $20 per head. Of these it is found that the Central Railroad 
transported from local stations 41,580 head; the Texas and Pacific, 
68,180 head; the International and Great Northern, 20,100 head ; the 
Texas and New Orleans Railroad, 1,800 head; the Galveston, Harris- 
burg and San Antonio Railroad, 20,920 head ; the Denison and Pacific, 
from Whitcsboro to Denison, 32.000 head ; the Denison and South- 
eastern Railroad, from Whitewright to Denison, 3,260 head ; the Gulf, 
Colorado and Santa Fe Road, 440 head ; passing out by Sabine Pass, 
Niblett's Bluffs and Collier's Ferry, to New Orleans, 7,000 head ; from 
Indianola, 26,700 head; from Victoria, 8,138 head; (the Corpus Christi 
product is estimated in the trail drive) ; from Cuero, 467 head ; 500 
head from Texarkana ; the foot drive to Shreveport, 7,500 head; the 
Galveston, Houston and Henderson Road, from Clear Creek and other 
stations on its line, 6,180 head — making a total of 244.765 head, worth 
$4,885,300; or for the foot drive and what went out in- rail a gross 
total of $8,241,903. 

There likewise went out of the vState over the two trails west of Fort 
Worth and Fort Griffin, during the year, some 37,860 head of horses 
and ponies. Estimating this species of live stock upon a basis of 
^ $12.50 per head, gives a money value of $473,250. Add this to the 
cattle drive, and there remains as a net product of the cattle and horse 
interests of Texas for the year the sum of §8,705,153. 



PKODUCTIVE WEALTH OF TEXAS 



WOOL AND HIDES. 




The wool and hide interests of Texas come next in rank to cattle and 
horses. It is found that of wool the Houston and Texas Central rail- 
road transported from local stations during the year 830.414 pounds ; 
the International and Great Northern, 804,884 pounds ; the Texas 
and Pacifiic road, 920,479 pounds ; the Galveston, Harrisburg and 
San Antonio road, 3,306,666 pounds ; the Texas and New Orleans 
railroad, 70,300 pounds; exported from Corpus Christi, 7,000,000 
pounds ; from Victoria, 108,172 pounds ; from Indianola, 50,000 pounds ; 
from Cuero, 655,268 pounds; from Brownsville, 556,737 pounds; con- 
sumed by the mills at New Braunfels, 185,000 pounds ; b}^ wagon to 
Shreveport, say 75,000 pounds ; Texarkana, 2000 pounds — making the 
wool product of the state 14,568,920 pounds, with a money value of 
$2,913,784. 

Of hides it is found that the Houston and Texas Central transported 
from local stations during the 3'ear 2,223,603 pounds; the Texas and 
Pacillic railroad, 3,681,919 pounds; the International and Great North- 
ern railroad, 2,094,976 lbs. ; the Galveston, Harrisburg and San Antonio 
road, 2,606,222 pounds; the Texas and New Orleans railroad, 223.200 
pounds ; exported from Corpus Christi, 12,000,000 pounds ; from Vic- 
toria, 677,222 pounds ; from Indianola, 1,193,220 pounds ; from Browns- 
ville, 2,764,509 pounds; from Cuero, 314,194 pounds; by wagon to 
Shreveport, say 250,000 pounds ; Texarkana, 75,000 pounds — making 
the hide product of the state 28,104,065 pounds, with a money value of 
§2,810,406. 

Total value of wool and hiSes produced in Texas during the year, 
§5,724,190. 

WHEAT. 

In endeavoring to arrive at an accurate idea of the various products 
of the state, more difficulty was experienced with regard to the o-rain 
yield than with any other product. At no point could be found any- 
thing like a reliable estimate of the state's production in this regard, 
and as consumption invariably occurred in counties where grain 
was raised, with the exception of some moderate shipments to gcnertill}'^ 
local points enumerated in the body of this report, railroad records 
failed to convey a basis of computation. Flouring mills are scattered 
over the state in different localities, and the wheat of the districts en- 
gaging in this production is hauled in wagons to places of milling. An 
effort was made to obtain from the more prominent mill men an esti- 
mate of production as to certain localities, and responses in several 
instances have been had ; but the data is insulficient upon which to base 



28 TEXAS ALMAl^AC AND HAND-BOOK. 

exact computations. With regard to the grain yield of the state, only 
approximations can be offered. 

The wheat crop of 1878 in this state was nominally a failure, partic- 
ularly as to quality. The quantity raised to the acreage was not in- 
different, but a wet harvesting and gathering period ruined the quality 
of the grain, and mill men contend that it would have been to their 
advantage had they refused to turn a wheel during the whole year. The 
quality of flour from Texas mills was very indifferent, except in a few 
isolated cases, in consequence of this mishap to the grain, and the fame 
of the mills suffered injury from this untoward cause. The crop of 
1879, smaller both in acreage and yield than that of 1878, is however 
of superior quality, and the flour of the state has recovered its position 
in consequence. 

An estimate from a well-informed source of the wheat yield of Gray- 
son, Denton and Cooke counties, for 1879, places the amount at 290,000 
bushels for Grayson, 100,000 bushels for Denton, and 100,000 bushels 
for Cooke. Other wheat-growing counties in the state holding out in 
similar ratio gives a basis of calculation. The wheat yield of Texas in 
1875 — the best and most productive season ever known in the state — 
was approximated at G, 000, 000 bushels. Taking returns from Gray- 
son, Denton and Cooke as basis, and calculating by the difference in 
the yield in those counties in 1875 and what it is in 1879, the state's 
wheat crop for tlie present year may be assumed at 2,500,000 bushels. 
The best authorities we have been able to confer with upon the subject 
hold that this figure of 2,500,000 bushels is a reasonable approximation. 
Tlie wheat of the state this season will sommand at the mills at least 
95c. per bushel, which would bring the money value of the product for 
the year to about $2,375,000. This approximation is regarded as being 
under rather than over the mark. 

LUMBER. 

This verj' important feature of the wealth of the State of Texas is as 
yet in the infancy of its development. A skirt of country full 400 miles 
in extent, stretching from Orange, on tlie Sabine river, to Texarkana, 
on the line of the state of Arkansas, may be said to be almost as yet a 
virgin forest, the inroads of the past ten years being scarcely felt. 
Within this radius in eastern Texas there is abundant variety of valuable 
timber, which coming years will call into use for tlie service of the world. 
Texas lumber is hardly yet known outside the bounds of the state, the 
demand within our own borders having been sufficient ijp to this time 
for the capacity of the mills engaged in production. The product of 
Texas mills during the past year may be briery given. It is found that 




VIEW OF CORN FIELD IN BRAZOS BOTTOM, ROBERTSON COUNTY. 
Taken Mav 18th, 1878. on I. & G. N. R. R. 



^K 



PituDLCTlVK WlOALTII OF TEXAS. 29 

during the yeav the Texas and Pacific raih-oad transported from local 
stations on its line some o9,24'.»,00U feet of laths, shingles and lumber; 
the International and Great Northern railroad, 34,980,000 feet of lumber 
and shingles ; the Houston and Texas Central railroad, 8,775,200 feet 
of lumber ; the Texas and New Orleans railroad, 40,756,800 feet of lum- 
ber and 54,835 M shingles ; the Houston East and West Texas railroad, 
10,510,000 feet of lumber. The product over the Texas and Pacific and 
the International and Great Northern railroads (lumber and shingles 
having been aggregated by both roads in their report), has been separ- 
ated upon a basis of one-fourth M shingles to total number of feet given. 
Computing the value of lumber at S8 per M feet, and shingles at 82.75 
per M, the following totals are found : Texas and Pacific product, $390,- 
229 ; International and Great Northern, $233,929 ; Houston and Texas 
Central, $0,205 ; Texas and New Orleans railroad, §476,850: Houston 
East and West Texas railroad, $84,080. To this may be added some 
5,550,000 feet of lumber and 16,000,000 shingles that were exported 
from Orange by water during the season, worth $88,400 — making a 
total of $1,349,691 as the money value of the lumber produced in Texas 
during the year. 

COTTON SEED OIL AND CAKE. 

The leading manufacturing industry of Texas — with the exception of 
the flour milling interests of the state — is that of the cotton seed cake 
and oil business. There are six mills in the state engaged in this indus- 
try, viz. : one at Hempstead, one at Navasota, one at Bryan, one at 
Calvert, one at Dallas, and one near Schulenburg. The net money value 
of the products of these six mills — without inviting comparison as to the 
capacity of either — is giA'en in round figures at $506,063. There is 
ample room for more of these establishments throughout the state, with 
a[)parant profit to judicious investment, as the large amount of cotton 
seed being annually withdrawn from this state to feed the cotton oil in- 
dustry at other points very satisfactorily demonstrates. 

SUGAR. 

This important agricultural industry has not attained that position in 
Texas to which its merits entitle it, taking into consideration the large 
body of land capable of production with profitable results. It is true 
that some few planters have devoted to the production of sugar in this 
state a great deal of attention and a large amount of capital ; but the 
majority of the places engaged in this industry are in themselves com- 
paratively small, and necessarilj- of hmited means. The larger concerns, 
however, are from year to year adding to their capacity and ability to 



30 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

produce to a profitable extent, and are demonstrating fully the value of 
this crop, when handled upon a substantial basis. What would add 
more than anything else to the encouragement of sugar production in 
Texas, would be the establishment of a sugar refinery and cooperage 
somewhere in the state. For the latter industry the native timbers on 
the Sabine and Neches rivers offer every inducement for profitable in- 
vestment, which should be instituted with an idea to cover cooperage 
for flour production as well as sugar. In this line there could be no 
question of success ; and as to final results in the institution of a sugar 
refinery, the heavy expense incident to transportation and wastage of 
raw suoarin course of refinement, leaves but little doubt of the value and 
economy of such an enterprise. 

The sugar crop of 1878 met with serious disaster in a number of in- 
stances from excessive rains late in the season and other untoward cir- 
cumstances. We are prepared to give the exact product of the state in 
suo-ar and molasses — with the exception of the amount of molasses used 
direct from the plantations in the up country — the data being furnished 
by mercantile houses in Houston and Galveston. The figures are exact. 
The crop of the state was handled by five parties in Houston and eleven 
parties in Galveston. The Houston merchants handled 2,155 hogsheads 
sugar and 5,156 barrels molasses ; the Galveston merchants 3,209 hogs- 
heads sugar and 6,388 barrels molasses. Add to this a shipment of 300 
hoo-sheads sugar and 700 barrels molasses from Indianola to New Orleans, 
and the total crop of the state reaches 5,664 hogsheads sugar and 12,244 
barrals molases. The value of sugar and molasses produced in Texas 
for the year is roundly stated at S433,969. Favorable circumstances 
and a judicious application of capital in the future will j^et make sugar 
production in this state a matter of far more than ordinar^^ moment. 
Pressed to its full capacity, sugar production should rank only second 
to the great staple cotton itself. 

MINOR PRODUCTS. 

Besides leading export staples above specially enumerated, there was 
exported from the state a quantity of minor [)roducts that aggregate 
considerable value. Care has been taken to separate articles shipped to 
local points from those that went beyond the state's confines. The 
articles alluded to may be specified as cotton seed, that went in large 
quarfitity to the mills at New Orleans, Shreveport and Little Rock ; a 
shipment of mules from Collin county ; pecans, tallow, beeswax, bones 
and bone dust, horns, roots and seeds, hay, fruit, oats, horse hair, moss, 
tanned leather, and a large amount of salt from Grand Saline. Calcu- 
lation as to money values, based upon aggregates foniHl at points of 



PRODUCTIVE WEALTH OF TEXAS. 31 

shipinent specified in the body of this report, gives a total of $448,243. 
The shipping points touched were but sixty-eight in number, although 
they constituted the chief exporting points within the state's railway 
system. Giving to shipping points not touched — over triple in number, 
but less in export importance — say one-half the amount of minor pro- 
ducts estimated above, and a total money value is found of $672,364. 
This figure may be taken as a low estimate. 

RECAPITULATION. 

Articles. Values. 

Cotton, 951,093 bales, $88,043,720 

Cattle, 502,196 head, - - - - . 8,241,903 

Horses, 37,860 head, - - - - 473,250 

Wool, 14,568,920 pounds, - - - - 2,913,784 

Hides, 28,104.065 pounds, .... 2,8>0,406 

Lumber and shingles, 1,349,691 

"Wheat, 2.500,000 bushels, . - - - 2,375,000 

'Cotton seed cake and oil, . . - - 506,063 

Sugar and molasses ------ 433,960 

Miscellaneous products, ----- 672,364 

$57,820,141 

The foregoing exhibit will give a close and accurate idea, if 
not an exact estimate, of the entire exported agricultural and 
jtastoral wealth of Texas for the commercial year now closed. 
Its preparation has in no particular been slighted. Deductions to 
be made from this report may be briefly treated. First, and of 
greatest importance, is the fact that the state of Texas has con- 
sideralily the balance of trade in her favor. The exported products of 
the state are in excess of $57,000,000. A table to be found in the body 
of this report shows the amount of merchandise sales for the year, or 
the value of imports. It is found that sixty-four of the leading com- 
mercial points of the state sold merchandise last year amounting to some- 
thing in excess of $62,000,000. Galveston is not cited in this record, 
being regarded as a jobbing point to the trade of the interior. Deduct 
(as appearing' among other estimates) from Houston's jobbing aggre- 
gate $3,000,000 ; from Dallas, $2,000,«00 ; from Jefferson, $500,000 ; 
from San Antonio (selling largely to Mexico), $3,000,000 — lea\ing the 
remainder of the jobbing trade to points not touched in the report — and 
total merchandise sales for the year will aggregate upon this basis some- 
thing in excess of ?53. 500,000. The amount of goods sold at interior 
towns off the lines of railroad — that is, goods bought from jobbing points 
without the state, and not accounted for in our table of merchandise 



32 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

sales — would swell but veiy little the above aggregate of $53. 500, 000. 
This, it must be understood, is gross sales. If 12,^2 per cent, be de- 
ducted from this gross amount of merchandise sales, inuring to the 
profits of handling and ordinary mercantile investment within the state, 
there remains as the total money outflow from the state for the year the 
sum of $46,81i?,500, leaving a balance of trade in favor of the state of 
$10,466,652. Deduct from this balance $1,339,691 as the value of 
native lumber and shingles — accounted for among exports liut not ag- 
gregated in merchandise sales — and $9,126,961 remain as about the 
true excess of export over import values. The money value of all ex- 
ports in this calculation is netted at the sources. 

Again, the whole state is to be credited with quite a sum of money 
coming from railroad expenditures to employes, from minor manufac- 
turing industries, from investments hy immigrants in lands and im- 
provements, and from various other sources. It is impossible to ac- 
curately estimate the sum accruing from such expenditures, but thej^ 
should be reckoned in explanation of heavy merchandise sales at points. 
of minor export importance. Taking these mone\' sources into consid- 
eration, it would be an inside figure to estimate the balance of trade in 
favor of the state at $14,000,000. 

Again, the spirit of improvement is abroad in the state. Expensive 
agricultural implements are being bought, fencing put up, excellent 
dwelling houses and superior farm out-buildings erected, fine stock 
bred and cared for, and the general material wealth of the state in- 
creased on every hand. This is quite an aggregate in the expenditures 
shown above through merchandise sales, that must be placed to account 
of stable personal property, and profits husbanded of agricultural and 
pastoral industries. 

In the self-sustaining features of the case, the state has no reason to- 
be dissatisfied with her record. She is year liy year becoming more 
and more self-reliant. Kansas City and St. Louis still sell largely to 
Texas of bacon and flour, but this trade is becoming gradually more 
circumscribed. The northern and northeastern portions of the state, it 
is found, produce corn and the cereals for export to central, southern 
and eastern Texas ; although nearly all sections of the state, in this par- 
ticular, make enough produce for home consumption. No aggregate of 
the state's wealth, as supplying home necessities with every day jJi'o- 
duce, has been attempted. The daily consumption of the state is well 
provided for among her minor products. 

The great want of Texas is manufacturing industry. AVlth the ex- 
ception of her flouring mills, cotton seed mills, the New Braunfels 
woolen mills, and three or four foundries and workshops — all success. 
full testimonials, however, as to what can be accomplished in this wny 



PRODUCTIVE WEALTH OF TEXAS. 33 

— the state is altogether deficient in manufactures. Yet there is plenty 
of opportunity and facility in the state for the establishment and sue- 
oessful operation of such in a variety of lines. kState demand is ample, 
and the means are native here, awaiting the touch of enterprise and 
capital. Texas, as yet, is dependent upon the outer world for, from ax- 
helves to farm wagons — from the hoe to the steam engine ; yet the State 
abounds in mineral wealth, and the timber of the country is profuse in 
the best of varieties and boundless in extent. With the full achieve- 
ment of the manufacturing era will come the industrial glory of Texas. 

Finally, the State is but beginning to feel her strength and influence. 
Railroad construction has taken a fresh start, and industry and capital 
are bus}' in this important direction. Population must seek a common- 
wealth so grand of resource and so full of opportunity. No State in 
the Union offers such diversity of choice as does Texas to the skilled 
and industrious settler, from any and all localities ; and nowhere in the 
world does a field present itself with so many ready means for satisfac- 
tory- results. A decade are two hence, and Texas will lead the States in 

t only the variety but the aggregate of her wealth products. 



34 



TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 
PRODUCTIVE WEALTH OF TEXAS. 



Extracted from the very full and satisfactory annual statement 
published in the Galveston JSfews, September 1, 1879. 

Table 

Shoivbig Amoimt of Merchandise Sales in Sixty-Four Cities and Toici s 
in Texas, for the Year Ending August 31, 1879. 



Cities and Towns. 



Austin 

Brenham 

Bryan 

Beaumont 

Bremond. 

Bonham. 

Cuero 

Corpus Christi. 

Columbus 

Calvert 

Crockett 

Clarksville 

Corsicana 

•Dallas 

Denison 

Ennis 

Flatonia 

Fort Worth 

*Galveston 

Giddings .. — 

Georgetown 

Groesbeck 

Houston 

Huntsville 

Henderson 

Honey Grove .. 

Hearne 

Hempstead 

Indianola 

Jefferson 

Jewett 

Jacksonville . 



Mds. Sales- 
Approxima- 
tions. 



S3,250,000 

1,350,000 

1,125,000 

225.000 

125,000 

325,000 

590,000 

1,200,000 

425,000 

800,000 

315,000 

300,000 

1,150,000 

6,907,398 

1,250.000 

350.000 

350,000 

4,150,000 

18,000,000 

250,000 

250,000 

125,000 

7,000,000 

350,000 

600,000 

225,000 

400,000 

350.000 

1.S5,000 

1,800,000 

200,000 

195,600 



Cities and Towns. 



Kosse 

Longview. 

Luling 

Marlin 

Mineola 

Marshall 

Mexia 

McKinney 

Navasota 

Overton 

Orange 

Palestine 

Piano 

i Paris 

Rockdale 

Round Rock 

Richmonxl 

San Antonio 

Seguin 

Sherman 

Sulphur Springs 

Schulenburg 

Troupe 

Tyler 

Taylorsville 

Terrell 

Texarkana 

Victori: 
Wills' Point. 
Whitesboio 
AVeimar. 
Waco 



JMds. Sales— 

|Appi-(ixiina- 

tions. 



160.000 
400.000 
300.000 
500,000 
325.000 
750,000' 
600,000 
650,000 
650.000 
100,000 
325,000 
510.000 
165.000 

,250,000 
700,(100 
450.000 
125.000 

,350,000 
300.000 

,860.000 
300.000- 
375.000 
75.000' 
800.000 
300.000- 
900,000 
800,000 
325.000 
250. OOQ 
200,000 
200,000 

,125,000 



* Galveston, in footin<? up totals of Texas imports, should not be regarded 
other than as a jobbing point to the interior, the amount of her gross sales being- 
found, in large measure, among the mercliandi.sc! sales of the sixty-three interior 
points enumerated in the table. Of purehase points allowed to Galveston, a lib- 
eral estimate should be nceorded foreign countries for articles of direct importa- 
tion, which is aggregated in the 35 per cent, credited to all '• other points." 



TEXAS AS A HOME. 35 

HOMES FOR THE HOMELESS. 



Article 10 and section 8 of the State Constitution reads as follows: 
"To eveiy head of a family who has not a homestead there shall be 
donated one hundred and sixty acres of land, out of the public domain, 
upon the condition that he will select, locate and occupy the same for 
three years, and pay the office fees on the same. Ty all single men, 
twenty-one yeai's of age, there shall be donated eighty aCres of land 
out of the public domain, upon the same terms and conditions as are 
imposed upon the head of a family." 

The provisions of the statutes, under this section of the Constitution, 
give to every head of a family, man or woman, or a single man of 
lawful age, who has not a homestead in the State, one hundred and 
sixty acres of land to the former, and eighty acres to the latter, out of 
any part of the public domain, as a homestead, upon the only condition 
that he or she will select, locate and occup}'- the same for three years, 
and pay the office fees on the same. The office fees do not amount to 
more than fifteen dollars, and, as hereafter seen, these homesteads can 
never be seized for debt, or their use and enjoyment, as homesteads, be 
interrupted so long as an individual member of the family exists. 

Article 12 and section 15 of the State Constitution reads as follows: 
"The Legislature shall have power, and it shall be their duty, to pro- 
tect bj' law, from forced sale, a certain portion of the property of all 
heads of families. The homestead of a family, not to exceed two hun- 
dred acres of land (not included in a city, town or village), or any city, 
town or village lot, or lots, not to exceed five thousand dollars in value, 
at the time of their destination as a homestead, and without reference 
to the value of any improvements thereon, shall not be subject to 
forced sale for debts, except they be for the purchase thereof, for the 
taxes thereon, or for labor and materials expended thereon ; noi' shall 
the owner, if a married man, he at liberty to alienate the same, unless by 
the consent of the wife, and in such manner as may he prescribed by Icnv.'" 

" AN ACT DEFINING THE HOMESTEAD AND OTHER PROPERTY EXEMPT FKOM 
FORCED SALE IN THIS STATE. 

"Section 1. Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Texas, 
That the homestead of a famil}^ not to exceed two hundred acres of 
land (not included in an}^ city, town or village), or any city, town or 
village lot, or lots, not to exceed five thousand dollars in value at the 
time of their destination as a homestead, and without reference to the 
value of any improvements thereon, shall not be subject to forced sale 
for debts, except for the purchase money thereof, or for taxes, or for 
laV)or and materials expended thereon." 



ye TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

The Legislature, duving the extra session in 1879, passed a law for 
the sale of the alternate sections of land in the surveys made by the 
railroad companies. The land to be appraised and sold to be paid for 
in annual payments, the last in ten years. One purchaser can buy only 
one section of arable land, or three sections of grazing land. And a 
quarter section is the smallest tract to be had. This money goes to the 
common school fund. 

Persons desiring to secure homes in Texas, can do so either, (1) by 
settlement under the homestead donation law, (2) by locating a cer- 
tificate, or (3) by purchase from the State of common school, university 
or asylum lands. 

Under the first mode, every head of a familj- who has no other home- 
stead, can acquire title to 160 acres, and each single person of 18 years 
of ao-e can secure 80 acres, by settling on the same and occupying and 
improving it for three consecutive years. Application must be made 
to the surveyor of the county in which the party desires to settle. The 
fees for surveying and returning field notes to the General Land Office 
are from $10 to S15. After three years' occupancy, proof of which 
fact must be made, patent will issue to the settler or his vender. Pat- 
ent fee 85. 

Under the second mode, land certificates or warrants can be located 
upon any vacant and unappropriated public land. These certificates 
are of two characters, viz.: ''Straights" and "alternates." The 
"straights" are those issued to early settlers as headrights or for ser- 
vice in the Texas revolution, and to some railroad and ditch companies, 
and are located without any reservation for public schools. These cer- 
tificates are worth from 15 cents to 35 cents per acre, according to 
quantity — the largest bringing the lowest figure. "Alternates" are 
issued to railroads and other works of internal improvements, and 
require the survey of double the amount of land called for by the cer- 
tificate. This is divided in two equal parts, one-half of which patents 
to the owner, and the remainder is reserved for common schools. 
These certificates can be bought for about ten cents i)er acre. 

The following official correspondence exi)lains what lands can be 
secured by purchase from the State, and on what terms : 

ExECUTiNE Office, State of Texas, Ai^^stix, Sept. 13. — Hon. W. C. 
Walsh, Commissioner General Land Office, Austin, Texas — Dear Sir: 
Please make a succinct statement of the lands of this State subject to 
sale,'wit]i the price fixed by law for each class, how mueli of each class 
can be bought by one individual, and the region of country in the State 
whore each class can be found, and to whom a purchaser must apply in 
making a purchas^e of lands of each class. Respec'tfiiUy, 

O. M. Kobe UTS, Governor. 




THE LAND OFFICE OF TEXAS, AUSTIN. 



HOMES FOR THE HOMELESS. 37 

LAND COMMISSIOXER's ANSWER. 

General Land Office, Austin, Sept. 16. — Hon. O. M. Roberts,. 
Governor of Texas — Sir: In compliance witli j^our request of t^^e loth 
inst., I append a brief statement of Texas State lands now for sale, 
A\'ith location, price and mode of purchase : 

1. Common school lands ; 12,8000,000 acres. These are situated in 
various amounts in 210 of the 225 counties of the State, and conse- 
quently embrace every variety of soil, climate and production of our 
extensive territory. These lands are for sale at a minimum price of 
one dollar per acre, payable in ten equal annual payments with interest. 
Each individual may purchase not less than IGO nor more than 640^ 
acres of farming lands, or three sections of pasture land. Application 
to purchase must be made to the county surveyor. 

2. University lands; 219,906 acres. Situated in Cooke, Fannin, 
Graj-son, Hunt, Collin, Lamar, McLennan, Shackelford and Callahan 
counties. 

These lands are in the richest and most populous portions of the 
State, and are for sale in tracts of eighty or one hundred and sixty 
acres at a minimum price of $1.50 per acre, on the same terms as the 
school lands. Application to purchase must be made to the county 
surveyor. 

^5. Asylum lands, 407,615 acres. Situated in the counties of Cal- 
lahan, Comanche, Eastland, Jones, Shackelford, Stephens, Taylor and 
Tom Green. This section is settling up and improving more rapidly 
now than any other portion of the State. For sale in tracts of one hun- 
dred and sixty acres, at same price and on same terms of university 
lands. 

4. State capitol lands, 3,050,000 acres. Situated in Dallam, Deaf 
Smith, Castro, Cochran, Lamb, Bailey, Hockley, Hartley, Oldham and 
Parmer counties. Three million acres of these lands are subdivided 
into tracts of one league (4428 acres) each, and the field notes returned 
to the general land office. They are for sale at fift}^ cents per acre in 
such quantities as may be desired. The 50,000 acres are devided into 
surveys of six hundred and forty acres each, and are likewise for sale 
at 50 cents per acre in such quantities as may be desired, provided that 
no section shall be devided. Application to purchase must be made to 
the general land office. No expense attache^ to the purchase of these 
lands, other than the purchase money and patent fee. These lands will 
not be offered for sale before January 24th, 1880. 

5. Public debt reserve. Under the act of July 14, 1879, all the 
vacant and unappro[)riated i)ublic land within the territory bounded on 
the north by the Indian Territory, on the east by 100th degree Long- 



38 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

itude, on the south by 32d degree of Latitude, on the west l)}' 103d 
degree Longitude, all the unappropriated laud within the Pacific reser- 
vation and all tracts of 640 acres or less within the organized counties 
of the State, are offered for sale in tracts of 640 acres each, or less, at, 
50 C3iits per acre. Purchasers must apply to tlie surveyor of the county 
or d' strict in which the desired land may be situated. He will survey 
the land and return field notes to the general land oflSce, at the expense 
of the purchaser. Within sixty days from the filing of the field notes 
in the land office, the purchaser must pay into the state treasury fifty 
cents per acre, or forfeit all right to the lands. I ha e the honor to be, 
very respectfully, etc. , 

W. C. Walsh, Commissioner. 




BOOKS ON TEXAS. 



1798. The first account of Texas given to the world in the Englisli 
language was b}^ Philip Nolan, who in 1797 traversed the province pro- 
curing cavalry horses for General James Wilkinson, of the United 
States army, then in command of the Mississippi Territory. It is con- 
jectured that Nolan was, secretly, an agent of Aaron Burr, and that his 
account of Texas, which was accompanied with a map of the country, 
was intended as a guide to the fillibustering expedition then projected 
by Burr, AVilkinson and others. 

1*819-1822. Newspaper descriptions of the country were given to 
the pubhc by Moses Austin and Stephen F. Austin, These contained 
information and inducements to immigrants. 

1827. Ward's History of Mexico, published this year, has an appen- 
dix and valuable notes on the history of Texas. 

1829. In this year General Stephen F. Austin published an address 
to his colonists, giving a history of the colony, and in a fatherly manner 
advising them. We give an extract from this address : 

"It is well known up to February. 1828, the labor and expense of 
the local government fell principally on me. individually, and that since 
that period all the Spanish part of the labor has fallen on Williams and 
myself, without any compensation. 

"It is also well known, that the translating and other duties connect- 
ed with the local government are sufficent to occupy all the time and at- 
tention of a secretary. Since February, 1828, I have held no office 
which imposes any duty on me to aid or interfere in the local civil 



BOOKS ON TEXAS. 39 

government, than what beh)ng-s to other citizens. I advised the 
A3-untaniieuto of 1828, to resort to a municipal tax; that body thought 
it AvouUI be unpopular, and feared to move. I repeated the advice to 
the Avuntamiento of 1820, strongly urged the vast importance of giving 
resi)ectabilit3% system, and permanency to the local government, by the 
creation of municipal funds, and the erection of public buildings : as the 
friend of the settlers I again repeat the same advice. The municipality 
is without a jail, a house for public use, or a place to keep the records, 
and it is also without a secretary, when it is well known that all its 
orlicial bussiness must be transacted in Spanish, and that not one of the 
municip.il officers understands one word of that language. For two years 
the business of the Ayuntamiento has been done for it and not by it." 

Colonel Austin farther states that his health is declining fi'om exces- 
sive labors, and that it is his intention to give up all public business and 
attend to his private affairs, which demands his personal supervision. 
At that period Austin's Colony including nearly all the American settle- 
ments in Texas ; as the Fredonian troubles has arrested the settlements 
in the east. 

1831-33. The famous " Galveston Bay and Texas Land Company'^ 
which purchased the Empresario Grants of Burnet and Vehelin, opened 
an office in New York for the sale of land scrip. . A Mr. Fiske bought 
twenty thousand acres of this scrip and in 1831 visited Texas to be put 
in possession of his purchase. He reached the Country', October, 1831. 
On getting sight of the beautiful prairies, he exclaimed in ecstacy : 
*•' Twenty-thousand acres ! Twenty-thousand acres! What an Estate ! 
How many cattle and human inhabitants would it be able to support!" 
Mr. Fiske was sadly disapi)ointed. He found no agent of the company 
at Anahuac, and no Surveyors, and no one to put him in possession. At 
Brazoria he met Col. John Austin who gave him no encouragement. 
He writes: " I had some conversation with Mr. A. on the purchase of 
land I had made in New York, but the result was not such as afforded 
me much gratification. On the contrary, he regarded the certificate I 
held, and the scrip which it represented, as of no value whatever." 
And so it proved, but Mr. JFiske wrote a vivid picture of the country 
and its resources. His Book, "A Visit to Texas," was publised in New 
York in 1833 and a second edition in Mobile, Alabama, in 1835. 

1833-36. Mary Austin HoUey, a cousin of Stephen F. Austin, pub- 
lished a small volume on Texas, giving a description and history of 
the province. A second edition, or perhaps nearly a new volume was 
issued in 1836. It was dedicated to General Austin and contains much 
valuable information, 

1836. David B. Edwards wrote a History of Texas, which was pub- 



/ 



40 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

lisbed in Cincinnati. It posesses considerable merit and gives an ac- 
count of the revolution. Among other valuable public documents it 
reproduced the constitution formed in San Felipe in 1833, 

1836. Niles' Spanish Republics, iwblished this j'^ear, had a valuable 
•chapter on the history of Texas, furnished by L. L. T. Pease — father of 
ex-Governor E. M. Pease. It was published in Hartford, Connecticut. 

1838. Rev. Chester Newell prepared a "History of the Revolution 
in Texas," (Wiley & Putnam, New York, Publishers.) This volume 
has in the appendix, some valuable public documents, especial!}' an 
exposition of tlie serious difficulties at Anahuac, in 1832. 

1840. A small volume of 275 pages appeared under the title, 
■*' Texas in 1840, or the Emigrant's Guide." It is anonymous; But 
has an introduction by Rev. A. B. Lawrence, of New Orleans : New 
York, Wm. Allen, publisher. 

1841. In 1839 Henry Stuart Foote of Mississippi, (who is Super- 
intendent of the New Orleans mint in 1879,) made a visit to Texas, and 
was invited by leading citizens to write a history of Texas and 
"Texans. Two years later the history appeared, published in Philadel- 
phia, by Thomas Copperthwait. It is in two volumes, 12mo. of about 400 
pages each. This was at the time the most full and satisf actor}' history 
that had appeared and furnished materials that all subsequent writers 
have freely used. While in many respects a valuable work, Foote 's his- 
tory is not altogether free from personal partialities, and partisan bias. 
A third volume was promised, which, we believe never appeared ; the 
author having become involved in the maelstrom of politics from which 
he is not yet fully emancipated. 

1841. During the period in which Governor Foote was collecting his 
materials for a history, Wm. Kennedy, Esq., British Consul at Galves- 
ton, was engaged in a similar work. Mr. Kenned}^, who had been em- 
ployed in a responsible government service in Canada, first visited Texas 
from curiosity and remaining some little time in the country received 
the appomtment of British Consul. It was while negotiations were pen- 
ding in Great Britain for the recognition of Texan Independence, and 
Kennedy's book was prepared to enlighten the minds of the English 
people on Texas affairs. In a note he states that " Explanation of Texas 
affairs was no easy task ; some asking if the people were Indians, others 
if they were Spaniards, and others apparently suspicious that I had 
established advantageous relations with the land pirates ; and hence my 
^eal. A veteran member of Parliment asked me if Texas were not a 
State lying contiguous to Florida." 

His book of two large volumes was published in London in 1841 and 
^n abridgment repuplished in New York in 1844. It is wonderful how 
.a stranger from across the ocean, could in so short a time gain so com- 



BOOKS ON TEXAS. 41 

plete a knowledge of the coiintiy and its institutions. His stj'le is clear ; 
his facts well arranged; his_descnptions of the country just and strik- 
ing, and his personal sketches of leading men remarkabh' true and life- 
like. An appendix has the Mexican constitution of 1824 ; the consti- 
tution of Coahuila, and of the republic, and mony other valuable docu- 
ments connected with our land system and general laws. 

1841. Hugh P. Kerr, of Washington, published an historical and 
descriptive poem on Texas, of a little over one hundred pages. Mr. 
Kerr died near Burton, in 1843. 

1842. Mr. Maillard, an Englishman, published in London what pur- 
ported to be a history of Texas from its discovery to the present time. 
A^er^' little dependence can be placed in Maillard's statements. He 
says that in 1528 Cortes sent Narves across the country to Florida, and 
the journey was accomplished in an incredibly short time. He is said 
to have crossed the Mississippi Eiver in Lat. 29 deg. oO min. — a point 
at which it would be exceedingly difficult of access, and is therefore 
improbable. He reported that the Natchez Indians had been suddenly 
and totally exterminated. They, however, came to life again and wore 
ver}- troublesome to the French. Another marvelous tale in this con- 
nection is that many of Narves' men starved to death and were eaten 
by their companions ! and that in Texas — full of game and fish ! Mail- 
lard was the opposite of Kennedy, he exhibited a bitter spirit towards 
the French and especially towards the Anglo-Americans in Texas. He 
asserts, Avhat no one else e^^er heard of, that a party of Spaniards from 
Vera Cruz entered the Mississippi River and established a colony. His 
pretended account of the revolution in Texas and the establishment of 
our republic is a tissue of misstatements and contradictions too glaring 
to need correction. 

1844. Narrative of the Santa Fe expedition, by George Wilkins 
Kendall ; in two volumes ; Harper and Brothers, New York. A stirring 
account of that unfortunate enterprise. After annexation Mr. Kendall 
became a citizen of western Texas, and the county in which he estab- 
lished his sheep ranche bears his name. Mr. K. died in 1867. 

1845. A Journal of the Mier expedition, by Thomas Jefferson Green, 
was published in two volumes, in New York. It gives the humiliating 
facts connected with that most unfortunated expedition, and reflects 
the personal partialities and prejudices of General Green. 

1845. A lively, gossiping sketch of Texas appeared anonymously. 
It was published by Paine & Burgess, New York. It is entitled "Prai- 
riedom ; Rambles and Scrambles in Texas or New Es^'emadura. By a 
S outhron^ with a Map." 

1846. Our Army on the Rio Grande — with a discription of the bat- 



\ 



/ 



\\ 



42 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

ties of Palo Alto and Resaca De La Palma, &c., &c. By T, B, 
Thorpe ; Philadelphia, Carey and Hart. 

1849. A Journey through Northeastern Texas, b}^ Edward Smith. 
London; 12mo. 

1850. Texas in 1850, by Malinda Rankin. Miss Rankin's book, 
printed in Boston, was published in the interest of soxue missionary 
organization, and presents a fair view of the moral and religious condi- 
tion of the country at that time. She w^ent from Texas to Mexico, 
where, we believe, she is now engaged in efforts to plant Protestant 
principles among the Mexican population. 

Texas and the Gulf of 3Iexico, b}^ 3Irs. Houston. Philadelphia;. 
2 vols., 12mo. 

Eagle Pass, by Cora Montgomery. E. P. Putnum, New York. 
A Stray Yankee in Texas, by Philip Paxton. 
Rambles in Texas. 

1852. The Fiscal History of Texas, by AVilliam M. Gouge. Lippin- 
cott, Grambo & Co., Philadelphia. This volume was written during 
the period in which the Texas debt bill was before the United States 
Congress for settlement. If it had been written at the instance of the 
creditors of Texas, and to prevent a scaling of our debt, it could not 
Itetterhave served their purpose. However, in spite of Gouge, the debt 
was scaled to its proper equitable amount and paid. 

1853. Letters from Texas, by W. B. Dewees. Louisville ; Morton 
& Griswold. Mr. Dewees was one of the first settlers on the Colorado, 
and died in Columbus in 1878. He was uneducated, and naturally 
credulous. His letters, prepared for the press by a young lady, detail 
many facts, and deal somewhat in the marvelous. 

1854. Personal Narrative, by John R. Bartlett, Commissioner on 
the part of the United States to run the boundary line between Texas 
and Mexico. 2 volumes, 8vo. Appleton, New York. 

Notes from my Knapsack. Putnam's Monthly, March, 1854. 
Notes on the Upper Rio Grande, by Bryan Tilden. 

1855. Notes on Unexplored Texas, by W. B Parker. 12mo. Phil- 
• adelphia. 242 i)ages. 

In 1855 General Sam. Houston was quite prominentl}'^ spoken of as a 
[possible candidate for the Pi-esidency of the United States, and a number 
of "Lives" appeared. One was published by Redfield, New York. 
Another, written by C% Edwards Lester, an 8vo of 2G8 pages, was 
issued by Burgess, Stringer &. Co., New York. Another, which appeared 
anonymously, of over 400 pages, was published by Derby, New York. 

bS5G. The mo^t extensive and carefully prepared history that had 
ever been given of Texas was published this ^ear by Redfield, in two 
large octavo A'olumes of nearly five hundred pages each. It was written 



BOOKS ON TEXAS. 43 

by Henderson Yoakum, and it is invaluable to the student of Texas 
history, especially the first volume, which brings the history down to 
the period of the revolution in 1835. The second volume is not so reli- 
able. Mr. Yoakum lived neighbor to General Houston, from whom he 
derived much of the information of the events of that and subsequent 
periods of our history. Houston had his partialities and his prejudices, 
and it is not strange that his historian should have been more or less 
influenced by the opinions and sentiments of his hero. But notwith- 
standing these blemishes, the work of Yoakum will always be held in 
high esteem by those who wish to become famihar with Texas and its 
history. 

1857. A Journey through Texas, or a Saddle-Trip on the South- 
western Frontier ; with a Statistical Appendix. By Frederick Law 
COmsled. 8vo., 500 pp. New York: Dix, Edwards & Co. This vol- 
ume gives a lively description of the country, and a life-like picture of 
society in Texas at that period. 

1859. In 1859 a book appeared in Cincinnati, published by Apple- 
gate & Co., and written by William B. Victor, under the somewhat 
ambiguous title of "Life and Events." It is a treatise on slavery, 
colonization, etc., and valuable to us as containing the original contract 
between S. F. Austin and Joseph H. Hawkins. Hawkins borrowed 
$4,000 of Gen. Wilkinson, for the colonization of Texas, and with this 
money the Sch. Lively was fitted out, and lost on the voyage to Texas. 

1859. This year D. Appleton & Co. : New York, issued a large octavo 
volume of 648 pages, the title page of which gives its subject. It is 
"Memoranda and official correspondence relating to the Republic of 
Texas : Its history of annexation. Including a brief Autobiography of 
the author. ' By Anson Jones, Late President of the Republic of Texas.'* 
The history and official correspondence are interesting and important. 
We have seldom seen an Autobiography that did not deserve an auto 
de /e, and this is no exception to the general rule. 

1864. In the year 1863 Lieutenant Colonel Freemantle of the British 
Army spent three months in the Southern Confederacy passing through 
Texas. He published a book entitled " Three Months in the Southern 
States," giving a fair picture of Texas during the Civil War. 

1866. The next volume treating on Texas was also by an English- 
man. It is ' -A Hunter's Experience in the Southern States of America. ' ' 

1872. E. H. Gushing published a " History of Methodism in Tex- 
as," by H. S. Thrall. 

1872. One of the earliest and most zealous ministers of the Baptist 
Church, in Texas, was Elder Z. N. Morrell. In 1872 Mr. M. pubUshed 
a book entitled ' ' Flowers and Fruits from the Wilderi>ess ; or Thirty-six 
years in Texas and two Winters in Honduras." This book besides dte- 



44 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND BOOK. 

tailing Elder Morrell's personal labors, gives the history of the organi- 
zation of a large number of Baptist Churches and Associations. 

1873. A. S. Barnes & Co., published "A Brief History of Texas 
from its Earliest Settlement:" for Schools ; By D. W. C. Baker. 

1874. E. H. Cashing published "Reminiscences, Sketches and Ad- 
dresses selected from my papers during a Ministry of forty-five years in 
Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas By J. R. Hutchinson, D. D." Dr. 
Hutchinson was for a number of years pastor of the Presbyterian church 
in Houston, and died in that city in 1878. 

1874. The United States Publishing Company of New York published 
a " History of Texas, from its Discovery and Settlement; with a de- 
scription of its principal Cities and Counties, and the Agricultural, Min- 
eral, and Material Resources of the State, by J. M. Morphis." 

1875. A. S. Barnes & Co., New York, published "A Texas Scrap- 
Book, made up of History, Biography, and Miscellany of Texas and its 
People. Compiled by D. W^_._Baker. ' ' 

1876. The University Publishing Company, New York, issued " A 
Histor}' of Texas, from the Earliest Settlements to the year 1878 ; with 
an appendix contaming the constitution of the State of Texas, adopted 
September 1875. For use in Schools, and for general readers. By H. 
S. Thrall." 

1878. The Texas Directory Company Published the Texas Business 
"/^ Directory, including "The Annals of Texas, by H. S. Thrall." 

1879. N. D. Thompson & Co., St. Louis, pubUshed~''A Pictorial 
History of Texas. By Rev. H. S. Thrall, A. M." A large octavo 
volume, embracing an exhaustive history of the State, from the earliest 
\isits of European adventurers to A. D. 1879. 

It is conveniently divided into ten departments, briefly stated as 
follows : — 

PART I. — A general description of the country, boundaries, areas, 
rivers, mountains, minerals, etc., etc. 

PART II.— Texas under Spanish domination— 1685 to 1820. 

PART III. — Texas under Mexican domination — 1820 to 1834. 

PART IV.— The Revolution— 1835 to 1837. 

PART v.— Texas as a Republic— 1837 to 1846. 

PART VI.— Texas as a State— 1847 to 1879. 

PART VII.— The Texas Indians and their Tribes. 

PART VIII. — Biography, giving sketches of the lives of over 200 
men who have been distinguished in Texas history, arranged in alpha- 
betical order. 

PART IX. — Historical sketches of all the counties, alphabetically 
arranged, with descriptive notes, statistics, etc. 

PART X. — Miscellaneous items, statistics, etc,, concerning agric il- 



BOOKS ON TEXAS. 45 

tural products, improvements, cluirelies, schools, population, asylums, 
public buildings, railroads, wealth, taxes, etc. 

These various departments are suli-divided into chapters, and the 
whole abounds in illustrations of scenes throughout the State, and of 
men prominent in its history. 

Though recently published it has had and is having a very large sale 
in Texas and elsewhere. 

The following testhnonials are a fair index to the popular favor Avith 
•which it was received : — 

"It treats events in such a succinct way as to leave no room for im- 
provement in that direction. The book should find a place in every 
family of the State." — Galveston News. 

"As to dates, figures and facts, both personal and general, it may he 
-considered the most reliable yet published. It is in brief a true picture., 
drawn by a competent hand, of Texas — its soil, its climate, its people and 
their institutions ; its resources, its capabilities for sustaining a dense 
population. ' ' — Texas Presbyterian. 

"It is well written, compact, solid and valuable as statement, and 
there is nothing slip>-shod or catch-jjenny about the book.'^ — St. Louis 
Republican. 

"Five hundred copies of the work have been sold in Travis County, 
and the work has become each day more popular," — Daily (Austin) 
Statesman. 

"It stands without a rival or competitor." — Burnet Bulletin. 

"It fully meets the expectations of the public. It is not only the 
.latest, but beyond question, the best history of the State ever written, and 
should find a place in every library in the State, public and private." — 
Denison Daily Neios. 

"It is emphatically a history of Texas, including every kiiid of informa- 
tion pertaining to the State, her products, improvements, soils, resour- 
ces, &c. There is scarcely any information concerning the State that 
cannot be gleaned from its pages. Of all the histories of Texas yet 
written, and there are many, this is the fuJ I est and completest, and so far 
as we can judge, the fairest." — Denison Daily Herald. 

"Having visited nearly every locality represented, and having been 
personally acquainted with many of the chai-acters whose faces grace its 
pages, we can vouch for the faithfullness of the artist who su2)ervised this 
portion of the ivork." — Texas Christian Advocate. 

"Mr. Thrall has devoted more time to Texas history than any man in 
■or out of the State. His book should be in the hands of every one de- 
sirous of being thoroughly posted on the history of this great and o-row- 
ing commonwealth." — San Antonio Herald. 



46 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

'•'We regard it as far superior to any history heretofore written of the 
State. It is bound to have a large sale both iu and out of Texas." — 
Daily (Austin) State Gxizette. 

We commend the book as being surprisingly comprehensive and ex- 
haustive in detail ; in fact, it is the finest model of a State history we ever 
saw." — Gatesville Sun. 

The work is a credit to both the author and publishers, and should 
find a place in the library of every citizen of Texas." — Henrietta Journal. 

" Five hundred copies have been sold in this Coxmty., and nearly as. 
many in every County in the State that has been canvassed. It is a 
work that should be in the house of every family in Texas." — Simay 
Leader. 



I haui 

I saw 



All the above were bound volumes and it is probable a number have 
been omitted. Besides these the author has any number of pamphlets, 
personal sketches, local histories, &c. 

Among the sources of historical information it would be wrong to- 
omit the " Texas Almanac " published at the office of the Galveston 
News ; Annually from 1867 to 1861 ; and from 1867 until 1873. That 
publication gives a current history of the times as well as a large num- 
ber of valuable historical documents of an earlier period. 

In this connection we ought also to mention the newspapers, with 
which Texas has been well supplied almost from its earliest settlement. 
In 1827 a paper was printed for a short time in Nacogdoches ; and one 
in Brazoria in 1833, which was discontinued in consequence of the chol- 
era epidemic of the next year. October 10, 1835 the first number of 
the Texas Telegraph was issued at San Felipe, by Baker & Borden. It 
was subsequently removed to Harrisburg, and a number had just been 
worked off from the press when the town was taken by Santa Anna, and 
burned. It next reappeared during the summer of 1836 at Columbia, 
and remained there until the seat of government was transferred to 
Houston when it became permanently located at that place. For a 
quarter of a century it was edited by Dr. Francis Moore, Jr. , with great 
ability. It was of incalculable benefit to Texas during the republic and 
subsequent to annexation. 

In 1838 the G^alveston Civilian appeared and in a few years becauie a 
daily, the first daily in the State. For thirty years Hamilton Stuart, was 
its editor in chief. For a few years past Mr. Stuart has been upon the 
editorial staff of the Galveston News. The News was started in 1838 
by Mr. Case, but soon became the jiroperty of Willard Richardson, 
under whose management it became the leading paper in the State. Mr. 
IX. died in Galveston in 187 — . 



FARMING IN TEXAS. 47 

In 1840 there were twelve newspapers in the Hepuhlio ; nsfoUows: 
two in Austin; three in Houston; two in Galveston; und one each in 
San Augustine, Brazoria, San Louis, Matagorda, Riclimond and "Wash- 
ington. In 1870 there were one hundred and twelve papers in the State. 
In 1873 there were 108 Democratic i)apers ; 12 Republican; G Neutral 
in politics ; 4 Religious, and 2 devoted to Agriculture. Since that per- 
iod there have been in the neighboorhood of two hundred different 
papers published in the State. The number is constantly varying, as new 
papers spring into being and. some of the older ones are discontinued. 



FARMING IN TEXAS. 



It is now nearly sixty _years since the Anglo-Americans settled in 
Central and Eastern Texas. During all that period there has not been 
a single total failure of crops. Tliere have been short crops, and par- 
tial failures in some localities, but we believe there has been no year in 
which there was not sufficient corn and other provisions raised for home 
consumption. In a series of ten 3'ears, the reports of the Agricultural 
Bureau place the average production of corn at about twenty-three 
bushels per acre. With the increase of population, there has been a 
steady increase of production, both of corn and cotton, our principal 
agricultural products. 

The year 1879 has been an exceptionally dry year in Texas. From 
the middle of May to the second week in August there were no general 
rains. Showers fell in places, but crops were cut short b}' a severe 
drouth. In the crop reports which appeared from time to time during 
this excessive drouth, we noticed this observation often repeated: 
" Farmers who broke up their ground thoroughly' and earl}' in the win- 
ter, will make fair crops." In a long residence in Texas, we have often 
heard the same observation. Deep and early plowing will insure crops 
almost any season, in any part of Texas. But the seasons here are 
long, and corn ma?/, possibly, make a good crop, planted at any time 
from the first of February to the first of May and even later. Tlie 
planter who wishes to be sure of a remunerative cro}). must run his 
plow deep, and begin early in the winter to ])reak up his ground. 

After advising the farmer to begin early, and plow his ground thor- 
oughly, it is hardly necessary to say much more. The exercise of good 
common sense, and the knowledge gained from observation and experi- 
ence, will guide him in cultivating his crop. The first thing is to get a 
good stand, and as early as the young plant will grow off vigorously. 



48 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

After that a vigorous campaign must be prosecuted against weeds, which^ 
in tiiis rich soil, grow with great rapidity. Especially after a rain must 
cultivators and hoes be kept moving. In ordinary seasons, after the 
ground has been thoroughly gone over and the crop reduced to a stand, 
there will be but little trouble in keeping it in a healthy and growing 
condition. 



MANUFACTURES. 



It must be acknowledged that Texas does not take a high rank as a 
manufacturing State ; and the reason is obvious. Other pursuits are 
more certain in their results, and more profitable. No man will work 
in a factory for forty or fifty cents a day when he can make sevent}^- 
five cents or a dollar working in a cotton field ; and no capitalist will 
put his money in factories to yield an income of ten or twelve per cent, 
when he can put it in a sheep or cattle ranch and realize 20 or 30 per 
cent. Still there are some factories, and as the country becomes more 
densely populated, Texas is destined to become an extensive manufac- 
turing S.tate. We have the timber for furniture ; the wool and cotton 
for cloth ; the iron, coal, etc. ; the water power in almost unlimited 
quantities, and in the immediate neighborhood of the largest cotton 
plantations, and most numerous floclvs of sheep, and where living is as- 
cheap as at any place on the Continent. 

FoundHes. — One of the first attempts to open a foundry was at Kel- 
leyville, near Jefferson, where there is an inexhaustible supply of iron 
ore. A foundry and blast furnace was put in operation here in 1860, 
working from the native ore, and now manufacturing plows, country 
hollow ware, cooking and heating stoves, etc., in extensive quantities. 
This foundry consumes annually 700 tons of pig-iron, besides other 
metals entering into the business of production. 

Another immense mountain of valuable iron ore is found near Rusk,. 
Cherokee County, where furnaces were operated during the war. The 
new penitentiary, recently erected there, was with a view of utilizing 
the labor of convicts in the management of furnaces. There are also 
furnaces at Dallas, Sulphur Springs, Houston, and other i:4aces. 

Nearly every neighborhood in the State has its Mills for grinding 
flour and meal for home consumption. With the rapid increase in the 
production of wheat in the last few 3-ears merchant mills have multiplied, 
and elevators have been erected for the handling aui shipment of grain. 
Dallas has Mills with a capacit}^ for manufacturing about four hundred 



MANUFACTURES. 49 

barrels of flour per day ; Sherman about the same ; Waco 350 ; Fort 
Worth 250; Houston 200; Terrell 175; and a number of other cities 
manufacture a greater or less amount. 

The first Cotton Seed Oil Mills put in operation were at Hempstead, 
in 1860. In 1878-9 those mills turned out 4,800,000 pounds of oil cake ; 
and 250,000 gallons of oil. There are also Oil Mills at B*yan, Calvert 
and some other points. There was one at Brenham, but it was not 
profitably managed, and was finall}^ consumed by fire. Thousands 
upon thousands of tons of Cotton seed are annually lost in Texas for 
want of mills to convert it into cake and oil. 

Before the war the only Cotton compress in the State was at Galves- 
ton ; now every leading Cotton Shipping point on the line of our numer- 
ous railways, has a compress, and some of them two 

A number of factories have at different times been erected for the 
manufacture of Cotton thread and cloth ; but we regret to state that 
they have not been remarkably successful. 

During the war a good many machines for carding wool were intro- 
duced, and it is possible some of them are still in use to supply a home 
demand for rolls. The most successful woolen manufactory is at New 
Braunfels. These mills turned out during the year 86,500 j^ards cas- 
simeres, worth $77,850 ; 850 pairs blankets, worth $3,825 ; making the 
value of the mills total production $81,675. The success of this in- 
dustry is positive assurance of the ability of the south to manufacture 
with profit from the raw material, with capital properly invested and 
properly managed. 

There are also woolen mills in successful operation at Sulphur Springs. 

The statistics of our manufacturing interests are exceedingly meager. 
The first report of the comptroller of the State in which tools, machinery, 
&c., is mentioned was for the year 1876; and these items were then 
mentioned in connection with wagons, carriages, &c., and the total 
value was $5,652,902. In 1877 the vehicles were reported separately 
and their value amounted to $4,919,446; while manufacturing ma- 
chinery, tools, etc. amounted to $3,955,874; and the manufactured ar- 
ticles on hand and subject to taxation to $307,802. In 1878 the value 
of machinery, tools, etc. is $3,946,253 ; and the value of manufactured 
articles on hand, $352,927. 

An inspection of the comptroller's report for 1878 shows that twenty- 
one counties have machinerj', tools, etc., worth over $50,000 ; as follows : 
Bell. $51,790; Bowie, $50,656; Cherokee, $52,425; Collins, $56,840; 
Dallas, $193,600; Denton, $52,604 ; Ellis, $82,630 ; Fannin, $76,686; 
Fayette, $68,375; Galveston, $239,274; Grayson, $129,905; Harris, 
$110,940; Hill, $62,688; Hunt, $53,428; Lamar, $53,428; McLennan,' 
$172,559; Navarro, $90,264; Red River, $50,788; Robertson, $79,680; 



00 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

Tarrant, $102,193; Travis, $131,820. Other counties range, from 
Washington with $49,250 worth, down to a few hundred dollars. An 
inspection of the above figures shows that a large proportion of the 
"machinery" reported consists of agricultural implements. We have 
no report of the actual value of manufactured products in our State ; 
but as this industry is developed probably, we shall be furnished with 
more accurate information. 



TEXAS A RESORT FOR INVALIDS. 



From the earliest settlement of Texas its salubrious climate had made 
it a favorite resort for invalids, especially those threatened with pul- 
monary affections — that fatal disease which, in the severe climate of the 
North, carries off so large a proportion of the population. We give one 
example: In 1817 David G. Bvu^net entered Texas in such feeble health 
that he was ur.able, without assistance, to mount a horse. For nearly 
two years he led a roving life with a friendly band of Comanche Indians. 
At the end of tliat time his health was so perfectly restored that he de- 
termined to make Texas his permanent home. He lived for more than 
fifty years, and was the first President of the Republic. He died in 
Galveston in 1870. Another and scarcely less distinguished statesman. 
William H. Wharton, came to Texas an in^-alid — found restored health, 
and lived to render invaluable service to his adopted country. There 
are hundreds, if not thousands, now living in Texas who owe their lives 
to ourhealthrestoring, life-renewing climate. But it is true that of the 
thousands who annually come here for their health, not a few find 
graves. They come too late ; when the fatigue of the trip, and the dis- 
comforts to which they may be subjected, are too great for their 
enfeebled constitutions. 

There is a difference of opinion, even among our own experienced 
physicians, as to the best portion of Texas for invalids to spend the 
winter. For those very feeble, it would probably be better to go to the 
lower country and spend the cold weather in immediate proximity with 
a sugar house, wher^ they could inhale its atmosphere, and be com- 
paratively free from the effects of the severe northers of the prairie 
region. 

Others who have sufficient vitali^A" to endure a more active life would 
do well to prepare themselves for camping out, provide ample means 
for hunting and fishing and start for the rarer and dryer atmosi)here of 
the mountainous regions of Western Texas. It will be best to pitch 
their camp in locations well protected by timber, and when an occa- 



-ri^s. '•'■7^i 




BOWEN'S BEND. SAN ANTONIO RIVER. 



ANSWER TO INQUIRIES ABOUT TEXAS. 61 

sional severe norther prevails, remain in camps, but during the pleasant 
weather of the fall and winter spend the time in fishing and hunting, 
and live upon the game thus secured. To those who have a taste for 
these sports this will be very pleasant ; and for invalids nothing is more 
conducive to their health and good digestion than the wild meat. And 
if these hunting parties penetrate the range of the buffaloes they may 
not only find restored health and the greatest abundance of food, but 
by saving the peltries be able to remunerate themselves for the expenses 
of the trip. We believe all our physicians advise invalids coming to 
Texas to take plenty of out-door exercise. No evil consequences result 
from sleeping In the open air. The more the invalid can live out-doors, 
the better the prospect of his recovery. 



ANSWER TO INQUIRIES ABOUT TEXAS. 



Hon. C. R. Stewart of Montgomery County has been for more than 
forty years a resident of Texas ; much of the time in public office. In 
1870 the Texas Almanac published a letter from Dr. Stewart, in answer 
to inquiries about Texas, which we republish, as follows : 

1. Extent of Territory, Soil, &c. — In the vast and comprehensive 
territory of the State of Texas — extending eastward and westward eight 
hundred miles, and more than six hundred miles from south to north — 
there is almost every variety, character and description of country, com- 
bined with an unsurpassed wealth of soil, and hence possessing an 
almost unlimited capacity for growing profitably all of the productions 
of the temperate zones. To these advantages are to be added those of 
rearing all species of live stock with great facility and at little cost upon 
our great and luxuriant natural pastures. Numerous and well attested 
instances are to be found all over the State of frugal and careful persons 
who have risen in a few years from poverty to independence, even to 
large wealth, from a beginning of a few head of cattle and sheep. 

2. As to Prairies and Timber Lands. — In the western and nothern 
parts of the State the prairies are very extensive ; they may be said to 
be immense, with wide -'bottoms" of timber on the rivers and streams. 
Prairies of lesser extent, surrounded by and intermixed with woodlands, 
are to be found in the middle sections, and ""open," post-oak timbered 
lands diversify the character of the country in many portions of the 
State. 

There are in Eastern Texas, beginning on the San Jacinto and Trinity 
j'lvors, whole counties of woodlands, abounding in valuable pine, cypress, 



52 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

white, and red, and other oaks, ash, elm. hickory — white and bhack mul- 
berry, cedar, beech, dogwood, magnolia, holly, ironwood, bois d'arc, 
with river access to market by light draft steamers. 

3. Soil — Our prairies and timbered lands embrace, to a considerable 
extent, like varieties of soils, among them the noted rich, black adhesive 
land — as black as that of the' Mohawk valley of the State of New York — 
but far more tenacious and enduring — and red lands of like description, 
fertility and durability. These lands have been extensively cropped 
through a long series of years without having been manured, and they 
do not show sj'mptoms of exhaustion. The sandy or lighter soils are 
extensively fertile, and all of them have proven to be much more pro- 
ductive than like soils in the Carolinas and Georgia. The^e are gener- 
ally sustained by clay foundation near the surface, and hence, whenever 
it becomes necessary to renew them with fertilizers, an easy restoration 
of their productiveness will be practicable. 

4. Yield to the Acre. — Our ordinary uplands, " cultivated in a far- 
mer-like manner," will yield, without manure, fifteen to twenty bushels 
of corn to the acre, and from seven to nine hundred j^ounds of seed cot- 
ton to the acre. These are low averages for favoral)le seasons, but I 
would rather speak within than exceed the proper averages. Our 
farmers sa}', that if the same thorough cultivation was afforded to our 
thinner soils which our richer lands encourage to bestow upon them, 
much larger averages would attend these two main productions. The 
yield of our richer land, under the present s^'stem of cultivation, is 
double, and sometimes treble that of the thinner lands — say fort}' ■ to 
sixty bushels of corn, and two to three thousands pounds seed cotton, 
or about five hundred pound of lint to the acre. Since the prevalence of 
the cotton worm, our average of cotton has been materially lessened ; 
but, with the enhanced price of the staple prevailing over the prices 
obtained at fornaer periods when the worms did not molest the crop, the 
cotton we save affords about the same amount of net returns. 

5. As to low and malarious and elevated, and healthy districts of coun- 
try. — Level plains and prairies intersected and drained by i-ivers and 
deep channels extend inward from the coast and northwardly a hundred 
miles or more. These are succeeded at first by a slightly undulating 
country, which becomes more elevated as you proceed northward into 
the interior, finally attaining, in the north-western portion of the State, 
a, mountainous' character. In all of these districts of country agricultu- 
ral and stock-raising pursuits munificently repay our labor and care, 
and frugal and industrious husbandmen and stock raisers are everywhere 
becoming independent and wealthy. 

6. Health of the country, of its cities and towns, malarious districtc, &c. 
— It may be safely said that the \)eopie of no State in the Union, or out- 



KITCHEN gakdp:ning. 53: 

side of it, enjoy a higher standard of general health. Consumption, 
that dreaded disease of so many of the States, rarely or ever originates^ 
in Texas, and many who come here predisposed, or suffering in incipient 
conditions of consumption, are restored to health and live out their 
proper natural lives. •' Winter" and typhoid fevers very seldom prevail 
as epedemics, and the casfes that do occasionally appear do not prove of 
the stubborn and protracted character that attends them in the older 
States. Endemical diseases are few, and in general they are easily and 
quickly subdued. "We have nothing of the swampy, marshy, or malar- 
ious districts of South Carolina, Georgia or other Southern States. 



KITCHEN GARDENING. 



Every farmer, and even every tenant upon a farm should have a kitch- 
en garden. This patch should be fenced in, thoroughly manured, and 
well broken up, either by sub-soiling or with a spade. In southern 
Texas a number of seeds may be put in the ground in January, such as 
English peas, lettuce, beets, raddishes, onion sets, salsify, leeks, etc., etc. 

The same seeds may be planted in February, with the addition of 
early corn, Irish potatoes, and tomatoes in beds. In March and April 
all kinds of garden vegetables may be planted ; tomatoes, cabbage, early 
sweet potatoes, from sprouts, egg plants, peppers, squashes, etc. Late 
in April and in May all kinds of melons, cucumbers, etc., may be put in 
the ground ; and for a succession of crops, beets, peas, beans, oarrots, 
large corn, etc. The summer months are usually too hot and dry for 
successful gai-dening, except where the ground can be irrigated. 

When the fall rains set in the gardener must improve the season ta 
plant turnips, onions, leeks, parsnips, kale, borecolo, salsify, spinach, 
etc. Lettuce, mustard, radishes, etc., ma^- also do well, if the fall is- 
late. Probably ;io part of the farm contributes so much to the comfort 
and support of the family as a well cultivated, and carefully tended, 
kitchen garden. 



MARKET GARDENING. 



Those who have engaged in raising A'egetables for the market in the 
neigborhood of our large cities have found it exceedingly remunerative. 
Before the late civil war this business was carried on almost exclusively 



54 TEXAS ALMAISTAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

in western Texas by Germans. The American farmer devoted himself to 
the cultivation of cotton. Recently, however gardening is becoming a 
regular branch of business with all classes of our citizens. The genial 
climate, and inexhaustible soil is very favorable to gardening. Ordinary 
garden vegetables, fruits, etc. may be produced from one month to six 
weeks earlier here than in more northern latitudes. There is no reason 
why Texas should not supply tons of vegetables for northern cities, 
while those cities are still suffering the rigors of winter. Hitherto our 
railways have not offered such inducements in the way of cheap and 
rapid transit as to encourage the trade in vegetables. But this will, un- 
doubtely soon be done. The north will demand these early vegetables. 
We can furnish them in unlimited quantities ; and the lines of transpor- 
tation will find it to their interest to furnish extra trains or extra cars 
for this special business. The product of one acre cultivated in garden 
vegetables will realize the farmer as much as ten acres cultivated in cot- 
ton or corn ; and there are millions of acres along the lines of our rail- 
roads admirably adapted to this business. 



IMPROVED STOCK. 



Thirty years ago the stock men of Texas paid but little attention to 
the improvement of the grade of their stock. Nor was it necessary. 
One hundred or one thousand dollars invested in common cattle, mares, 
or sheep, would, with very little attention, be worth at least two hun- 
dred or two thousand at the end of the second year ; and this was con- 
sidered but a moderate increase. The range was .inexhaustible. But 
the settlement of the country, and the fencing in of so large a portion 
of the land, now makes it important to give attention to the grade of 
stock. A cow worth one hundred dollars will eat no more and require 
put little more attention than one worth ten dollars. So of horse stock. 
An animal worth one hundred dollars can be as chcaplj^ raised as one 
Worth fifteen or twenty. And so of sheep. Gradually, our stock men 
are improving their breeds. The old, tliin, slab-sided hog of the i)rairie 
has disappeared, and in his place we now see fine specimens of the best 
improved breeds. So of the sheep, the long-haired Mexican ewe is 
seldom met with ; but in her place we see the best Merino, and other 
improved grades. The Spanish mare is occasionally seen in the West, 
but generally attended by a fine stallion — so gradually, our stocks are 
improving in value. But we are still far behind other States. In Rhode 
Island the average price of horses is $93.35 — in Texas only $27.45 : less 



THE AISTGORA GOAT. 55 

than any other State. The next lowest is California, where the average 
is $40.94. 

In New Jersey the average price of milk cows is S41.50 — in Texas 
$27.45. The State ranking next to Texas is Florida, where the cows 
average $15.75. Sheep in New Jersey average $4.46: in Texas $2.09. 
The lowest average is in California, $1.52. In twelve other States the 
average price is below Texas, showing that Texas is rapidly raising lier 
grades of wool and sheep. In Massachusetts the average price of hogs 
is $13.86 : in Texas $3.67 : in Florida $2.59. In the report of the Agri- 
cultural Bureau oxen are ranked with other cattle as beef steers. Tuc 
average price of such cattle in Rhode Island is $44.90 : in Texas $10.72, 
and in Florida $8.07. We give these figures as an indication to the 
stock raisers of our State of the value to which their various classes of 
stock may be raised by proper attention to breeds and culture. 



THE ANGORA GOAT. 



In 1849 eight head of these goats were brought to Austin, Texas, by 
Mr. R. Williamson, agent of a Tennessee company. They were then 
known as the Cashmere Shawl Goat. With these and the occasional 
importation of others, the goat has become generally distributed through 
Texas. There is a fine flock at the Leon Springs, in Bexar County. 

In October, 1875, Mr. J. W. Dunn, of Corpus Christi, imi)orted a 
small flock purchased from Col. Robert W. Scott, of Frankfort, Ken- 
tucky. After four years' experience, Mr. Dunn says : "I find them to 
be both healthy and hardy — standing our wet northers better than the 
common goat. The males will shear about five pounds and the females 
about three and a half pounds, each. My last spring clip was sold to 
Messrs. Kitching Brothers, of New York, for seventy cents per pound, 
for the entire lot. And this when the best Texas improved wool from 
sheep sold at eighten cents. The goat is nearly omnivorous, eating 
almost every shrub, and can live with but little grass. There are in 
Texas millions of acres of rough, hilly countr}-^ admirably adai)ted to 
range for goats ; and where nothing else could be made to live. The 
goat is naturally a hardy animal, and free from the diseases so destruc- 
tive to flocks of sheep. The Angora is a success in California, and 
from my experience I have no hesitation in saying they can be made as 
profitable in Texas as in California, or even Natalia, their native Asiatic 
home." 



56 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

TEXAS NURSERIES. 



Before the late civil war the attention of Texas farmers was devoted 
almost exclusively to the production of the great staples — corn, cotton 
and sugar ; though a few planted peaches, figs, etc. in the southern 
part of the state, and with them some pears, apples, plums, etc. in 
other sections. About 1854 Mr. Thomas Aftleck, a native of Scotland, 
removed from Mississippi, where he had been engaged in the nursery 
business, to the neighborhood of Gay Hill, AVashington County, bring- 
ing many of his plants with him and on a maguiflcent tract of land 
commenced the cultivation of fruit, etc. He was just getting his bus- 
iness well under way when the war came on and interrupted its suc- 
cessful prosecution. Mr. Aftleck published numerous communications 
on the subject of fruit culture, and a small book on hedging and had 
he lived, would have contributed largely to the prosperity of the state. 
He died soon after the war ; but he had, in the meantime distributed 
thousands of the best varieties of fruit bearing trees throughout the state. 

Soon after the close of the war, Mr. William Watson started the 
Rosedale Nursery near Brenham ; Mr. A. Whitaker commenced a simi- 
lar business at Houston ; Mr. G. Ouderdonk, in Mission Valley, Vic- 
toria County ; Mr. Ammon Burr, first near Port Lavaca, in Calhoun 
County, but soon removed to Dallas. Mr. Burr died in the Spring of 
1879. Mr. J. W. Brice has a nursery at Terrell, Kaufman County. 
Two years ago Dr. Perl, a native of Hungary, engaged in the business, 
near Galveston. Of his success we find the following account in a 
newspaper : 

"The success of his venture has been watched by many and the wine 
he exhibited at the last pomological fair, made from the Concord grape 
of but 18 months growth, proved what may be the crowning result of 
his new enterprise. In an inclosure of fifteen acres are two hundred 
di:fferent varieties of grapes, including vines from cuttings imported 
from Persia, Hungary and other far eastern countries, prospering and 
growing side by side with domestic varieties. Dr. Perl, through scien- 
tific culture, is testing the adaptability of this soil to the growth of all 
tropical fruits. He has many rare plants from China, which are flourish- 
ing. Orange, lemon and bannana trees now bearing. Pineapple grow- 
ing beautifully ; cherries, domestic and Japan ])lums, quinces, peaches, 
apricots, figs, chestnuts, walnuts, almonds, filberts, pecans and the 
Japan persimmon, called in its native country, "the fruit of the gods.' " 

All these foreign fruits are thriving, and though yet too young to bear, 
seem to be doing as well as though in their native soil. His extensive 
greenhouse is a perfect museum of rai-e and, to this country, exceeding- 



SUGAR-CANE CULTURE. 57 

ly odd plants, among which is the coffee plant, growing luxuriantly, but 
not yet bearing. The doctor and naturalist has many varieties of 
orange trees, one particularly noticeable for its .dwarfish proportions, 
one tree being pointed out, the altitude of which would not exceed six 
inches, yet bearing two large and fully matured oranges. 



SUGAR-CAXE CULTURE ON THE RIO GRANDE. 



In the latter part of 1869, Mr. Geo. Brulay started a cotton ranche 
on the Rio Grande, below Brownsville, but owing to ravages of the 
worm the enterprise did not succeed. Mr. Brulay then determined to 
try the cultivation of sugar-cane. Against the advice of old settlers, 
who declared the land unsuitable, in 1874 he planted twenty-five or 
thirty acres of cane. It grew splendid!}^, some of it to the height of ten 
to eighteen feet. That year he made a considerable quanty of piloncillo^ 
a dark sugar much esteemed by Mexicans, who prefer it to ordinary 
kinds. The next year he doubled his acreage, and ordered a well and 
pump for irrigation. Being inexperienced in the business he labored 
under great disadvantages. That year he made a large quantity, equal 
to best Louisiana, which found ready sale in New York. He has 
increased his acreage from j-ear to year, and by irrigating has never 
failed to realize an increased production. 

The sugar-plant grows from five to seven years without replanting ; 
and when properly cultivated and irrigated the yield per acre is about 
3,000 pounds. Mr. Brulay' s last year's crop amounted to over 300,000 
pounds of choice sugar from about one hundred and ten acres of cane. 
He believes the Rio Grande Valley can be made without exception the 
garden of the world. 



BEE CULTURE. 



Texas is a very fine country for Bees. When first visited by the Ameri- 
cans swarms Avere found in large numbers. They are said to be the pio- 
neers of civilization. They are still found in the unsettled portions of the 
State. But they have many depredators. Not only does man, but wild 
beasts, especially bear, rob their delicious stores. We give an instance 
related by Rev. Jonas Dancer, formerly of Llano County. He had dis- 
covered a swann whose entrance was at an almost inaccessible point in 
a cliff of the Pack saddle mountain. With diflflculty he succeeded in erect- 



58 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

ing a ladder so as to reach the cavity. It was late in the evening, and 
he concluded to wait until morning to rob the bees. During the night 
bruin discovered the ladder and devoured the honey. 

We have often wondered that so little attention is paid to Bee culture. 
If this is a profitable business in New England and Canada, where for 
four months in the year the earth is covered with snow, it certainly must 
be in Texas where flowers bloom every month, and during most of the 
j^ear in the greatest profusion. In the AVest, even during periods of 
the sevei-est droughts, the common shrubs and growth of that region 
bear a succession of flowers — such as the Ouesatche, the Mesquit, the 
Ebony, and the thousand varieties of the Cactus. This branch of bus- 
mess has not been altogether neglected. In almost every neighborhood 
a few swarms ma,y be found, though very little attention is paid to them 
and they seem to live merelj'' from their natural tenacity to life. As to 
their houses : some are placed in emptj'- flour barrels, with sticks across 
them ; others in discarded goods boxes, similarly prepared ; others in 
hollow trees sawed off ; others in oblong boxes made by sawing off four 
pieces of plank, and nailing another across the top ; and then again, 
others go to the expense of purchasing some one of the numerous pat- 
ent bee palaces. As to the place — they may be seen scattered promis- 
cuously about in the fence corners ; under shade trees ; in front yards, 
back yards, gardens, and in some instances, are left just where they 
happen to light when they are placed in their box, or whatever has been 
prepared for their reception. As to the care which they receive — in 
many instances it amounts to about this : they are hived when the}^ 
swarm, and robbed when the necessities of the family demand hone3^ 

Up to the present time very few persons in Texas have made the cul- 
ture of bees a specialty. A few have tried experiments with the Italian, 
and others, crossing them with the common bees ; and the experiments 
are said to have proved very satisfactory. A few years since, Kemp, 
who lived in the city of Brennan, tried some colonies of these bees, and 
it was said he shipped honey to market by the barrel. We occasionally 
0see notices in the papers of the shipment of honey, but have no statis- 
tics of'the honey or beeswax products of the State. A newspaper para- 
graph — July, 1879 — says a man in Delta County took to market at one 
time eighty gallons of honey. The same man is reported to have three 
hundred stands of bees. 

Another statement went the rounds of the Texas press about the same 
time, to the effect that a gentleman in Fort Bend County had taken to 
market three tons of liouey from' seventy-one stands of bees, and 
expected to take another ton before the season closed. 

The capacit)'^ of Texas for the production of honey is almost illim- 



PRODUCTION OF PRECIOUS METALS. 59 

itable. It is said that in some districts on the continent of Europe 
there are as many as thirty- stands of bees to the acre. There, of 
course, there must ha^-e been special pains tal^en to raise flowers and 
fruits for the bees. But suppose that in Texas we had one stand to 
the acre ; or even produced one pound of honey to tlie acre — the honey 
would be wortli $20,000,000 — as much as our corn crop. It is a beau- 
tiful business ; one that can be prosecuted with very little capital ; and 
every familj', even of renters, might have a few stands of bees. It is a 
business in which ladies may, pleasantty and profitably, engage. If 
those females who are killing themselves over sewing machines or cook- 
ing stoves would select a good location, and secure a few stands of bees 
and give them their attention, they would find in this out-door employ- 
ment renewed health, and a competency. In almost all i)arts of Texas, 
scientific men, and amateur apiarists, have colonies of Italian bees, 
from whom swarms can be obtained at reasonable prices. 

As to the profit of the business, much depends upon the season, the. 
location, etc. A vei-y large and thrifty swarm, in a very favorable year, 
maj- make $20 worth of hone}', one-half of which might be taken.- An 
average of $5 per annum, for a swarm, would be a pretty fair estimate. 
A stand will cost $5 ; will jn'oduce $5 worth of honey and another swarm 
worth $5 every year. Perhaps it would not be advisable for those 
■entering upon the business to spend much money in building houses for 
protection and purchasing what are called ))ee })alaces. The fact 
that the bee seems to do ver}- well wild in the woods in hollow trees, 
and crevices in the rocks, shows that it is not very choice in its house. 
Begin upon a cheap scale, and gradually improve as experience and 
observation show to be practicable and necessary to success. 



PRODUCTION OF PRECIOUS METALS. 



Some very interesting figures on the production of i)recious metals 
have been given by Dr. Adolph Soetbeer. It is estimated by good 
authorities that prior to 1492 there were no more than $105,000,000 of 
specie in Europe available for exchange. Since that time and up to 
1878 the production of gold is put at $6,012,193,087, and of silver at 
$7,970,429,920. It is interesting to note the production of each cen- 
tury since the discovery of America. Before that time the yield of all 
the mines of the world was less thtvn the requirements of trade. The 
modern history of gold and silver begins with the unlocking of the 
stores of the New World by Columbus. The total production ,in the 
one hundred and eight years from 1493 to 1600 amounted to $501,093,- 



60 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

248 gold, an average of $4,645,307 per annum, and $979,024,900 in. 
silver, an average of $9,065,045. For the one huridred years from 1601 
to 1700 it amounted to $606,314,580 gold, an average of $6,063,145 per 
annum, and $1,596,407,750 silver, an average of $15,964,077. In the- 
one hundred years, 1701 to 1800, the production aggregated $1,262,- 
806,400 gold, an average of $12,628,064 per annum, and $2,445,371,- 
337 silver, an average of $24,453,413 per annum. In the seventy years, 
1801 to 1878, the yield was $4,278,038,135 gold, an average of $54,- 
846,642 per annum, and $2,969,306,913 silver, an average of $38,068,- 
037 per annum. It is during the past twenty-eight years that the pro- 
duction of the precious metals has been most surprising, as the follow- 
ing table, giving the returns by decades, will show : 

Gold. Silver, 

1801 to 1810. $11,815,258 $38,336,681 

1811 to 1820 7,606,347 23,185,5ia 

1821 to 1830 9,447,953 19,746,510 

1831 to 1840 13,484,069 25,572,693 

1841 to 1850 36,392,831 33,460,293 

1851 to 1860 134,107,307 38,396,8ia 

1861 to 1870 125,284,742 52,312,537 

1871 to 1878 112,081,618 82,400,000 



I « « » 



EXAMPLES OF SUCCESSFUL FARMING IN TEXAS. 
(republished from Richardson's texas almanac for 1872.) 



Judge William M. Taylor, of Crocket, Houston County, says, " B. 
W. Neal, a white man, cultivated last year, in this county, four acres 
in cotton and four in corn. He is sixty-three years old, and nearly 
blind from sore eyes. His land is upland, and what we call poor. His 
crop was 2,100 pounds lint cotton and 150 bushels corn. James H. 
Murray, fifty years old, his son nineteen years, and a negro woman near 
sixty years, raised last year 19 bales of cotton of 500 pounds each, and 
600 bushels of corn, besides a large crop of potatoes, and abundance of 
vegetables. The Bonham (Fannin County) News says, "A planter on 
Red River, Mr. Z. B. Sims, is cultivating 42 acres of cotton and 20 
acres of corn to the hand with his new patent plow. The corn it is esti- 
mated, will make 60 bushels per acre, 1,200 bushels in all. The cotton, 
say 30 bales to 40 acres. The corn will bring him, at 50 cent per bushel, 
$600 ; and the cotton, at 15 cents per pound. $2,250 ; making, in all, the 
snug little sura of $2,840. If we subtract the expenses, say one third 
of the above amount, we have $1,700 left for the producer — the result 
of one man's labor." 



EXAMPLES OF SUCCESSFUL FARMING IN TEXAS. 61 

Messrs. Carroll & Doughert}' give us the following instance in Denton 
County, to which, we presume, should be added the usual value of the 
increase of stock of all kinds, such as good farmers generally have, 
namely, about S500 : 

"Mr. Brumly, in January, 1869, purchased a tract of 210 acres, with 
45 acres in cultivation, for $1,500. The farm during the year was cul- 
tivated by himself and his two sons, (bo3-s,) and hired labor to the value 
of §140. On the first day of January following, after reserving one 
year's supplies, the value of products was as follows : 

Cotton $1600 00 

Corn, 400 bushels 200 00 

Oats, 300 bushels 120 00 

Potatoes, 100 bushels 50 00 

Sorghum, 50 gallons 37 50 

Peas, 10 bushels 10 00 

Total product S2017 50 

Deduct price of farm and hired labor 1640 00 

Excess of crop above value of farm $377 50 

*' This is only one instance among many we could give in this county." 

A citizen of Tarrant County gives us an instance of 80 acres in corn 
and 40 in wheat, cultivated by a freedman, assisted by five common 
hands. They made 5,000 bushels of corn; but the grasshoppers de- 
stroyed most of the wheat, but for which they would have harvested 
about 500 bushels of wheat. The corn was worth about $4,000, and the 
wheat, if saved, $1,000. This shows what freedmen may do in Texas 
if they will work. 

Mr. Sawyer, from Illinois, bought 100 acres in Bell County, on the 
Lampasas, four miles south of Belton, and paid $700 for the land, on 
the 10th of June, 1867, and with his own labor alone he fenced and cul- 
tivated thirty acres that year, after building a cabin to live in. He 
raised and harvested 1,500 bushels of corn, with 100 ])ushels of potatoes 
and vegetables, etc., for his family. The labor of cultivation, including 
the breaking up of the ground and harvesting, took but three months of 
the 3'ear. His crop at the time of gathering was worth, at the home 
market price, $850. 

In Wise County, Mr. Bradstreet, with no help but his little boy, has 
raised on a rented farm eleven bales of cotton, besides an abundance of 
corn and vegetables for his own nse. 

In the same county, Mr. I. B. Riddle, with a small boy, his son, raised 
last 3^ear 1,200 bushels of corn and 500 bushels of oats, together with 
vegetables and some other products. 

In the same county, Mr. Smith, with a colored boy, has raised this 
vear 900 bushels of corn, 400 bushels of wheat, and 500 bushels of oats. 



62 



TEXAS alma:n^ac and hand-book. 



STATE AND COUNTY STATISTICS. 



The area of the State of Texas according to the latest estimates is 
269,694 square miles. This includes a water area in the inland bays of 
2,692 square miles. The following summar^^ of property and value 
thereof is taken from the report of the comptroller for 1878- : 









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In 1878 there Avere one hundred and fifty-four organized counties irr 
the State. The following table gives tlie names of the Counties — the 
Area — County Seat — County Judge — Value of Livestock, including 
horses and mules, horned cattle, sheep and hogs — and the total value of 
all kinds of property — and also the votes cast for Govenor : 



6TATE AND COUNTY STATISTICS. 



63 





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I'alesline. 
9 Homer. 
Rockport. 
rieasanton. 
Bellville. 
Bandera. 
Basti'<q> 
Beeville. 
Bclton. 
•Snn Antonio. 
Blanco. 
Meiidian, 
iJoston. 
Brazoria. 
Bryan City. 
Brownwood. 
Caldwell. 
Burnet. 
Lock li art. 
Indianola. 
Belle Rlain. 
Biownsvillc. 
Pitsbui'of. 
Linden. 




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lX^i[ aiunbq ua.iy 


xxt^-tr—^^xxiftiftre — ieo;o5t-i— iiore-f<ox--r-^ 

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An.i;elina... 
Aiaiisiis.... 
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Austin 

i»andeia.... 
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Bee 

B.ell 

Bexar 

Blanco 

I>os(pie 

r>owie 

Brazoria.... 
Bnizas 

Burleson... 

Caldwell.... 
Callioim.... 
< allalian ... 
Cameron... 

Camp 

Cass 


1 


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"" ' "' ?i ^ 4- ^ ^ 1^ r^ r^ l-H ^ •M ?I /f 1 el !M 



64 



TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 



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STATE AND COUNTY STATISTICS. 



65 









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Galvestc 

Frederic 

Goliad. 

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liOnj^vie 

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Iloiistoi 

Marshal 

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Athens. 

Kdinhur 

Hillsltor 

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Sulphur 

Crocket 

Green vil 

Jacksbo 

Texana. 

Jasper. 

Beau mo 

Cle.hunu 

Helena. 






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TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 



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EFFECT OF RAILROADS. 69^ 

THE EFFECTS OF RAILROADS UPON OUR COM- 
MERCE. 



Before railroads were put in operation in Texas it was estimated' 
that about one-third of our cotton crop was exported to New Orleans 
via Red River. No little speculation was indulged as to what effect 
the opening of railroad communication with the north would have^ 
upon this trade. Would cotton from Northern Texas be exported to 
St. Louis and Chicago, or would the cotton raised in Northern Louisi- 
ana, Arkansas and the Indian Territory seek water transportation at the 
nearer ports of Texas? This cotton must reach a northern or a Euro- 
pean market, and as water transportation is so much cheaper than by- 
rail it was not unreasonable to suppose that so heavy an article would 
naturally flow to our seaports. It is now six years since Texas has been 
connected with St. Louis by rail, and how have the railroads affected 
our commerce? Apparently, it is still in an unsettled state, vibrating 
like a needle affected by different magnets. The cotton crop of 1878-79 
amounted to 951,053 bales; of which 562,735, or a little more than 
three-fifths was exported via Galveston. Of the remaining two-fifths- 
180,134 bales went out via Texarkana and 121,164 via Denison. From 
an article in the Galveston News, of September 13th, we copy the fol- 
lowing paragraphs showing the influences that affect this trade : 

"The International and Great Northern Railroad, it may be observed at 
once, is proportionately the principal feeder of Galveston's direct cotton 
commerce. On this line of railroad, from Huntsville to Longview, 90 per- 
cent of the entire cotton shipments went to Galveston direct. At the 
station of Overton, which is the intersection of the Henderson and 
Overton Railroad with the International line, 24,234 bales of cotton 
were received, 22,640 of which were shipped to Galveston. At Tyler a 
break in the trade current was discovered. Out of 16,000 bales shipped 
at that place only 8,870 sought this city for a market, the Tyler Tap 
toward the Texas and Pacific diverting the greater poi'tion of the re- 
mainder northward via St. Louis. Striking the Texas and Pacific at 
Miueola, and following that line northeastward around its Trans-Conti- 
nental branch, an actual reflex of the trade current was very perceptible. 
At Mineola Galveston received but 3,000 bales out of 12,000 local ship- 
ments ; at Longview still a smaller percentage; at Marshall, none ; at 
Jefferson, shipping 40,000 bales, scarcely a moiety ; at Texarkana, 
none ; at Clarksville, Paris, Honey Grove and Bonham, scarcely enough 
for mention. This exclusive current is not particularly to be wondered 
at, however, as the Transcontinental belt of country was never subject 
to the influence of Galveston's commerce. Before the raikoad era the- 



70 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

cotton trade of this region was transacted almost solely with New Or- 
leans and Shreveport ; and St. Louis penetrated the State in that direc- 
tion by rail before Galveston could get a foothold. The main line of the 
Texas and Pacific road, from Fort Worth to Mineola, gives to Galveston 
but a very moderate percentage of its cotton shipments. The Central 
Railroad, with its branches passing through the heaviest cotton-pro- 
ducing portions of the State, brings but a limited percentage of its cot- 
ton shipments direct to Galveston. Take the principal shipping points 
on this line from Denison to Houston. Denison, out of 6,800 bales 
local cotton, sent to Galveston 700 ; Sherman, out of 43,000 bales, sent 
to Galveston but 500 bales; Dallas, 43,345 bales, sent 3,151 to Galves- 
ton; MclCinney, 5,100 bales, sent 3,000; Piano, 1,230 bales, sent 689 
Ennis, 7,129 bales, sent 6,457; Corsicana, 17,412 bales, sent 4,431 
Mexia, 15,186 bales, sent 4,000; Groesbeeck, 2,137 bales, sent 2,000 
Kosse, 4,952 bales, sent 3,897.; Waco, 45,168 bales, sent 11,839 
Marlin, 12,129 bales, sent 8,948; Bremond, 2,358 bales, sent 2,292 
Calvert, 18,550 bales, sent 5,529; Hearne, 6,781 bales, sent 6,109 
Brj^an, 22,100 bales, sent 5,200; Navasota, 18,558 bales, sent 7,728 
Giddings, 10,745 bales, sent 7,648 ; Ledbetter, 11,093 bales, sent 6,840 
Brenham, 37,791 bales, sent, 4,500 ; Hempstead, 7,091 bales, sent 3,998. 
The mill buyer is found at all points of consequence on the Central 
line, and eastern direct shipmedts are fully two-thirds of the whoU'. 
The influence of the International line is felt again upon the Austin 
or Brazos division of this road. At Austin, where the International 
meets the Central, out of 26,619 bales local cotton shipped from that 
point, Galveston received 13,255 bales; at Round Rock, out of 16,139 
bales, Galveston got 15,122 ; at Taylorsville, out of 8,787 bales shipped, 
Galveston got 8,569 ; at Rockdale, out of 17,616 bales, Galveston re- 
ceived 15,412 ; and at Jewett, out of 5,263 bales, Galveston received all 
but 200. From the San Antonio and New Orleans railroad, out of ship- 
ments in excess of 100,000 bales, Galveston received direct over two- 
thirds of the whole. These figures are absolutely correct, as they are 
extracted from the records of thi railroads themselves. The deductions 
to be made are not numerous, but they are pertinent. It is found that 
at the larger interior shipping points — such as Sherman, Dallas, Fort 
Worth, Mexia, Corsicana, Waco, Calvert, Bryan and Brenham — the 
eastern mill buyer operates directly during the cotton season. He buys 
and ships to order, and has all the advantages of capital and necessity, 
lie is always at the top of the market. He commands freight rates ad- 
vantageously as against the producer or country merchant, and it is 
plain that discriminations are made in his favor by transportation cor- 



syste:m of public fkee schools, 71 

poratioiis desirous of the long haul or iuterostcHl in the divergence of 
trade currents. He has the advantages of compressing facilities at in- 
termediate points and at terminal connections. These operations on the 
line of the Central have been going on for years. To successfullj' com- 
pete with or counteract them requires equal transportation facilities and 
low freight rates." 

The above figures are significant and suggestive. Texas ports furnish 
a natural outlet for Texas products. Exterior lines of transportation 
and distant markets are competing for this trade. "Will they succeed in 
permanently securing it? 

The opening of direct railroad connection with New Orleans will in- 
troduce another competitor for the trade of South-eastern Texas. How 
will this affect the shipments of Houston and Galveston ? 

Since the opening of railroad communication between Houston and 
Galveston the former city has handled comparatively' little cotton, con- 
sidering it was the railroad center of southern Texas. But the opening 
■of the business season in September 1879 showed a diversion towards 
Houston of a considerable portion of the cotton crop. Will this be per- 
manent? and will there be a healthy rivalry between those two principal 
coast cities of our State ? It is well for the planters to have competing 
lines of transportation and competing marts of trade. It is well for the 
State when those competing lines and rival marts are in its own territo- 
ry and under its own control. 



OUR SYSTEM OF PUBLIC FREE SCHOOLS. 



The Governor of the State, the Comptroller of the Treasur3% and the 
Secretary of State, constitute, ex-officio, the Board of Education. Of 
this Board, Hon. O. N. Hollinsworth is the Secretary, and performs the 
duties of State Superintendent of Education, From IMr, Hollinsworth's 
biennial report, made for the Sixteenth Legislature, we extract the fol- 
lowing : 



72 



TEXAS ALBtANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 



SUMMAEY OF STATISTICS. 



For the Year Ending August 31st. 



Number of counties reported 

Scholastic population 

" " enrolled in school communities.. 

*' " that did not attend school 

Number of schools organized 

" " months schools were maintained 

" " teachers employed 

" " school houses built 



FINANCIAL EXHIBIT. 



Average salaries paid teachers 

' ' cost of tuition as per actual attendance 

" '• ■•' " " " community registration.. 

Value of school houses built 

Expenditures per payment of teachers 

" for building school houses 

" " rent of school houses 

Total expenditures 

Received from State appropriations 

" " department taxes under former law 

" " rent of county school lands 

'' " sale " ■•' " " 

" " local option fines 

" " dogtax 

'*• " sources not enumerated 

Totals received 

Total expenditures 

Balances on hand 



1877. 



135 



133,568 

20,962 

3,901 

3 

3,580 

159 



$35 

166 

126 

34,913 

832,729 

12,332 

3,598 

403,975 

427,556 

88,113 

500 

8,066 



1878. 



7,446 
631,830 
501,691 
130,599 



137 

164,946 

146,294 

23,96a 

4,633 

4 

4,330 

243 



176 

113 

54,267 

656,977 

29,648 

5,735 

702,288 

654,768 

20,117 

653 

48,558- 

658 

10,628 

14,439 

859.484 

747,534 

113,008 



For the year 1879 the school board appropriated $717,000. Dei'i-ed 
from the following sources : 

Interest on the permanent school fund yields as follows : 

On 5 per cent, bonds $ 4,395 

On 6 per cent, bonds 57,450 

On 7 per cent, bonds 6,930 

On railroad bonds 113,860 



Total interest $182,635 

The remainder is derived from — 

One-fourth of all back taxes (estimated) $ 20,000 

One-sixth '79 assessment added to school poll tax 

(estimated) 409,583 

Interest on notes given for school lands (estimated) 10,000 

Amount carried forward from last year 95,509 

To which add interest as above 182,635 



Total estimated avaihil.le laud $717,727 



SYSTEM OF PULIC FREE SCHOOLS. 



78 



Against this fund charge the following : 

For the support of Sam Houston normal school $ 14,000 

For cost of taking scholastic census 7,400 

For pay of county judges 16,000 

For salary secretary board of education 1,800 

For printing, advertising and postage 2,800 



Total $ 42,000 

This leaves for the pay of teachers about $675,727, or a fraction 
under $3 for each pupil of the public schools for the year. 

APPORTIONMENT TO THE SEVERAL COUNTIES FOR THE 
ENSUING SCHOLASTIC YEAR. 



. Appor- 

Appor- ,• ^'^ X 

.. ^^ , tionment 

tionment - 

for 1879. ^°"P^^^- 
ous year. 



Counties. 



Anderson. 
Angelina.. 
Aransas. . 
Atascosa . 
Austin . . . 
Bandera . . 
Bastro}) . . 
Baylor . . . 

Bee 

Bell 

Bexar . . . . 
Blanco . . . 
Bosque. . . 
Bowie . . . . 
Brazoria. . 
Brazos . . . 
Brown. . . . 
Burleson. . 
Burnet. . . 
Caldwell. . 
Calhoun. . 
Callahan. . 
Cameron . 
Cam p . . 

Cass 

Chambers. 
Cherokee . 

Clav 

Coliin 

Colorado. . 
Coleman . . 



Appor- 
tionment 
for 1879. 



Appor- 
tionment 
for previ- 
ous year. 



6,438 
2,95- 

423 
1,965 
6,561 
1,107 
6,282 

120 
1,056 
9,219 
4,104 
1,482 
4,959 
3,828 
6,162 
4,215 
3,786 
3,510 
3,687 
5,064 

861 

912 
4,980 
2,010 
7,320 

942 
7,275 
1,665 
0,683 
7,518 
1,581 



S 8,962 
3,972 
628 
4,336 
9,643 
1,347 
7,723 

1,628 
9,179 
4,474 
2,187 
6,160 
4,483 
7,030 
7,793 
4,988 
5,601 
3,599 
6,311 
870 
823 
7,191 
2,828 
8,577 
1,277 
9,560 
1,520 
14,087 
10,383 
1,858 



Counties. 



Comal . . . , 
Comanche, 
Concho . . , 
Cooke. . . . 
Coryell. . . , 
Dallas . . . . 

Delta 

Denton. . . . 
DeWitt. . . . 

Duval 

Eastland . . 
Edwards . . 

Ellis 

El Paso . . . 

Erath 

Falls 

Fannin . . . , 
Fayette . . . 
Fort Bend. 
Franklin . . 
Freestone . 

Frio 

Galveston . 
Gillespie . . 
Goliad . . . . 
Gonzales . . 
Grayson. . . 

Gregg 

Grimes. . . . 
Guadalupe. 
Hamilton. . 



I 3,729 
4,008 
129 
9,024 
6.023 
9,099 
2,364 
7,350 
5,457 
1,959 
2,376 
78 
7,890 
1,389 
5,184 
7,281 

12,987 

10,575 
3,843 
1.953 
5,895 
831 
7,830 
2,619 
2,457 
6,240 

16,947 
3,081 

10,917 
5,040 
2,550 



$ 5,358 
4,704 



10,219 
8,009 

12,619 
3,326 

10,596 

7,503 

2,724 

2,430 

212 

12.506 
2,720 
7,671 
9,747 

16,257 

16,704 
5,952 
2,655 
7,797 
1,390 

12,467 
3,643 
3,205 
8,191 

21,703 
4,539 

11,306 
5,991 
3,690 



74 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

Table of Apportiox.uext for Ensuing Scholastic YKXii-^Continued_ 



Counties. 



Appor- 



Appor- 
tionment 



tionment . 

, ,o-n forprevi- 

for 18 < 9.1 ^ 

pus year. 



Counties. 



Hardin 

Harris 

Harrison . . . . 

Hays 

Henderson. . 
Hidalgo .... 

Hill 

Hood 

Hopkins. . . . 
Houston. . . . 

Hunt 

Jack 

Jackson .... 

Jasper 

Jefferson . . . 
Johnson. . . . 

Karnes 

Kaufman — 

KendaU 

Kerr 

Kimble 

Kinney 

Lamar 

Lampasas . . 

Lavaca 

Lee 

Leon 

Liberty .... 
Limestone . . 
Live Oak . . . 

Llano 

McCulloch. . 
McLennan. . 
Madison . . . 
Marion .... 

Mason 

Matagorda. . 
Maverick. . . 
Medina .... 
Menard .... 

Milam 

Montague . . 

McMuUen . . 

"Montgomery 



981 
5,403 
8,073 
4,746 
4,146 
l,716i 
6,855; 
2,823 
7,377 
10,551 
7,611 
2,184 
1,215 
2,544 
1,497 
7,377 
1,437 
6,759 
1,197 
1,201 

510 

918 
10,032 
2,568 
6,054 
3,018 
5,613 
2,172 
6,387 

738 
2,115 

648 
14,586 
2,175 
5,628 
1,155 
1,932 
1,194 
2,340 

270 
5,634 
4,797 

285 
4,287 



1,160; 

17,120 

15,118' 

4,903 

6,112 

1,728': 

8,395, 
3,177j 
10,522 
9,591 
8,009i 
2,724| 
1,802, 
4,028 
1,992 
9,686 
1,763 
8,148 
1,689 
1,195 

550 
1,212 
14,724 
3,357 
7,481 
4,184 
6,649 
3,387 
8,525 

953 
2,703 

840: 
14,832 
3,088 
7,87li 
1,212 
2,508 
1,277 
3,253 

441 
8,694 
5,363 

311 
5,588 



Morris 

Nacogdoches, . 

Navarro 

Newton 

Nueee?; 

Orange 

Palo >into 

Panola 

Parker 

Pecos 

Polk 

Presidio 

Rains 

Red River. . . . 

Refugio 

Robertson .... 

Rockwall 

Runnels 

Rusk 

Sabine 

Somerville . . . . 
San Augustine. 
San Jacinto . . . 
San Patricio . . 

jSan Saba 

I Shackelford. . . 

Shelby 

Smith 

Starr 

Stephens 

Tarrant 

Taylor 

Titus 

Throckmorton. 
Tom Green . . . 

Travis 

Trinity 

Tyler 

Upshur 

Uvalde 

Van Zandt. , . . 

Victoria 

Walker 

Waller 



Appor- 
tionment 
for 1879. 



Appor- 
tionment 
for previ- 
ous year. 



1,848 
5,901 
8.325 
2,265 
3,012 
1,260 
2,667 
5,802 
6,582 

621 
3,381 

744 
1,497 
7,836 

672 

10,296 

1,194 

201 
10,581 
2,394 
1,206 
2,034 
2,751 

420 
2,652 

657 
3,064 
7,110 
4,008 
2,163 
7,740 

585 
2,772 

102 

054 

12,003 

2,094 

2,754 

4,833 

777 
4,848 
3,993 
5,973 
4,698 



2,997 
8,035 
12,047 
2,950 
4,011 
1,858 
2,945 
6,692 
9,188 

528 
4,882 
1.074 
1,971 
9,435 

862 

12,129 

1,585 

216 
13,958 
3,227 
1,637 
2,937 
4,184 

515 
2,915 

801 
6,498 
12,415 
4,022 
1,719 
9,850 

385 
3,608 



775 
20,360 
2,651 
3,682 
6,034 
1,260 
6,121 
6,008 
6,957 
6,233 



THE AMENDED SCHOOL LAW. 



75 



Table of Apportionment for Ensuing Scholastic 


Year — Continued. 


Counties. 


Appor- 
tionment 
for 1879. 


Appor- 
tionment 
for previ- 
ous year. 


Counties. 


Appor- 
tionment 
for 1879. 


Appor- 
tionment 
for previ- 
ous year. 


Washington 

"Webb 


9,222 
3,159 
1,533 
54 
5,307 


15,504 
1,953 
2,352 

6,671 


Wilson 

Wise 


2,835 
7,224 
4,110 
1,914 
1,200 


3,989 
7 8'>7 


Wharton 


Wood 


5,644 

2,001 

749 


Wheeler 

Williamson .... 


Young... 

Zapata 



Towns and 
Cities. 


1879. 


1878. 


Towns and 
Cities. 


1879. 


Brenham 

Corpus Christi.. 
Dallas 


$2,319 

1,371 

4,020 

2,424 

768 

357 

8,904 

180 


Included in the ap- 
portionment to 
the counties. 


McKinney 

San Antonio 

Marshall 

Paris 

Tvler 


$ 549 

6,387 

1,515 

1,347 

933 

972 

420 

1,206 


Fort Worth 

Oainesville. . . . . . 


Oreenville 


Bryan 


Houston, 

Irfiwrence 


Honey Grove . . 
Corsicana 







1878. 



OP w 



.^ 


s 


a 

3 


T', 


c 


o 


Q) 


o 


o 


TJ 


^-J 


ai 


3 


'*~t 


^ 




w 


+3 








C 






1— ( 







Note. —Census of Rockdale and Decatur incomplete, and apportionment of $528 
for former and $300 for latter is held up. 



THE AMENDED SCHOOL LAW. 



The Sixteenth Legislature materially modified the School Law. 

The law strikes out the requirement that census-takers enumerate all 
the children in their several counties, and provides that only those child- 
ren between the ages of eight and fourteen, or those within the scholas- 
tic age, shall be enumerated. 

The apportionment will be declared the first day of July instead of 
the first of September, as heretofore. This gives definite information 
■of how much money each county is to receive two months in advance 
of the beginning of the scholastic year, which is the 1st of September. 
The law previously in force provided for the organization of schools the 
same day the apportionment was made, and without data upon which 
to base their contracts with the teachers. 

The contracts have now to be approved by the county judges. Before 
these amendments were adopted they were not required to be approved 
by any one. 

Another change is to allow the county judges pay for services in or- 



76 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

ganizing schools out of the available fund apportioned to the counties- 
He gets his money at home without the expense, as formerly, of sending^ 
to Austin. The pay is also changed. Instead of all the judges of large and 
small, populous and sparsely settled, counties getting the same amount, 
it is graduated according to the amount of the funds disbursed. They 
are allowed $25 for the first S500 disbursed, $50 for $1000 or less dis- 
bursed, and $10 for each additional $1000, together with 10 percent.. 
on the amount they receive for postage and stationery, printing, etc. 

A new proviso forfeits the interest of any parent or guardian in the- 
fund for the current year who signs more than one petition for a school 
community. Formerly some smart persons by joining in several appli- 
cations were able to send their children to all the schools in their 
neighborhoods, beginning with those first taught and ending with the 
last. Trustees are' required to give two weeks notice of the opening of 
the schools. The contracts between teachers and trustees must first set 
forth the grade of the teachei^' certificate ; second, the salary per 
month ; third, the length of the term ; fourth, the average per cent, of 
attendance to warrant the continuance of the school. 

A good feature is that which requires the county judges to apportion 
the entire amount of money received from the state to the schools 
actually organized. Those not embraced in the school organization will 
get nothing, and the pro rata they would have been entitled to if they 
had organized, goes to those that have used diligence and perfected their 
organization. "We annex for the benefit of communities about to organ- 
ize the following, which is important : 

Article 3758. Trustees shall make their contract with the teacher on 
the basis of the number of children of scholastic age registered in the 
community, but no teacher shall be entitled to full pay unless the average 
daily attendance of such pupils amount to at least seventy-five per cent. 
of the whole number registered on the community list; and if the aver- 
age daily attendance be less than seventy-five pea- cent., but as much as 
fifty per cent. , the teacher shall be entitled to seventy-five per cent, of 
the compensation set forth in the contract. If the average daily atten- 
dance should be less than fifty per cent, of all the pupils of scholastic 
age registered in the community, then the teacher shall only be paid for 
actual daily attendance, or the trustees may, at their discretion, cause 
the school to be discontinued. In Ueu of a contract based on the 
mimber of state pupils registered in the community, the trustees may, at 
their discretion, contract for actual daily attendance only. 

Article 3759. Trustees in making contracts with teachers, shall deter- 
mine the salary to be allowed, or wages to be paid, upon the following 
rates of tuition: To teachers holding a first-class certificate, not 
more than two dollars ; to those holding a second-class certificate, 



AGRICULTURAL AND MFX'HANICAL COLLEGE. 77 

not more than one dollar and fifty cents ; and to such as hold a third- 
•class certificate, not more than one dollar per month per capita shall be 
allowed for pupils within scholastic age. And it shall not be lawful for 
trustees or teachers to demand as a condition of admittance into school 
the pajonent of extra tuition for pupils of scholastic age ; provided, that 
in no event shall the teacher holding a first-class certificate receive from 
the public free school fund more than sixty dollars per month ; and those 
holding second-class certificates, more than forty dollars per month ; and 
those holding third-class certificates, more than twenty-five dollars per 
month. 



AGRICULTUEAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE. 



This institution, located near Bryan, Brazos County, on the line of 
the Central Railroad, was organized in 1875. It is under the manage- 
ment of a board of directors, of which the Governor, the Lieutenant 
Governor, and the Speaker of the House of Representatives, are ex- 
•offido members. Besides these State oflScials, the Legislature in joint 
session elects one director from each Congressional district. 

The sixteenth Legislature elected the following : Col. E. B. Pickett 
ior 1st Congressional district, H. W. Lyday for 2d, J. K. Dickson for 
•3d, John W. Durant for 4th, Col. A. J. Peeler for 5th, and Geo. Pfeiffer 
ior 6 th. 

The catalogue for 1878-9 contains the names of nine professors besides 
the President, and 248 students. The students are organized into cadet 
companies, under the command of Capt. Geo. T. Olmsted, Jr., of the U. 
.S. Army. 

BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS. 

The grounds consist of 2200 acres, and lie immediately upon the 
'Texas Central Railroad, four and a half miles south of Bryan. One 
hundred and sixty acres are inclosed by a neat, substantial board fence. 

Near the center of the inclosure stands the main building, a brick 
:structure, four stories high, with Mansard roof and double gallery in 
front. 

Through the length and crossing of each story are broad halls, into 
which the recitation rooms and students' dormitories open, all well light- 
■ed and ventilated. The dormitories are large enough to accommodate 
•double the number assigned to them. The students' beds are iron 
frames, with wire springs, on which comfortable mattresses are placed. 



78 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

steward's hall, 
a three-story brick, about three hundred 3^ards north of the Capitol 
building, is fitted up witli all the comforts of a hotel ; has capacity for 
seating four hundred students comfortably. There they are marched 
in a body to each meal, which is served in the presence of one member 
of the faculty. There are also five two story buildings for the families 
of the Professors. 

A meeting of the board of directors was held at Hempstead, August 
27th, 1879. Provision was made for equipping the Agricultural and 
Scientific Departments and for a Library, by an appropriation of $7,500 
of the amount granted to the college by the last Legislature. The 
salary of the President was reduced from $3,000 to $2,300; and the 
salaries of Professors from $2,250 to $1,500 a year. 



NORMAL SCHOOLS. 



The Sam Houston State Normal Institute is located at Huntsville. 
The citizens giving for this purpose, the building formerly known as 
Austin College. The management of the institute is committed to the 
State Board of Education. Each senatorial district is entitled to send 
two students, and six may be sent from the state at large. Students 
must be not less than fifteen years of age ; and must obligate themselves 
to teach in the public free schools of the State as many years as they are 
taught in the Institute. Their board and tuition is paid by the State. 
Other students may be admitted by paying expenses. $14,000 were ap- 
propriated by the Legislature for the support of the Institute, to which, 
will be added $3,000 from the Peabody fund. 

Of the six students from the State at large, one will be selected by the 
Congressman of the district, after a competitive examination ; and each 
State Senator will select two who may be recommended by an examining 
committee after a competitive examination of all applicants. One half 
the students to be males, the other half females. The Legislature ap- 
propriated $28,000 for the support of the institution. On the loth of 
September the board of education elected Prof. B. Mallon, of Atlanta, 
Ga., Principal, and O. H. Cooper, Henderson, Texas, and Mrs. B. 
Mallon, Assistants. 

Colored Normal School. 
Tins Institution, located at Prairie View, (formerly Alta Vista,) 
Waller County, is under the supervision of the board of Directors of 
the Agricultural and Mechanical College, of Bryan. The Legislature 



THE BAPTISTS OF TEXAS. 79 

appropriated $12,000 to its support. Each senatorial district sends one 
student, and the state at large sends three ; to be selected in the same 
manner, and subject to the same conditions as those of the Sam Houston 
Normal School. Prof. James W. Abernathy is teocher in this institu- 
tion. 



THE BAPTISTS OF TEXAS. 

BY WM. CAREY CRANE, D. D., LL. D., PRESIDENT OF BAYLOR UNIVERSITY. 



There are fifty-two associations of white Baptists, and twenty-three 
of colored Baptists, in the State. The communicants of white Bap- 
tists number 75, 143* ; of colored Baptists, 50,000. Grand Total 125, 143, 
There are 942 white ordained ministers. Number of colwed minis- 
ters not known. Number of houses of worship for whites 1183, for 
colored people 509; total 1692; value of church property $1,015,200. 
There are four general organizations for benevolent work, mission, and 
church extension. 

(1.) The Babtist State Convention of Texas, organized in 1848: 
President, W. Carey Crane ; Treasurer, G. B. Davis ; Cor. Secretary, 
P. Hawkins ; Rec. Secretary, O. H. P. Garrett. 

(2.) Baptist General Association of Texas, organized in 1869 : Pres- 
ident, R. C. Burleson ; Treasurer, J. L. Williams ; Cor. Secretary, R. 
C. Buckner ; Rec. Secretary, S. J. Anderson. 

(3.) East Texas Baptist Convention, organized in 1878 : President, 
A. E. Clemmons ; Treasurer, C. B. Bacon ; Cor. Secretary, F. L. 
Whaley ; Rec. Secretarj', Geo. Farbrough. 

(4.) Freedmen's Baptist State Convention of Texas organized in 
1872 : President, Wm. Massey ; Cor. Secretary, I. S. Campbell ; Rec. 
Secretary, R. J. Evans ; Treasurer, . 

There are two Sunday School organizations, one of which supports 
Rev. W. D. Powell, as aMissionery, who established ninety-five Sunday 
Schools in 1878-9, .or during the twelve months. 

(1). Of Schools, Baylor University, Independence, Washington Co., 
was chartered in 1845 ; has educated over 3,000 persons in whole or 
part; has graduated 70 collegiate and 31 law alumni. Over 100 minis- 
ters have been educated in its halls. It possesses property to the value 

* If all The Baptists of the State would connect themselves, with some Baptist 
Chnrch, it is thouf^ht the wliole number would be near 150.000. but many live 
Avith h'tters in their pocket, and unconnected with any local Chuicii.— There is 
no Ciiurch law to prevent this state of things. 



80 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

of S70.000. It had from February 1878 to February 1879, 93 students, 
averaging 18 >^ years. President : W. C. Crane, since 1863, and five 
Professors and Instructors. 

The Law School is located at Brenham ; Hon. James E. Shepard, 
(Dean), and Hon. John Sayles Professors: aided by the Brenham bar. 
It is attracting general attention. 

(2.) Waco University, Waco, McLennan Co., organized in 1855. — 
It has both a male and female department ; has property worth over 
$50,000 ; good library and apparatus. About 250 students wete matric- 
ulated in both departments, during the last year. President, R. L. 
Burleson, D. D., aided by ten lady and gentlemen instructors. 
, (3.) Baylor Female College, Independence, Texas. Wholly for 
young ladies, organized in 1846 ; has educated a large number of the 
first ladies of Texas. Has fine buildings not surpassed in the State. — 
President: J. H. Luther, D. D., aided by a competent corps of instruc- 
tors. 

(4) Concrete College, DeWitt Co., President, J. E. V. Covey, D. 
D., is a valuable institution. 

(5.) Dallas College ; Shiloh Baptist Academy, White^boro ; Steele 
High School, Pennington ; Hemphill Seminary, Hemphill, Sabine Co. ; 
Mt. Zion College, Clayton ; Dallas Male and Female High School — (for 
colored people) — are institutions commanding liberal attention and pat- 
ronage. Powell Dale Institute, Bosque Co. ; Malone's Select High 
School, Dallas ; Cleburne Institute, Johnson Co. ; Sherman Female 
Institute — are rising schools. 

There are two weekly and one monthly periodicals published by the 
Baptists, viz : Texas Baptist Herald, Houston, weekly, editors I. B. 
Link, LL. D., and O. C. Pope; Proprietors, I. B. Link and Jonas 
Johnston. Texas Ba2)tist, Dallas, weekly, editor and proprietor, R. C. 
Buckner and several Associates. The Voice of the People, monthly. Rev. 
Dr. F. M. Shaw, editor. Devoted to "The Education Commission." 



METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH IN TEXAS. 



STATISTICS, 1878. 

MEMBERSHIP. 

Probationers, - - 2,467 

Full members, 14,207 

Local preachers. ..-.--. 308 

Traveling Preaehci's appointed, - - - - 221 



Total membership, 17,203 



METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 81 

BAPTISMS. 

Adults baptized, . - - - - - 1,482 

Infants baptized, ..-.:--- 1,384 

Total baptisms, - - ^>866 

SDND A Y-SC H< JO LS . 

Number of schools, - 1^' 

Officers and teachers, ------ 870 

Scholars, 13,822 

CHURCH PUOPKllTY. 

Number of churches, - - - - 174 

Probable value, $183,904 00 

Number of parsonages - - - - 35 

Probable value, 13,383 00 

Total church property, - - - 

BENEVOLENT COLLECTIONS. 

For Missions, ------ 

For Board of Church Extensions, 

For Tract Society, 

For Sunday-School Union, - - . - 
For Freedmen's Aid Society, - - - 

For Bible Cause, 

For Woman's Foreign Mission, 

For Education,- ------ 

Total, S3.(518 40 

Raisedforchurch building and paj-ing debts in 1878, $23,486 61 

Considering all the circumstances this showing is most gratifying. 
We know by personal inspection that these statistics are reliable. 



$199,287 


00 


$2,113 


10 


215 


75 


46 


55 


68 


40 


126 


10 


99 


70 


32 


70 


916 


10 



METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, SOUTH— STATISTICS. 



The following are the statistics of the five American Conferences of 
the M. E. Church, South, in Texas, as they were reported at the confer- 
ences held in the fall of 1878 by Bishop Keener. Besides these reported 
there are about one thousand members belonging to the German Con- 
ference in Texas. 



82 



TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 



Conferences. 


"2, 
o 

2" 


2 73 


= 

3 


■ 0^ 


c. ' 


2 ■<' 

•I' '^ 


West Texas 

Northwest Texas 


e.350 
21.321 
21.800 

7.421 
21.052 

77.944 


396 
1.354 
557 
449 
530 

3.2S6 


73 

178 

124 

60 

91 

526 


2.348 
7,208 
6.196 
3.517 
3,675 

22,944 


52 
120 
140 

75 
116 


$ 55.900 
135.520 


North Texas 

Texas 


128.800 
172.175 


East Texas 


79.394 






Totals 


503 


$571,789' 







Conferences. 


13^ 

rp 


^3 
Oq 


p 5. 
2 ti 


^ n 

go' 2 
-— 

"S 




Conference 
Collections. 


West Texas 


18 
34 
23 
12 
10 

97 


$ 8.400 

22.200 

12,750 

10.300 

6.350 

$60,000 


$20,842 
31.366 
26.683 
22.310 
14,913 

$116,114 


$231 
400 
358 
345 
270 

$1,604 


$1,147 
2.649 
1.691 
1.513 
1,230 

$S.230 


$ 546 


Northwest Texag 

North Texas 


1.310 

920 


Texas 


997 


East Texas 


79^ 


Totals 




$4.57^ 











PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 



This Church has one Synod in Texas : five Presbyteries, viz : Brazos^ 
Eastern Texas, Western Texas, Central Texas and Dallas. It has 80 
ministers ; 149 churches, and 5,588 communicants 

This report is official, having been furnished by Rev. Dr. R. F. Bunt- 
ing, Stated Clerk of Synod. 



STATISTICS OF THE CUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 



The following statistics of this Christian body for Texas for the year 
1878 were furnished from official sources by Rev. Dr. Wofford, editor 
of the Texas Presbyterian Observer, of Tehuacana : 

There are four Synods ; sixteen Presbyteries ; 185 ordained ministers ; 
37 licentiates and 37 candidates for the ministry: about 400 congrega- 
tions, and about 18,000 church members. 



STAT 5 ASYLUMS. 



83- 



Correction. — A note from Rev. R. O. Watkins, of Kaufman county, 
points out some inaccuracies in the brief account of the Cumber- 
land Presbyterian Church in "Thrall's Pictorial History of 
Texas." Mr. Atkins says Rev. Sumner Bacon became a citizen 
of Texas in 1828: and that he was a regular agent of the Ameri- 
can Bible Society as well as a colporteur of the Natchez Tract Society. 
He died in 1842, and, of course, was not at the General Assembly in 
1874. Again, Mr. Await was an ordained minister when he came to 
Texas, Again, the church organized by Rev. Mr. p]stell in Red River 
county was in 1834, instead of 1833. Mr. Watkins was a member of 
that church, and was the first preacher licensed or ordained by the 
Cumberland Presbyterian Church in Texas. 



STATISTICS OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH IN TEXAS. 



COMPILED FROM THE CATHOLIC DIRECTORY, BY KEV. P. ST. JOHN, OP 
CORPUS CHRISTI. 



The spiritual administration of the Catholic Church, in the State of 
Texas, is divided into two Dioceses and one Vicariate Apostolic : 



Churches and Chapels... 

Priests 

Ecclesiastical students... 
Academies and convents 

Colleges 

Parochial schools 

Chartitable institutions. . 
Catholic population 



DIOCESE OF 
GALVESTON 



35 

41 

3 



Not given. 
2 
25,000 



DIOCESE OP 

SAN ANTONIO. 




V. A. OF 
BROWNSVILLE. 



22 

23 
1 
5 
2 

Not given. 

(( 

34,000 



STATE ASYLUMS. 



• *■ m *• 



The State supports three Asylums, all located at Austin. 

Lunatic Asylum- In the reports of this institution to the last Leg- 
islature it was stated that 370 inmates had been present. Of this num- 
Itcr 58 had been restored and discharged; 21 had been improved; 4 re- 
mained unimproved ; 12 had died, leaving 275 in the institution. In 
April Dr. W. E. Saunders was appointed Superintendent ; vice Dr. Wal- 



S4i TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

lace resigned. James H. Raymond is President of the board of Mana- 
gers. 

Deaf and Dumb Asylum. — Thei'e were fifty-seven inmates of this 
institution. Some of the Mutes are employed in a printing office con- 
nected with the institution. On the first of September Dr. John S. 
Ford was appointed Superintendent; vice H. E. M'Culloch, resigned. 
Dr. R. M. Swearingen is President of the Board of Managers. 

Institution for the Blind. — The last report for this institution an- 
nounces that there were 68 pupils ; 28 males and 40 females. Dr. Frank 
Raney is Superintendent ; and E. W. Shands, President of the Board 
'Of Managers. 



OUR PENITENTIARIES. 



Tete Legislature at its regular session in 1879 made provision for com 
pleting the East Texas Penitentiary, at Rusk, and fitting it up for occu- 
pancy. 

The officers of the Penitentiary at Huntsville, are, Thos. J. Coree, 
Superintendent, D. M. Short, Assistant Superintendent ; Local Directors 
rat Huntsville, J. W. Winn, J. W. Carey, and S. R. Smith ; Thomas 
W. Markham, Physician ; and W. W. Keep, Chaplain and Librarian. 
The Superintendents receive an annual salary of $1,500; the Physician 
$500 ; and the Directors and Chaplain S250 each. Heretofore it has cost 
an average of nearly $70 each to transport convicts to the penitentiary, 
but by a new law Messrs. Cunningham & Co., the Lessees agme to 
transport them by contract at $39 for each conWct. The latest report 
at hand states that there are 1835 convicts — of whom 946 are hired out 
to work on plantations, 399 on railroads, and 489 are inside the walls of 
the institution. During the month of May, 1879 a considerable tract of 
land was purchased adjoining the penitentiary, and hands put to work 
to inclose with a substantial brick wall, eight acres additional to the 
present yards. The report of the Superintendent to the Governor, gives 
some interesting statistics of the institution since its organization in 
1849. There have been 7350 convicts admitted. Of this number, 475 
claim to be temperate, and 4,775 admit themselves to have been intem- 
perate, 2,739 were married, 4,310 unmarried, and others not stated ; 137 
had good education, 2,091 common, 521 limited, and 4.510 no education. 
^,269 used tobacco, and 980 did not. Seven white females, and 104 
colored females were among the number. 



STATISTICS OF AMERICAN COLLEGES. 



85- 



STATISTICS OF AMERICAN COLLEGES. 



FROM THE REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE BUREAU OF EDUCA- 
TION, WASHINGTON. 



States, 



Alabama 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

District of Columbia, 

Delaware 

Georgia 

Illinois., 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 



No, 
Col- 
leges, 


Stu- 
dents, 


3 


316 


4 


104 


9 


831 


1 


7o: 


3 


856| 


4 


152 


1 


40 


6 


488 


•24 


1,538' 


16 


l,267i 


17 


902, 


6 


167 


14 


9021 


4 


541 


3 


3501 


8 


644 


9 


1,777 


8 


810 


3 


154 


4 


189 



States. 



Missouri 

Nebraska 

New Hampshire 

New Jersey 

New York 

North Carolina , 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode Island 

South Carolina. 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Vermont 

Virginia 

West Virginia.,, 
Wisconson 



Total. 



No, 
Col- 
leges. 



13 
2 
1 

4 
24 

7 

28 

4 

27 

1 

6 

18 

6 

3 

8 

3 

9 



311 



Stu- 
dents. 



821 

82 

24^ 

712 

2,940 
383 

2,220 
210 

2,166 
219 
351 

1,129 
457 
169 

1,09a 
164 
68^ 



25,670 



The following table will give a sufficiently accurate idea of the extent 
to which American colleges are under denominational influences : 



Religious denominations. 
Methodist, 
Baptist, 

Roman Catholic, 
Presbyterian, 
Congregationalist, 
Lutheran, 
Christian, 
Episcopal, 
United Brethren, 
Reformed, 
Friends, 
Universalist, 
Advent, 
Evangelical, 
Reformed German, 
New Church, 
Non-sectarian, 



Number, 
49 
37 
37 
33 
15 
15 
11 

9 

7 

6 

5 

4 

1 

1 

1 

1 
76 



86 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

LEADING SOUTHERN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS. 



The following table, prepared from information received at the bureau 
of statistics, shows the aggregate production for each year since 1870, of 
the three great agricultural staples of the southern States : 





coTTOx. bales. 


SUGAR, hhds. 


TOBACCO, lbs. 


1870 


4,352,317 


144,881 


385,000,000 


1871 


2,974,351 


128,461 


426,000.000 


1872 


3,930,508 


108,529 


480,000,000 


1873 


4,170,388 


89,498 


■ 507,000,000 


1874 


3,832,991 


116,867 


315,000,000- 


1875 


4,669,288 


144,146 


522,000,000 


1876 


4,485,423 


169,331 


535,000,000 


1877 


4,811,423 


127,753 


560,000,000 


1878 


5,200,000 about 212,000 


572,000.000 



NEW COUNTIES— ORGANIZED AND UNORGANIZED. 



Of the two hundred and twenty-six counties of the State, the report 
of the Comptroller for 1878 has the statistics of property of one hun- 
dred and fifty-four. (See statistical table, page 62.) Since that 
report was prepared ten new counties have been organized, and others 
are rapidly filling up with population. It is towards these outlying 
■counties that the tide of immigration is now setting, and we give our 
readers such information as we have of the countiy in these newly 
•organized and unorganized counties. 

1. Andrews — Has an area of 1,560 square miles ; is situated in the 
southwestern portion of what is known as the Pan-handle, or Staked 
Plains division of the State. Bounded on the north by Gaines, east by 
Martin, south by Tom Green, and west by New Mexico 

2. Archer — Area, 900 square miles: is exceedingly rich in minerals, 
■especially in copper. A copper mining company has been organized to 
utilize these mines. The county is well watered by the tributaries of 
the Wichita River ; and has a large number of rich valleys capable of 
producing abundant crops. It is bounded north by Wichita, east by 
Cla}^, south by Young, and west by Baylor. 

3. Armstrong — Area, 900 square miles. Bounded north by Carson, 
east by Donley, south by Brisco and Swisher, and west by Randall. Is 
in the heart of the Pan-handle ; and watered by Red River. 

4. Bailey — Area, 1,052 ; situated on the western limit of the Pan- 
handle. Bounded north by Parmer, east by Lamb, south by Cochran, 
and west by New Mexico. 



NEW COUNTIES — ORGANIZED AND UNORGANIZED. 87 

5. Baylor — Area, 90G square miles : organized in July, 1879 ; Sey- 
mour the county seat. In the fall of 1877 a few families from Oregon 
settled a village which was named Oregon. A writer in the Graham 
Leader gives this description of a visit to the new settlement : 

"Leaving Belknap, our route was over hill and dale; lovely prairie 
glades, interspersed with timber, herds of cattle feeding upon the luxuri- 
ant grass — a feast for the landscape painter. Monday morning arrived 
at Oregon City, situated in a beautiful undulating valley within half a 
mile of the Brazos and near Seymour creek, which possesses many 
natural advantages. The town at present consists of fourteen families 
and residences, one store, one blacksmith shop, one school building and 
post-office, and soon to have a drug store. There are five stone build- 
ings under contract and in course of erection. The town is surrounded 
with the very best quality of alluvial land, which is being rapidly put 
into cultivation. The people are hospitable and enterprising. As an 
evidence of the industry of the people, it is proper to state that on the 
1st of November last not a furrow had been turned, and now there are 
'600 or 700 acres in cultivation. Millett Brothere, whose rancho is in 
Baylor County, are preparing to start a herd of 5,000 head of cattle to 
Trinity, New Mexico, having sold them to ex-Congressman Dorsey." 

6. Borden — Area, 900 square miles : situated on the head waters of 
the Colorado and Concho rivei's. Bounded north by Lynn and Garza, 
east by Scurry, south by Howard, and west by Dawson. 

7. Briscoe — Area, 900 square miles. Bounded north by Armstrong 
a,nd Donley, east by Hall, south by Floyd, and west by Swisher. It 
lies between the two forks of Red River. 

8. Carson — Area, 900 square miles. Bounded north by Hutchin- 
son, east by Gray, south, by Armstrong, and west by Potter. It is 
watered by tributaries of the Canadian River, which flows near the 
northwestern border of the county. 

9. Castro — Area, 900 square miles : bounded north by Deaf Smith 
and Randall, east by Swisher, south by Lamb, and west by Parmer. 
The south fork of Red River has its source in Castro county. 

10. Childress — Area, 758 square miles : bounded north by Collins- 
worth and Greer, east by Greer and Hardeman, south by Cottle, and 
west by Hall. It is situated on one of the forks of Red River ; is well 
watered, and capable of a high degree of cultivation. 

11. Cochran — Area, 825 square miles : bounded north by Bailey, 
east by Hockley, south by Yoakum, and west by New Mexico. 

12. Collinsworth — Area, 900 square miles : bounded north by "Whee- 
ler, east by Greer, south by Hall and Childress, and west by Donley. 



8S TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

This is a well watered county with considerable bodies of good land^ 
waiting the coining of the settler. 

13. Concho — Area, 956 square miles: Organized in July 1879, Paint 
Rock the County Seat. Bounded on the north by Runnels, east by 
Coleman and McCulloch, south by Menard, and west by Tom Green. 
A newspaper correspondent gives the following description of the new 
t 'Wn : 

"■The town derives its name from Paint Rock bluff, on the op- 
posite side of the river from town. This cliff is covered with pictures 
and Indian signs and symbols, painted by the Indians when they infest- 
ed this country. Paint Rock occupies an elevated position on the south 
bank of the Concho river, and is surrounded by magnificent views and 
charming landscapes. By the dark foliage of the timber that lines the 
banks of the Concho river, the eye can trace for miles the winding course 
of that beautiful stream, while far away in every direction can be seen 
hills and valleys covered with luxuriant grasses, the prairie dotted here 
and there with groves of mesquite timber, the whole scene animated by 
droves of wild mustangs and herds of antelope and deer grazing and 
running on the prairie. 

14. Cottle — Is a large county, newly settled and but partially organ- 
ized, with Cottle for the county seat. Area, 1147 square miles. Bounded 
north by Childress, east by Hardeman, south by King, and west by 
Motley. It is well watered by Pease River and its tributaries. Gen. 
R. M. Gano, of Dallas is introducing colonists into Cottle from Ken- 
tucky, Tennessee, and other States. 

15. Crockett — In 1875 the Legislature gave the name of Crockett 
County to the large district of country before known as Bexar District. 
Its area is 10,029 square miles: bounded north by Tom Green, east by 
Menard, Kimble and Edwards, south by Kinney, and west by Presidio. 
It is a mountainous and mineral region, much of which is well adapted 
to stock raising. 

16. Crosby — Area, 900 square miles. Bounded riortn by Floyd, 
east by Dickens, south by Garza, and west by Lubbock. There is a 
post office at Doekharn's Rancho, 

17. Dallam — Area, 1,468 square miles. Bounded north by the 
Indian Territory, east by Sherman, south by Hartley, and west by New 
Mexico. It is watered by some of the Tributaries of the Canadian 
River, and lies in the extreme north-western corner of the State. 

18. Dawson — Area, 900 square miles ; bounded north by Terry and 
Lynn, east by Borden, south by Martin, and west by Gaines. The- 
Colorado River has its rise in this county. 



NEW COUNTIES — ORGANIZED AND UNORGANIZED. 89 

19. Deaf Smith — Area, 1,485 square miles. On the extreme west- 
ern border of the Pan Handle ; bounded north by Oldham, east by 
Randall, south by Castro and Parmer, and west b}' New Mexico. 

20. Dickens — Area, 900 square miles : bounded north by Motley, 
east by King, south b}^ Kent, and west by Crosby. It is watered by trib- 
utaries of the Wichita and Brazos Rivers. 

21. Diraitt — Area, 1,290 square miles- Bounded north by Zavalla, 
east by Frio, south by Webb, and west by Maverick. It is a fine graz- 
ing county in which stock ranches are being established. It has some 
fresh water lakes ; is traversed by the Nueces River, and some tributaries 
of the Rio Grande. Will soon be oi'ganized with Dimitt for county seat. 

22. Donley — Area, 900 square miles. Bounded north by Gray, east 
by Collinsworth, south by Briscoe and" Hall, and west by Armstrong. 
The town of Clarendon was settled in March, 1878. The county is well 
watered by Red River and its tributai'ies, and is rapidly filling up with 
an industrious and prosperous population. 

23. Edwards — Area, 960 square miles. Bounded north by Kimble, 
east by Kerr and Bandera, south by Bandera and Uvalde, and west by- 
Crockett. Though the county is still unorganized there are a good 
many stock ranches located on its numerous creeks. The Llano, the 
Guadalupe, the Frio and the Nueces rivers have some of their sources 
in this county. 

24. Encinal — Area, 1,788 square miles. Bounded north by La 
Salle, east by Duval, south by Zapata, and west by Webb. It is an 
arid region, but suitable for stock ranches, especiall}'^ for sheep. 

25. Fisher — Area, 900 square miles. Bounded north by Kent and 
Stonewall, east by Jones, south by Nolan, and west by Scurry. There 
is a post-office at Reed's Ranche. It is watered by the Palo Pinto and 
other creeks. A newspaper correspondent says : 

" Fisiier County is one of the finest in the State. The lands, for 
beauty and fertility, cannot be surpassed, and the range is the best we 
have ever seen. There are two families and four bachelor dens or holes 
in this far-away county. Turkey, deer and antelope are abundant. 
We are a law-abiding people. There is not a lawyer, doctor, tooth- 
carpenter or average politician in this county. One lone preacher." 

26. Floyd — Area 1,147 square miles. Bounded north by Briscoe, 
east by Motley, south by Crosby, and west by Hale. The south fork 
of Red River and Pease River traverse the county. 

27. Gaines — Area, 1,560 square miles. In the extreme western 
portion of the Pan Handle ; bounded north by Yoakum and Terry, east 
by Dawson, south by Andrews, and west by New Mexico. 



90 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

28. Garza — Area, 900 square miles. Bounded north by Crosby, 
east by Dickens, south by Scurry and Borden, and west by Lynn. The 
salt fork of the Brazos traverses the county. 

29. Gray — Area, 900 square miles. Bounded north by Roberts, 
east by Wheeler, south by Donley, and west by Carson. Various trib- 
utaries of Red River have their sources in this county. 

30. Greer — Area, 2,622 square miles. It is situated in the forks of 
Red River. Bounded north and east by the Indian Territory, south by 
Wilbarger and Hardeman, and west by Childress, Collinsworth and 
Wheeler. There has been some controversy in reference to the ownership 
of this county, but it is now conceded to Texas by the United States, 
and placed in the Northern Federal District Court. The Legislature has 
reserved the land from location, setting it apart to build a State Capitol 
and for educational purposes. Some stock ranches are being estab- 
lished in the county. It was Governor Houston's instruction to the 
Commissioner on the part of Texas who, in 1860, ran the line, to 
insist upon the north fork of Red River as the boundary line, and to 
this the United States Commissioner at first agreed, and Greer County 
appeared on the maps of Texas. But during the war the United States 
again reasserted a claim to Greer County, and it ceased to be marked 
on the maps of Texas. In the report of the Secretary of the Interior 
for 1877 it is claimed that this was purchased from the Choctaw and 
Chickasaw Indians. This is preposterous, as those Indians never had 
any title to the country. We presume no farther trouble will arise, as 
it is now officially assigned to Texas, by act of Congress. 

31. Hale — Area, 1,197 square miles. Bounded north by vSwisher, 
east by Floyd, south by Lubl^ock, and west by Lamb. It is traversed 
by the south fork of Red River. 

32. Hall — Area, 900 square miles. Bounded north by Donley and 
Collinsworth, east by Childress, south by Motley, and west l\v Briscoe. 
Well watered by the tributaries of Red River. 

33. Hansford — Area, 910 square miles. Bounded north hy the 
Indian Territory, east by Ochiltree, south by Hutchinson, and west by 
Sherman. It is watered by the Canadian River. 

34. Hardeman — Area, 1,180 square miles. Bounded north by 
Greer, east by Wilbarger, South by Knox, and west by Cottle and Chil- 
dress. It is well watered by Red River. 

35. Hartley — Area, 900 square miles. Bounilcd north by Dallam, 
east by Moore, south by Oldham, and west by New Mexico. It is 
watered by the Canadian River. 



NEW COUNTIES— ORGANIZED AND UNORGANIZED. 91 

36. Haskell — Area, 900 square miles. Bounded north by Knox, 
east by Throckmorton, south by Shackelford and Jones, and west by 
Stonewall. It is well watered by the Brazos River, and in a situation 
to be rapidly settled up. 

37. Hemphill— AxQa,^ 900 square miles. Bounded north bj^ Lips- 
comb, east by Indian Territory, south by Wheeler, and west by Roberts. 
The Canadian River passes through the coufcty. 

38. Hockley — Area, 900 square miles^|»Bounded north by Lamb, 
east by Lubbock, south by Terry and west'^y Cochran. 

39. Howard — Area, 900 square miles. Bounded north by Borden, 
east by Mitchell, south by Tom Green, and west by Martin. The North 
Concho River runs diagonally through the county. The wSolitair Moun- 
tain forms a prominent feature in the landscape. 

•iO. Hutchmson — Area, 900 square miles. Bounded north by Hans- 
ford, east by Roberts, south by Carson, and west by Moore. It is well 
watered by the Canadian River and numerous trii.ataries. 

4L Jones — Area, 900 square miles. Bounded north by Stonewall 
and Haskell, east by Shackelford, south by Taylor, and west b}- Fisher. 
This county is well watered by various tributaries of the Brazos River; 
is admirable adapted to stock-raising, with some fine valleys for cultiva- 
tion. Before the war there was a military- post called Fort Thornton, 
near the confluence of the Elm and Clear Forks of the Brazos. It is 
now called Thornton Hill ; has a considerable population, and will pro- 
bably become the county seat at the organization of the county which 
will soon take place. 

42. Kent — Area, 900 square miles. Bounded north by Dickens, 
east by Stonewall, south b}^ Fisher and Scurry, and west by Garza. It 
is watered by the Brazos River and Croton Creek. Peppen's Ranche 
has a post-office. 

43. King — Area, 900 square miles. Bounded north by Cottle, 
east by Knox, south by Stonewall, and west by Dickens. It is watered 
by the Wichita River and its tributaries. 

44. Knox — Area, 900 square miles. Bounded north by Hardeman, 
east by Baylor, south by Haskell, arid west by King. This is an ad- 
mirable county for live stock, and has a fair share of tillable land ; is 
well watered by the Big Wichita and Croton creeks and their tributaries. 

45. Lamb — Area, 1,147 square miles. Bounded north by Castro, 
east by Hall, south by Hockley, and west by Bailey. 

46. La Salle — Area, 1,512 square miles. Bounded north by Frio, 
east l)y McMuUen, south by Encinal, and west by Wcbl) and Dimitt. A 
number of sheep ranches have been established near old Fort Ewell, on 



92 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

the Nueces River, and it is probable the count}^ will soon have a suflfl- 
cient population to organize. 

47. Lipscomb — Area, 910 square miles. Bounded north and east 
by Indian Territory, south by Hemphill, and west by Ochiltree. It i& 
on the extreme northeastern border of the Pan Handle and watered by 
the tributaries of the Canadian River. 

48. Lubbock — Area, 90% square miles. Bounded north by Hale, 
east by Crosby, south by Lynn and west bj- Hockley. Some tributaries 
of the Brazos River rise in ttjis county. 

49. Lynn — Area, 900 square miles. Bounded north by Lubbock, 
east by Garza, south by Borden and Dawson, and west by Terry. It 
has some streams of water which flow into the Brazos. A prominent 
feature of the landscape is Mt. Cooper, on the southeastern border of 
the county. 

50. Martin — Area, 900 square miles. Bounded north by Dawson'^ 
east by Howard, South by Tom Green, and west by Andrews. It is 
watered by the tributaries of the North Concho. 

51. Mitchell — Area, 900 square miles. Bounded north by Scurry^ 
east by Nolan, south by Tom Green, and west by Howard. Watered 
by the waters of the Concho. 

52. Moore — Area, 900 square miles. Bounded north by Sherman, 
east by Hutchinson, south by Potter, and west by Hartley. The Cana- 
dian River traverses the county. 

53. Motley — Area, 1,147 square miles. Bounded north by Hall, 
east by Cottle, south by Dickens, and west by Floyd. It is watered by 
the north and south forks of Pease River. A considerable population 
is flowing into this county. 

54. Nolan — Area, 900 square miles. Bounded north by Fisher, 
east by Taylor, south by Tom Green, and west b}- iNIitehell. The north- 
ern portion of the count}' is drained by tributaries of the Brazos, while 
the creeks in the southern part flow into the Colorado River. 

55. Ochiltree — Area, 910 square miles. Bounded north by tne 
Indian Territory, east by Lipscomb, south by Rcjberts, and west by 
Hansford. Watered by the tributaries of the Canadian River. 

56. Oldham — Area, 1,477 square miles. Bounded north by Hart- 
ley, east by Potter, south by Deaf Smith, and west by New Mexico. 
The village of Tascosa, on the Canadian River, has about 150 inhab- 
itants, and there are two other trading points in the county on the same 
stream. Tascosa has a daily mail east to Dodge City, Kansas, and west 
to Los Vegas, New Mexico. Stock ranches are being established on 
different water courses. 




ARANSAS BAY. 



NEW COUNTIES — 0EGANIZI<:D AND UNORGANIZED. 93 

57. Parmer — Area, 858 square miles. Bounded north by Deaf 
Smith, east by Castro, south by Bailey, and west by New Mexico. 

58. Potter — Area, 900 square miles. Bounded north by Moore, 
east by Carson, south by Randall, and west by Oldham. Canadian 
River traverses the county. 

59. Randall — Area, 900 square miles. Bounded north by Potter, 
east by Armstrong-, south by Swisher and Castro, and west by Deaf 
Smith. It lies on the Avaters of Red River. 

60. Roberts — Area, 900 square miles. Bounded north by Ochiltree, 
east by Hemphill, south by Gray, and west by Hutchinson. The Can- 
adian River meanders through the county. 

61. Runnels — Area, 990 square miles. Bounded north by Ta3'lor, 
east by Coleman, south by Concho, and west by Turn Green. It is 
Avatered by the Colorado River, and is beginning to settle up with stock 
ranches. 

%'2. Scurry — Area, 900 square miles. Bounded north by Garza and 
Kent, east by Fisher, south by Mitchell, and west by Borden. It is 
watered by the tributaries of the Colorado River. 

63. Sherman — Ai'ea, 910 square miles. Bounded north by the 
Indian Territory, east by Hansford, south by Moore, and west by 
Dallam. It is watered by the Canadian River. 

64. Stonewall — Area, 900 square miles. Bounded north by King, 
east by Haskell, south by Jones and Fisher, and west by Kent. Tra- 
versed by the Salt Fork of the Brazos River and Croton creek. It has a 
beautiful valley called Carter's Valley. 

65. Swisher — Area, 900 square miles. Bounded north by Randall 
and Armstrong, east by Briscoe, south by Hale, and west by Castro. 
It is watered by the tributaries of Red River. 

66. Terry — Area, 900 square miles. Bounded north bj^ Hockley, 
east by Lynn, south by Dawson and Gaines, and west by Yoakum. 
The headwaters of the salt fork of the Brazos are in this county. 

67. Throckmorton — Area, 900 square miles. Bounded north by 
Baylor, east by Young, south by Stephens and Shackelford, and west 
by Haskell. It is watered by the clear fork of the Brazos and its trib- 
utaries. It was recently organized. The county seat is called Throck- 
morton. 

68. Wheeler — Area, 900 square miles. Bounded north by Hemp- 
hill, east by the Indian Territory, south by CoUinsworth, and west by 
Gray. It is well watered by Red River and its tributaries. The county 



94 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

was organized April 12, 1879. Wlieeler, the county seat, is 250 miles 
northwest of Jacksboro, and 180 from Dodge City, Kansas, its nearest 
railroad point. 

69. Wichita — Ai-ea, 589 square miles. Bounded north bj"- the 
Indian Territory, east by Clay, south by Archer, an i west by Wilbarger. 
It is well watered by the Wichita and Red rivers. It is a desirable 
count3% and is filling up with people. The town of Avon has the lai-gest 
population, and will probably become the county seat, on the organiza- 
tion of the county. 

70. Wilbarger — Area, 937 square miles. Bounded north by the 
Indian Territory, east by Wichita, south by Baylor, and west by Harde- 
man. This is a well watered county of good land, and very desirable 
for settlement. 

71. Yoakum — Area, 825 square miles. Bounded north by Cochran, 
east by Terry, south by Gaines, and west by New Mexico. 

72. Zavalla — Area. 1,200 square miles. Bounded north by Uvalde, 
east by Frio, south by Dimitt, and west b}^ Maverick. This is a fine 
county for stock ; watered by the Nueces and Frio rivers. 

Of the above seventy-two counties, fifty-four are situated in what is 
denominated the Staked Plains — a vast elevated plateau, in which the 
great rivers of the Indian Territory, Arkansas and Texas have their 
sources. Until quite recently it was supposed to be uninhabitable, and 
marked on the maps as the " Great American Desert. " But buffalo 
hunters, parties in pusnit of Indians, and surveyors having penetrated 
the country, have discovered that it is intersected by fertile valleys, and 
canyons, and immense tracts of land capal)le of cultivation. This 
region is now open to settlers, and offers homes for millions. 

Besides this immense region there are scores of counties in the more 
settled portions of the State in which not one hundreth part of the land 
has been brought into cultivation. The emigrant in the older States 
seeking for a new location, will do well to open the map of Texas, and 
inspect the statistics of the organized counties as found in this volume 
and the "Pictorial History of Texas," and select his location. If he can 
not suit himself in a country offering such inducements to immigrants, 
and such advantages in the way of soil, climate, productions, and de- 
sirable society, he must be hard to please. 



POPULAR VOTE OF THE STATES. 



95 



Popular Vote of the States, for President in 1876, and for State Officers 
at Subsequent Periods. 



States. 



Alabama 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Forida 

Oeorifia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine , 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

.Mississippi 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New Hampshire. 

New Jersey 

New York 

North Carolina... 

Ohio 

Orejfon 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode Island 

South Carolina.... 

Tennessee , 

Texas 

Vermont 

Virginia 

West Vir<;inia 

Wisconsin 



Total 4.208.867 



TiLDEN. 

Domocrat 



102.002 

58.071 

75.845 

Electors s 

61.934 

13.381 

24.434 

130.088 

258.601 

213..526 

112.099 

37.902 

159.690 

83.723 

49,823 

91.780 

108.777 

141.095 

48.799 

112.173 

202.687 

17.554 

9.308 

38.509 

115.962 

521.949 

125.427 

323.182 

14.149 

366.158 

10.712 

90.896 

133.166 

104.755 

20.254 

130.670 

56,455 

123.927 



Hayes. 

Republi'n, 



68.320 

3S.669 

78,614 

elected bv 

59.034 

10.753 

24.340 

50,446 

278.232 

208.011 

171,327 

78.322 

97.156 

77.174 

66.300 

71,981 

150.063 

166,534 

72.962 

52.605 

144.398 

31,916 

10,383 

41. .539 

103.517 

489.207 

108.417 

330.698 

15.206 

384.122 

15.787 

91.786 

89.566 

44.800 

44.092 

95.558 

42.698 

130,668 



Cooper- Smith, j Govkknors. 
G. B. jTenip'e. Democrat.] Hepubli'n 



289 

44 ....;.... 

the Leoiislature. 
774 378 



17.233 
9.533 
9.901 
7.776 
1.944 

""663 

33 

779 

9.O6O; 

2,31l{ 

'"3.49s| 
2.320 

76 
712I 
1.98 



141 



99.255 

71.298 



13,316 
61,934 



36 
110 

818 



10 

84 

766 

72 



64 
1.599 



3.057 
510 

7.187 
68 



1.373 
1.509 



4.035.825 81,737 



43 
2,359 



1,636 



24,179 
109.811 
272,432 
213.164 

79.353 



84.487 



85.447 
73.185 

142,492 
40.215 
96.382 

199.580 
17.219 

c. 9.3 ic 
36.7:ii 
97.837 

383,062 

123,369 



1.319 
60 



Elec. 1874. 

251.717 
11,783 
92.261 

123.940 

]00,.581 
20.988 

101.940 
56.020 
70,486 



9.5221 



55,582 
37.30(i 

" 14.154 

58,514 

"23,984 
;34.116 
279.226 
202.070 
121,546 



76.477 

""72.544 

91.255 

■ 165.926 

57.644 

No cand. 

147.694 

31,947 

10,241 

40.755 

85,094 

371,798 

110.909 

D 550 ma j. 
241.816 
12,455 
91.127 
73.695 
50.000 
44.723 
No cand. 
43.477 
78,759 



Dem. 
Arizona Territory, for Members of Conoress 1,187 



Efip. 

1,062 
2,41.S 
2,2s 4 
2,980 
9,591 
3,842 



Dakota '' " •' 6,199 

Idalio " " " 2.674 

Montana " " " 3,827 

New Mexico " " " 7,418 

Utah " " "• 27,531 

Washington *•' " " (majority) 238 

Wyoming " " . " 2,760 3,864 

Note: — In Ohio, the vote In October 1879 was for Cliarles Foster, Republican. 
336,261: Thomas Ewinjr. Democrat. 319.182; for Stewart. Prohibitionist, 4,195. For 
Piatt, National, 9,120. Foster's majority over f^wiiii;- 17.129. 

In Kentucky in 1879 the vote for Blackburn, Democrat, was 125,799 ; 
Jvvans, Kei)ublican, 81,882; Cook, Greenback. 18,954. In ]Maine : for 
the Republican candidate, 68,012 ; Greenback, 47, 088 ; Democrat, 21,181. 



96 



TEXAS ALMANAC AND HANDBOOK. 



States and Territories. Prqndation, Area., Capitals^ Governors^ 
Salaries, etc. 



States. 



Alabama i 

Arkansas ! 

California.... J 

Color.ido 

Connecticut. 

Delaware 

Dist.Col'bia. 

Florida.. 

Geoi-ofia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas'. 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachu 'ts 

Michigan 

Minnesota.... 
Mississippi... 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

N.Hampsh»e 
New Jersey. 
New York'...' 
N. Carolina..' 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsvlva'ia 
Rhode Isla'd 
S. Carolina.. 
Tennessee.... 

Texas 

Vermont 

Virginia 

W, Virginia 
Wisconsin.... 

TERRITORIES 

Alaska 

Arizona 

Dakota 

Idaho 

Indian 

Montana 

New 31 ex i CO 

liah 

^Vashington 
Wvoiniuir 





=^ rA 


Popula- 


%3 


tion. 


|i 


1870. 



Capitals. 



996.092 1 

484,4711 

560.2471 

39.864S 

537,454 

125,015 

131.700 

187,748 

1.184,109 

2.539.S91 

1.680.637 

1.191.792 

364.399 

1.321,011 

726.915 

626,915 

780,89s 

1.457,3.51 

1.184.059 

439.706 

827.922' 

1,721.2951 

122.993 

42,491 

318,300 

906,096 

4,382,759 

1.071.361 

2.665,260 

90,923 

3,521,791 

217,393 

705,006 

1,2.58,520 

818.579 

330,551 

1,22.5,163 

442.014 

1,054.670 



50,722 Montgomery. 

52,198 Little Rock. . 

188.981 [Sacramento. . 

104.500, Denver 

4,750 Hartford. . . . 

2,120rJover 

60 Washington. .. 
.59.248:Tallahassee. . . 

58,000|Atlanta 

55,410 Springfield . . . 
3.3,809|lndi!inapolis. . 
55,045jDes Moines. . . 

88,318iTopeka 

37,680|Frankford 

41,346:New Orleans . 

35.000 Augusta 

ll,124lAnnapolis. . . . 

7.800 Boston 

56,451 Lansing 

83,531 St. Paul 

47.1.56 Jacks«in 

65.350 .Jefferson City. 
75,995 Lincoln ....'. 
81.539 Carson City . . 

9,280 Concord. .'. . . 

8.320 Trenton 

47.000 Albany 

,50.704 Raleigh 

39.964 Columbus. . . . 

95,274 Salem 

46,000 Harrisburg. . . 

1.306 New't & Prov. 
.34.000 Columbia . . . . 

45.000 Nashville 

274.356 Austin 

10.212lMontpelier . . . 
:'^,352jRichmond. . . , 
•_.!.000;Wiieeling . . ., 
53,924'Madison. . . . . 



Governors. 



R. W. Cobb, D 

William R.Mdler,D, 
Geo. C. Perkins R. , 
F. W. Pitkin, R. . . , 
Chas. B. Andrews.R 
John W. Hall, D.. . 



Geo. F. Drew, D . 
Alfred H.Conquitt.D 
ShelbvM. Culium.R 
Jas. D. Williams, D. 
John H. Gear, R . . . 
John P. St. John. R. 
J. C.S.Blackburn. D 
F. T. Nicholls, D.. 
Patrick Davis, R . . , 
John L. Carroll, D.. 
Thos. Talbot, R. . 
Chas. M. Croswell.R. 
Jno. S. PilIsburry,R. 
J. M. Stone. D. . . 
John S. Phelps, D. . 
Albinus Nance, R 
J. H. Kinkead, R. . . 
Nathaniel Head, R. . 
Geo, B. McClellan, D 
A. K. Coinell, R. . . . 
Zeb. B. Vance, D. . . 
diaries Foster.D . . . 
U. W. Tliaver, D. . . 
Henrv M. IJovt. R. . 
:C. C.^^an Zandt. R . 
jW. D. Simpson, d. . . 

JA.S. Marks. D 

Oran M. Roberts, d.. 
Redficld Proctor, R.. 
F. W.M. Hollidav, c 
H. M. Matthews.'D. , 
Wm. E. Smith, R. .. . 



Nov. 
Jan. 
Dec. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 



15.240 577.24ft Sitka !0. M. Howard. M. G. 

41,720 113,916 Tucson 'John C. Fremont. . , 

14.181 152,000 Yankton ' W. A. Howard 

20,.583 90.932ii;(>ise Citv John P, Ilovt 

68,132 68,991 i'i'ahlaquah .. . 

.39,895 143.776 Helena 'lienj. F. Potts 

111.303 121.201 iSant.i Fe !Le\v. Wallace , 

99,4(K) SS.(».-)(; Salt Lake City.JGeo. \V. Emory 

37,402 09,994iOlvmpia . . . '. .IE. P. Ferry 

11.518 88.000 Cheyenne jJohn H. rfoyt 



4000 
4000 
5(X)0 
6000 
3000 
3000 
5000 
8000 
2500 
4500 
5000 
1000 



Term Ex- 
pi les. 



1880 
LvM 
1881 
18S1 
1881 
1883 



Jan. 1881 

Jan. 1881 

Jan. 1881 

Jan. 1881 

Jan. 1880 

Jan. 1881 
Sept. 1881 

Jan. 1881 

Jan. 1881 

Jan. 1880 

Jan. 1881 

Jan. 1881 

3500 Jan. 1880 

4000'Jan. 1882 

5000 Jan. 1881 



2500 
6000 
1000 
5000 
10000 



Jan. 1881 
Jan. 1883 
June, 1881 
Jan. 1881 
Jan. 1882 
4000' Jan. 1881 
400()'Jan. 1882 
1500 Sept. 1882 
10000: Jan. 1883 
lOOOlMay, 1883 
3500, Dec. 1880 
4000 Jan. 1881 
4000[Jan. 1881 
lOOOlOct. 1880 
.5000 Jan. 1882 
2700 Mar. 1881 
5000 Jan. 1880 



not organised 

2000 

'JOdO 

2000 

not oiganized 

2tK)0...; 

2000 

2000 

2000 

2000 



STATE FINANCES AND STATE DEBTS. V7 



STATE FINANCES AND STATE DEBT. 



At the annexation in 1846, not counting the old revolutionary 
debt of the Republic which was subsequently liquidated b3^ the 
sale of Santa Fe, there was a considerable sum in the public 
treasury; and large amounts were due from customs, etc., which 
augmented the revenues of the State for several years. In the 
report of Comptroller James B. Shaw, for December 3, 1849, 
he estimated the probable receipts into the treasury for the year 
ending October 31, 1850, at $197,672 ; and the estimated exj^enses of 
the State government, for the same period, at $157,289 — leaving a bal- 
ance in the treasury of $40,383. The sale of the Santa Fe territor}'- the 
same year put a large sum in the State treasury, so that for years the 
State taxes were relinquished to the counties. 

During Governor Houston's administration, just at the commence- 
ment of the war, a debt was contracted for keeping a battalion of troops 
on the frontier, which was recognized as binding by the Legislature of 
1866, and bonds to the amount of $125,100, having ten years to run, 
and bearing six per cent, interest, were sold to meet this indebtedness. 
The next bonds issued, were during Governor Davis' administration, 
and for the same i)urpose — $750,000 frontier defense bonds, August 5, 
1870, having forty years to run, and bearing seven per cent, interest. 

According to the reports of the Comptroller of the Treasury, the debt 
of the State, for a series of years, has been as follows : In 1872 it was 
$1,810,576 ; in 1873, $1,797,894 ; in 1874, $3,425,328 ; in 1875, $5,551,- 
637; in 1876, $6,067,836 ; in 1877, $6,116,624 ; in 1878, $5,121,911. 
The nature of our debt may be learned from Comptroller Darden's 
report, as follows : 




SCENE NEAR FORT MASON. 



NATIONAL FINANCES. — DEBT, ETC. '•>'•) 

The bonds marked as of doubtful validity, belonging to the school 
fund, had been, for a number of years, carried upon the books of the 
Treasury Department, though no interest had been paid. The Comp 
troller, several times, called the attention of the Legislature to the sub- 
ject, but that body failed to make any declaration either acknowledging 
the validity of the bonds or invalidating them, until the commission to 
codify the laws met and in estimating the actual debt of the State these 
bonds were omitted, thus depriving the school fund of an aggregate 
amount of S487,008. 

In the Comptroller's report made out September 20, 1879, these bonds 
are omitted, and the bonded debt of the State, at that time, was $5,253,- 
514: floating debt, $187,415; sa}', in round numbers, $5,500,000. As 
an offset to this debt there was in the trea&ury in currency $595,382 ; 
and in specie $42,711. 



NATIONAL FINANCES.— DEBT, CIRCULATION, ETC. 



During the month of July, 1879, the Treasury Department sent out 
a statement showing the condition of the treasury for a period of twen- 
ty-three years past. 

The debt analysis shows a decrease of about $3,000,000 in the prin- 
cipal during the year 1856-57, but an annual increase during the fol- 
lowing five years of peace, the total having I'isen from $28,460,959 on 
July 1, 1857, to $64,640,838 on July 1, 1860, and to $90,380,874 on 
July 1, 1861. During all these years, while the principal of the debt 
was increasing, the cash in the treasury was constantly decreasing, fall- 
ing from 821,006,585 in 1856, to $2,862,253 in 1861. Accordingly the 
debt, less cash in the treasury, increased faster than the outstanding 
principal, rising from $9,998,622 in 1857, to $87,718,661 in 1861. It 
is worthy of notice that until 1861, the increase was wholly in 5 per 
cent, bonds. There having meantime been a decrease of nearly 
$7,000,000 in the amount of 6 per cent, bonds, and an increase of 
$40,000,000 in 5 per cents., all of which were sold at par. After the 
breaking out of tlie war the debt increased, of course, very rapidly, the 
amount, less cash in the treasury, rising from $87,718,661 in 1861. to 
$505,312,752 in 1862, $1,111,350,737 in 1863, $1,709,452,277 in 1864, 
and to its maximum, $2,756,431,571 on the 31st of August, 1865. 
The increase during this period was principally in 6 per cents, and 
7.30's, wdiich together amounted to $2,111,736,439 when the debt was 
at its maximum, though " the temporary loan deposits " at 4 per cent, 
ran up to $121,341,880 on the 1st of Jul}', 1866. No 3 per cents. 

LOFC. 



100 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

appear until 1868, when the interest on the navy pension fund of 
$14,000,000 was fixed at this rate, and when $50,000,000 of the 3 per 
cent, certificates were issued to be used as bank reserves. In 1870 
Congress concluded that it was not necessary to pay the banks interest 
on their reserves, and repealed the act authorizing the certificates, at 
the same time authorizing an increase of $54,000,000 in the bank circu- 
lation, and by July, 1873, the certificates had all* been retired. Since 
then the naA'y pension fund has been the only portion of the debt bear- 
ing 3 per cent, interest. The 4 per cent, debt, of which there was 
more or less from 1862 to 1868, ceased in 1869, But in 1871 certifi- 
cates of indebtedness at 4 per cent, to the amount of $678,000 were 
issued to the States of Maine and Massachusetts in settlement of old 
claims arising out of the .war of 1812-15. These were redeemed in 
1875. In 1878 the 4 per cent, refunding bonds appear for the first 
time, and the total outstanding at the end of this month, July, will be 
$741,522,000, forming much the largest item in the public debt state- 
ment. During the administration of Andrew Johnson the principal 
operation in connection with the public debt was the conversion of 
$830,000,000 of 7-30 notes into 5-20 bonds. The total debt bearing 
interest was reduced from the maximum of $2,381,530,295 to $2,162,- 
060,522, a reduction of $219,469,773, or' nearly $55,000,000 a year on 
the average ; while the debt, less cash in the treasury, was reduced 
from $2,756,431,571 to $2,432,771,873, a reduction of $323,659,698, 
or nearly $81,000,000 a year on the average. The annual interest 
charge was reduced nearly $25,500,000 during this period, while the 
cash in the treasury was increased nearly $150,000,000. During 
Grant's first term the interest-bearing debt was reduced $451,576,572, 
or nearly $113,000,000 a year on the average ; while the debt, less cash 
in the treasury, Avas reduced $327,309,812, or something less than 
$82,000,000 a year on the average. Meantime the cash in the treasury 
decreased about $26,000,000, and the annual interest charge nearly 
$30,500,000. During C4rant's second term there was an increase of 
nearly $1,500,000 in the debt bearing interest, but a decrease of $86,- 
186,630, or an average of more than $21,500,000 a year in the debt less 
cash in the treasury. There was a decrease in the meantime of $4,880,- 
161 in the annual interest charge, and an increase of about $57,000,000 
in cash in the treasury. During the present administration the debt 
^bearing interest has increased $85,755,200, but the debt, less cash in 
the treasury, has decreased $22,860,526, and the annual interest charge 
$10,372,177, while the cash in the treasury Jias increased $63,054,206. 
At the close of the present month the debt bearing interest will stand 
about as follows : 



DEBT OF THE SOUTHERN STATKS. 101 

At 3 per cent, S 14,000,000 

At 4 per cent 741,522,000 

At 43^ per cent 250,000,000 

At 5 per cent 508,440,350 

At 6 per cent 283,681,450 

Total $1,797,643,700 

In estimating the amount of debt and interest charged per capita, the 
treasury department talies the actual enumerations of population for 
the years 1860 and 1870, and Professor E. B. Elliott's estimates for 
the year. He estimates the population at the present time at 49,305,- 
000. The population at the date of the next census, estimated upon 
the same basis, will not fall short of 51,000,000. According to Prof . 
Elliot the debt reached the maximum of $78. 25 per capita, and the 
interest charge $4. 29 per capita in 1865, and the figures are now re- 
duced to $40. 42 principal and $1. 69 interest. The reduction of prin- 
cipal per capita has been 48. 2 per cent., while the reduction of interest 
has been 60. 6 per cent. The currency table shows a total of $207,402,- 
477 in 1869, and $202,005,765 in 1861, wholly of State bank notes. 
The whole amount coined from 1853 to the end of 1861 was not far 
from $44,510,000. In 18G2 demand treasury notes and greenbacks ap- 
pear as currency items, and these were followed by one and two years 
notes and fractional paper in 1863, and by compound interest notes and 
national bank notes in 1864. The maximum circulation, according to 
the table last referred to, was $983,348,685 in 1865. But this total 
includes no less than $236,094,790 of interest notes. An interesting 
feature of this statement is that which relates to the national bank cir- 
culation. Until 1870 'the limit was fixed at $300,000,000, when it was 
extended to $354,000,000, which limit was reached in 1875. Then after 
the passage of the resumption act there was a decrease to $333,000,000 
in 1876, and to $317,000,000 in 1877, there being during the same time 
a decrease of $16,000,000 in the greenback circulation. But since 1877 
the banks have been expanding again, their issues having risen to $324,- 
700,000 in 1878, and $329,700,000 in 1879. 



DEBTS OF THE SOUTHERN STATES. 

The debt of Alabama in ls7.s was $9,152,669; real and personal 
estate, tax basis, $117,486,581 ; tax, 70 cents; amount raised by tax, 
$827,399. 



102 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

Arkansas debt, $4,153,035 ; unfunded debt, S13,967,012 ; tax basis, 
$94,000,000, tax, 60 cents ; amount raised by tax, $457,450. 

Florida debt, $1,348,272; tax basis, $30,000,000; tax, 90 cents; 
amount raised by taxation, S225,000. 

Georgia debt, §10,044,500; tax basis, $235,659,530; tax, 50 cents; 
amount raised by tax, $1,129,990. In 1872 Georgia annulled $10,477- 
000 clearly fraudulent bonds, leaving the debt at that time $11,550,500. 
recognizing $5,798,000 of the Bullock bonds, 

Kentucky's debt is only $1,852,841; her tax basis, $357,326,013; 
tax, 40 cents. 

Louisiana's debt, 1878, amounted to $12,660,443; tax basis, $174,- 
500,000 ; tax, $1. 45. The amount raised by taxation in 1878 was $2,- 
472,629. 

Mississippi debt, $2,954,458; tax. 50 cents; tax basis, $127,000,000; 
amount raised by taxation, $634,701. 

Missouri's debt in 1879 was $16,758,000; tax basis, real and per- 
sonal, a little over $600,000,000; tax 40 cents; amount raised by tax- 
ation, $2,843,953. 

North Carolina debt, 1878, $27,120,228; tax basis, a little over 
$148,000,000 ; tax, 38 cents ; amount raised by taxation in 1878, $533,- 
635. 

South Carolina's debt in 1878 was $6,738,686 ; tax basis a little over 
$125,000,000; tax; 45 cents; amount raised by taxation, $715,982, of 
which 89,540,750 was bond debt; $2,679,293 floating debt, and $4,797,- 
608 contingent liabilit}', and the statement did not include $5,695,000 
bonds issued for conversion of state securities under the act of 1869, 
which even a republican legislature declared issued without authority. 
The amount gi\'en as the delit in 1878 is that left after a fair judicial 
investigation by a court created for that purpose. 

Texas' debt in 1878 was $5,073,861 ; tax basis, $257,632,000 ; tax, 50 
cents; amount raised by tax, $1,356,170. 

Virginia's debt in 1878 was $29,350,826 ; her tax basis, real and per- 
sonal, $322,569,631; tax, 50 cents ; amount raised by tax, $2,500,000 
per annum. Since that time a settlement has been proposed which is 
absolutely demanded by inability to pay. We have not the details of 
that settlement at hand, but it is much more favorable to the holders of 
the bonds than that of Tennessee. 

Tennessee's debt and interest is $24,857,115, the debt as scaled will 
amount to a little over $12,000,000, the interest to about $500,000, 
requiring a tax of less than 35 cents on the $100, in addition to the 
amounts from other sources, such as privileges and the $100,000 from 



INDIAN RAIDS. — FKONTIER PROTECTION. 103 

railroads to pay this and ordinary expenses. The tax basis in 1878 
was $223,212,153, and the amount raised in 1878 was $G2G, 529. 



INDIAN RAIDS.— FRONTIER PROTECTION. 



Fi;oM its earliest settlement to the present time Texas has been more 
or less harrassed with Indian depredations, and inimigrants sometimes 
inquire with anxiety', if the frontier is now safe. In answer to such 
inquiries we take pleasure in stating that during the past few years set- 
tlements have rapidly extended and comparatively' few persons have , 
been killed by Indians, Some fifteen or twenty counties have been set- 
tled and organized within the past three j-ears, and immigration is flow- 
ing into a number of others. A cordon of military posts, occupied by 
experienced and energetic officers of the United States Army, extends 
along the entire frontier, from the mouth of the Rio Grande, up that 
river; along the Nueces, Devil's River, the Pecos, the Conchos, and the 
head waters of other Texas streams to the Indian Nation. And the 
State also has a small frontier battalion in the field. 

As to Indians, those claiming a home in Texas are few, harmless and 
feeble — only some families of Coshatties on the Trinity and a small 
remnant of the Tonkawas, near Fort Griffin. There are no wild Indians 
anywhere near Texas ; at least none permanently located or in large 
numbers. Of late years the Indians depredating upon Texas were 
mostly from Mexico, and crossed the Rio Grande. These were the 
Kickapoos, Lipans, Muscaleros, etc. It was supposed that the authori- 
ties in Mexico connived at these depredations ; but in January-, 1879, 
General Ord, of the U. S. Army, and General Trevino, of the Mexican 
Army, in command on the Rio Grande, met and mutually agreed to 
suppress all illegal raids across the river from either side. Since that 
time the citizens on both sides of the stream have enjoj'cd comparative 
immunity from bands of raiders. It is believed, since General Trevino 
visited Texas, and met with such a cordial reception in San Antonio, 
Galveston and other places, that all parties in Mexico see the advan- 
tages of preserving the peace between the two countries and promoting 
legitimate commerce. No danger, then, is to be apprehended from that 
source. 

It has also been supposed that Indians from the Fort Staunton reser- 
vation, when out ostensibly to hunt buffalo, committed raids in Texas. 
Depredations were committed early in January last, and Lieutenant 
John L. Bullis-left Fort Clark, Kinne}' County, on the 31st of January 
on a scout. Reaching Devil's River they learned of Indians who had 



104 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

killed two men and one woman, and struck their trail leading norths 
which they followed to the Fort Staunton reservation, New Mexico. 
On the way they found four foot-sore abandoned horses, and at a spring, 
after riding four da3's without Avater and on the verge of famishing, Xhcy 
found eleven more horses that had been hidden by the Indians. The 
demand was made for the raiders, but the agent declined to give them 
up. Again, on the first of June, Mrs Colson and two children wire 
killed in Kinney County. The same band committed murders and 
thefts in Kimble County. It was at first thought these Indians were 
from the Fort Staunton reservation, and measures were at once taken 
to intercept them on their return. The following is the report of the 
officer in command of the scouting party : 

Company K, Eighth Cavalry, Fort Clark, Texas, June 24, 1879. — 
Post Adjutant, Fort Clark, Texas — Sir : I have the honor respectfully 
to report that, in obedience to special orders, dated June 3, from j^our 
headquarters, I left this post with second lieutenant F. E. Phelps and 
^orty-four enlisted men of this compan}^ four Seminole Negro-Indian 
scouts, one six-mule team, with half forage for ten days, and rations 
for twenty days for the command. In compliance with verbal instruc- 
tions from the commanding officer, I was to proceed to Pecan springs^ 
Devil's River, Texas, and by patroling and watching the country, en- 
deavor to intercept and attack a party of depredating Indians who, it 
was thought, might pass through that section of country. 

June 3d, I marched to Sycamore Creek, distance twenty miles. June 
4th, I reached Yellow banks, distance forty miles. June 5th, at 10.30 
A. M., I Avas on Devil's River, above camp Hudson, distance twenty- 
three miles. I immediately commenced patroling and watching the 
country, and kept parties going the length of Devil's River, from Hud- 
son to Beaver lake and vicinity, and all avenues by which Indians might 
pass through to that country' were carefully and constantly guai-ded. 
I scouted with thirty men as far as Howard Well, leaving the balance of 
the company in picket at Beaver lake. Pecan springs and along Devil's 
River, and put myself in communication with Lieut. Maxon's combany, 
tenth cavalry, who were camped at camp Lancaster, and who were also- 
scouting that line of country. Trains and travelers were almost daily 
passing over the road from Fort Stockton to San Felipe, and Capt. 
Norvell's company, tenth cavalry, came into Beaver lake while I was 
there having scouted across from the neighborhood of Fort Concho. 
Nothing whatever could be seen or heard of any Indians. Tiiere were 
no signs at all, either fresh or old. I am confident they neither came 
in nor went out through the line of country, from Fort Clark to camp 
Lancaster. On the 20th, I left Devil's River witli my company, and 
returned to Fort Clark, reaching the post on June 23. 




Hv^-vv-i^-i^ ^ ■^^ 1 



FORT ON THE WESTERN BORDER. 



THE VOLUNTEER ARMY. 105 

Distance marched by the company during its daily marches and 
patrols on this trip was, in all, about four hundred and twenty-seven 
(427) miles. I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

Jno. W. Pullman, 
First Lieut. Eighth Cavalry. Co. K. 

After receiving this report, General Ord became satisfied that the 
depredations had been committed by a small band of wild Indians, 
secreted in some of the thickets and canyons of the Staked Plains. It 
is exceedingly improbable that the United States will permit Indians 
from the Fort Staunton or any other "reservation " long to depredate 
in Texas, and we may regard ourselves safe on that score. Nor is there 
much danger from such little parties as can conceal themselves in unin- 
habited portions of the Pan Handle country. That is rapidly filling up, 
and so far as we have observed the new settlements have not been dis- 
turbed by Indians. We think, then, we may safely say that Texas is 
forever comparatively free from Indian disturbances. 



THE VOLUNTEER ARMY OF 1861-65. 



A STATEMENT has just bccu issucd by the AVar Department at Wash- 
ington, giving the number of men supplied the Union army by each 
State and Territory and the District of Columbia, from April 15, 1861, 
to the close of the rebellion. It shows that the total number of volun- 
teers was 2,687,967, divided as follows: Maine, 72,114; New Hamp- 
shire, 36,629 ; Vermont, 35,262 ; Massachusetts, 152,048 ; Rhode Island, 
23,699 ; Connecticut, 57,397 ; New York, 467,047 ; New Jersey, 81,010; 
Pennsylvania, 366,107; Delaware, 13,670; Maryland, 50,316; West 
Virginia, 32,068 ; District of Columbia, 16,872 ; Ohio, 319,659 ; Indiana, 
197,147; Illinois, 259,147; Michigan, 89,372; Wisconsin, 96,424; Min- 
nesota, 25.052; Iowa, 76,309; Missouri, 109,111; Kentucky, 79,025; 
Kansas, 20,151; Tennessee, 31,092; Arkansas, 8,289; North Carolina, 
3,156; California, 15,725; Nevada, 1,080; Oregon, 1,810; Washington 
Territory, 964; Nebraska Territory, 3,157; Colorado Territory, 4,903; 
Dakota Territory, 206 ; New Mexico Territory, 6,561 ; Alabama, 2,576 ; 
Florida, lv290; Louisiana, 8,224; Mississippi, 545; Texas, 1,965; the 
Indian Nation, 35,030. The troops supplied by the Southern States 
were, with the exception of those of Louisiana, nearly all white. Florida 
supplied two regiments of cavalry; Alabama, one white regiment; IMis- 
sissippi, one battalion ; and North Carolina, two regiments of cavalry. 



106 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

ROSTER OF TROOPS SERVING IN THE DEPARTMENT 

OF TEXAS. 



Commanded by Brig, Gen. E. 0. C. Ord, U. S. Army. Headquarters, 
San Antonio, Texas. July 15th, 1879. 



TROOPS. 

Cavalry. — Six companies of the 4th regiment, 8th regiment, and nine 
companies of the 10th regiment. 

Artillery. — Four batteries of the 2ncl regiment. 

Infantry. — 20th, 24th and 25th regiments, and six companies of the 
22 ud regiment. 

PERSONAL STAFP\ 

Captain H. G. Brown, 12th Infantry, Aide-de Camp. 
First Lieutenant J. C. Ord, 25th Infantry, Aide-de-Camp. 

DEPARTMENT STAFF. 

Major Thomas M. Vincent, Adjutant General's Department. Adjutant 
General. 

Lieutenant Colonel J. S. Mason, 4th Infantry, Acting Assistant In- 
spector General. 

Second Lieutenant W. T. Howard, 2nd Artillery, Acting Judge 
Advocate. 

Major Benj. C. Card, Quartermaster's Department, Chief Quarter- 
master. 

Captain C. B. Penrose, Subsistence Department, Chief Commissary of 
Subsistence, Depiot and Purchasing Commissary of Subsi stance, San An- 
tonio, Texas. 

Surgeon J. R. Smith, Medical Department, 3Iedical Director. 

Major C. M. Terrell, Pay Department, Chief Paymaster. 

Captain W. R. Livermore, Corps of Engineers, Chief'Engineer Officer. 

Captain Clifton Comly, Ordnance Department, Chief Ordnance Officer 
and Commanding San Antonio Arsenal. 

First Lieutenant Alfred M. Raphall, 11th Infantry, on special duty at 
Department Headquarters. 

GENERAL STAFF OFFICERS NOT OTHERWISE ACCOUNTED FOR. 

Captain (4, "W. Bradley. <^)naitermaster's Department, Depot Quarter- 
master, San Antonio, Tc.va.s. 



ROSTER OF TROOPS. 107 

Captain E. B. Atwood, Quartermaster's Department, Ft. Worth., Texas. 

Major F. M. Coxe, Pay Department, Fort Broion, Texas. On leave 
of absence for one month since June 22, 1879, per Special Order No. 
103, current series, from these Headquarters ; extended 1 month i)ei- 
Special Order No. 69, current series. Headquarters IMilitary Division 
of the Missouri. 

Major A. E. Bates, Pay Department. San Antonio, Texas. 

Major C. I. "Wilson, Pay Department, Fort Cow^ho, Texas. (Temi)o- 
raril}' at San Antonio, Texas). 

IVhijor J. R. Wasson, Pay Department, San Antonio, Texas. (Tem- 
porarily at Fort Brown, Texas . 

Assistant Surgeon M. K. Taylor, U. S. Army, Attending Surgeon at 
Department Headquarters. 

DISTRICT OF THE KIO GRANDE, COMMANDED BY COL. GEO. SYKES. 20th INFAN- 
TRY. HEADQUARTERS, 'fort BROWN, TEXAS. 

At Fort Brown, the headquarters of the 20th Infantry, under com- 
mand of Col. George Sykes there are three companies of the 8th cavali-y, 
and five of the 20th infantry — in all 418 men. 

At Ft. Mcintosh, Capt. A. P. Carsher, commanding, there is one com- 
pany of the 8th cavalry and one of the 24th infantry — in ail 18,5 men. 

At Fort Pin gold Barracks, headquarters of the 8th cavalry, ]\Iajor C 
R. Clendenis, commanding, there are two companies of the 8th cavalry 
and four of the 24th infantry — in all 317 men. 

At San Diego, Capt. A. B. Kaufman, commanding, there is one 
company of the 8th cavalry — 56 men. 

At Santa Maria, Capt. J. F. Randlett, commanding, there is one 
companj^ of the 8th cavalry — 69 men. 

district of the NUECES, COMMANDED BY COLONEL R. S. I\L\CKENZIE, 4th 
CAVALRY. HEADQUARTERS, FORT CLARK, TEXAS. 

At Fort Clark, headquarters of 4th cavalry. R. S. Mackenzie, com- 
manding, there are five companies of the 4th cavalry, four companies of 
the 8th cavalry, two batteries of the 2nd artillery, and four companies of 
the 24th infantry — in all 852 men. 

At Fort Duncan, headquarters of the 24th infantry, Lieut. Col. J. 
E. Yard, commanding, there is one comi)any of 4th cavalry and thiee of 
the 24th infantry — in all 239 men. 

At San Felipe, Capt. Charles Bentzoni, counnanding, there i.s one 
Company- of the 25th infantry- — 64 men. 

DISTRICT OK THE PECOS, COMMANDED BY COLONEL B. H. GRIERSOX, lOtJl 
CAVALRY. HEADQUARTERS, FOjlT (■ON(;HO, TEXAS. 

At Fort Concho, headquarters of 10th cavalry. Col, B. H. Grierson, 



108 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

commiinding, there are four companies of 10th cavahy, and three of 24th 
infantry — in all 327 men. 

At Fort Davis, headquarters of 25th infantry, Capt. L. H. Carpenter, 
commanding, there are three companies of 10th cavalry and four of 
24th infantry — in all 325 men. 

At Fort Stockton, Capt. D. D. Vanvalzah, commanding there are two 
(• >mpanies of the 10th cavalry and three of the "25th infantry — in all 238 
men. 

DISTRICT OF NORTH TEXAS, COMMANDED, TEMPORARILY, BY LIEUT. COL. E. S. 
OTIS, 22nd INFANTRY. HEADQUARTERS, FORT M'kAVETT, TEXAS. 

• At Fort M'Kavett, headquarters of the 22nd infantiy, Lieut. Col. E. 
S. Otis, Commanding, there are five companies of the 22nd infantvy- 
in all 299 men. 

At Fort Griffin, Capt. J. D. Irvine, commanding, there is one com- 
pany of the 22nd, infantry — 56 men. 

At the independent post of San Antonio, Capt. J. H. Patterson, com- 
manding, there are two batteries of the 2nd artiller^^, and one company 
of the 20th infantry — 124 men. (It is rumored that the post will soon 
be removed from Fort Griffin to double mountain. ) The post at El 
Paso is connected with the department of New Mexico. 



UNITED STATES CUSTOMS DISTRICTS. 



There are upon the coast of Texas four United States customs dis- 
tricts ; and one upon the upper Rio Grande. The following are the 
names of the districts, and the leading custom house officers and state- 
ments of the exports and imports of the districts on the coast, for the 
year ending June first, 1879 : 

Col. R. M. Moore, of San Antonio, is Special Treasury Agent in 
charge of Customs Department. 

DISTRICT OF BRAZOS DE SANTIAGO. 

Jjhn L. Haynes, Collector Brownsville. 

Samuel W. Russell, Dep. Collector Point Isabel. 

Samuel J. Stewart, '* .'....Rio Grande City. 

LinaH. Box, " Edinburgh. 

John Vale, " Roma. 

Imports 1879, value $2,07^,052. Exports, $388,717; to which may 
be added, silver from Mexican mines, $1,579,812. 



UNITED STATES CUSTO:>[S DISTKICTS. 



109 



DISTRIOT Of 'lORPUS CHRISTI. 

Sam. M. Johnson, Collector Corpus Christi. 

CaMn G. Brewster, Dep. Collector Lorcso. 

Robert J. Holbein, " Aransas. 

J. F. Farrell, " Carrizo. 

Port of Corpus Christi imports, value, $495,666. Exports, $528,426. 

DISTRICT OF GALVESTON. 

EUsha M. Pease, Collector Galveston. 

Louis C. Aklredge, Dep. Collector Sabine. 

William P. Rayney, " Houston. 

Port of Galveston, value of imports, $911,577. Exports, $16,481,505. 



DUTIES COLLECTED. 



Total 
Total 


1878-79 

1877-78 


$ (^8,991.38 

62,352.73 


.Total 
Total 
Total 
Total 
Total 


1873-74 

1872-73 


$210,015.00 

492,428.86 


Total 
Total 
Total 


1876-77.. .. 

1875-76 

1874-75 


95,980.49 

...;. 97,947.77 
144 136 85 


1871-72 

1870-71 

1869-70 


672,582.31 

633,218.19 

277,750.29 









DISTRICT OF PASO DEL NOKTE. 

Sherman C. Slade, Collector El Paso. 

William F. Scott, Dep. Collector Tucson, A. T. 

Charles H. Brinley, " Yuma, A. T. 

Perseus V. Caldwell " Del Norte. 

Aurelius G. Ledbetter, " ' Silver City, N. M. 

Maximo Arando, " San Elizario. 

Receipts for Customs, and expense of collecting. 



FROM CUSTOMS FOR FISCAL TEAR ENDED 

JUNE 30, 1877. 



TEAR ENDED 

JUNE 30, 1878. 



Galveston 

Indianola, (Saluria) 

Corpus Christi 

Browns\ille, (Brazos) 

El Paso, Paso del Norte.. 



Receipts. I Exj^enses. 
;109. 859.31 $48,475.00 



7,982.17 
33,373.90 
22,293.31 
13,900.74 



12.070.00 

21 "10.00 

55,004.84 

9,994.00 



Expenses. 

$71,940.81 
16,675.72 
23,581.56 
23,220.67 
18,465.46 



Receipts. 
$38,318.23 
12,562.70 
21,257.03 
41,360.89 
16,234.37 



DISTRICT OF SALURIA, 

Cheney R. Prouty, Collector Indianola. 

William B. McCreary, Dep. Collector Eagle Pass. 

Wesley Ogden, " San Antonio. 

Port of Indianola. imports value, $114,459. Exports, $573,948. 



110 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

UNITED STATES COURTS IN TEXAS. 



Joseph P. Bradley, Associate Justice of tlie U. S. vSupreme Circuit 
Court. — W. B. Woods, Judge, of Atlanta, Georgia. 

Eastern District. — Amos Morrill, Judge; W. K. Homan, Attorney; 
Christopher Dart, and Geo. C. Rives Clerks ; Wm. J. Phillips, Marshal. 
Courts held twice a year in Galveston, Tyler and Jefferson. The fol- 
lowing Counties are included in the District: 

Jackson, Matagorda, Wharton, Brazoria, Fort Bend, Colorado, Austin, 
Waller, Harris, Galveston, Chambers, Jefferson, Orange, Hardin, 
Tvler, Polk, San Jacinto, Montgomery, Walker, Grimes, Madison, 
Trinity, Angelina, San Augustine, Sabine, Shelby, Nacogdoches, Chero- 
kee, Houston, Anderson, Henderson, Smith, ^Rusk, Panola. Harrison, 
Gregg, Upshur, Wood, Van Zandt, Rains, Hopkins, Camp, Titus, Mar- 
ion, Cass, Bowie, Franklin, Liberty, Newton, Jasper, Morris and Red 
River. 

Western District. — Thomas H. Duval, Judge ; Andrew J. Evans, 
Attorney ; Matthew Hopkins, Clerk ; S. H. Russell, Marshal. Courts 
held twice a 3^ear at Austin, San Antonio, and Brownsville. The follow- 
ing Counties comprise the District : 

Calhoun, Victoria, Goliad, Refugio, Bee, San Patricio, Nueces, Cam- 
eron, Hidalgo, Starr, Zapata, Duval, Encinal, Webb, La Salle, McMul- 
len, Live Oak, De Witt, Lavaca, Gonzales, Wilson, Karnes, Atascosa, 
Frio, Dimmit, Zavala, Maverick, Kinney, Uvalde, Medina, Bexar, 
Guadalupe, Caldwell, Fayette, Washington, Lee, Burleson, Milam, 
Williamson, Bastrop, Travis, Hays, Comal, Kendall, Blanco, Burnet, 
Llano, Gillespie, Kerr, BancTera, Edwards, Kimball, Mason, Menard, 
El Paso, Presidio, Tom Green, Crockett, Pecos, Concho, McCuUoch, 
San Saba and Lampasas. 

Northern District. — Andrew P. M'Cormick, Judge; Fred. W. 
Minor, Attorne}' ; John A. Fink, Clerk; A. B. Norton, Marshal. 
Courts neld at Waco, Dallas and Graham. The following Counties 
are included in this District ; 

Brazos, Robertson, Leon, Limestone, Freestone, Navarro, Ellis, Kauf- 
man, Dallas, Rockwall, Hunt, Fannin, Lamar, Delta, Collin, Grayson, 
Cooke, Denton, Tarrant, Johnson, Hill, McLennan, Falls, Bell, Cor3'ell, 
Hamilton, Bosque, Comanche, P^ratli, Somerville, Hood, Parker, Palo 
Pinto, Jack, Wise, Montague, Clay, Archer, Wichita, Wilbarger, 
Hardeman, Knox, Baylor, Haskell, Throckmorton, Young, Stephens, 
Shackelford, Jones, Taylor, Callahan, P^astland, Brown, Coleman, Run- 



UJNiTKi) 8TATES COURTS IN TEXAS. Ill 

nels. Greer, Nolan, Fisher, Stonewall, King, Cottle, Childress, Collins- 
wortli, Wheeler, Hoinphill, Limpscomb, Ochiltree, Roberts, Gray, Don- 
ley, Hall, Motley, Dickens, Kent, Scurry, Mitchell, Howard, Borden, 
Dawson, Gaines, Martin, Andrews, Garza, Crosby, Floyd, Briscoe, 
Arm. trong. Carson, Hutchinson, Hansford, Sherman, Moore, Potter, 
Randall, Swisher, Hale, Lubbock. Lynn, Terr}^, Hockley, Lamb, Castro, 
Deaf Smith, Oldham, Hartley, Dallam, Palmer, Bayley, Cochran" and 
Yoakum. 

Times of Holding Courts : The courts shall be held in the city of Waco, 
on the first Mondays in April and October ; in the city of Dallas, the first 
Monda3's in June and December ; in the town of Graham, Young.county, 
on the first Monda3's in February and August ; in the city of Galveston, 
on the first Mondays in November and March ; at the city of Tyler, on 
the second Monda3's in January and May ; at the city of Jefferson, on 
the second Monday's in February and September; at the city of Browns- 
ville, on the first Mondays in Januar}'^ and July ; at San Antonio, on 
the first Monday's in May and November ; at Austin, on the first Mon- 
days in February and August. And the district judge of each of said 
districts shall have power to fix adjourned terms at all of said places, so 
as to dispose of the whole of the business of said courts. 



LIGHT HOUSES ON THE COAST OF TEXAS. 



The lighthouses on the coast of Texas are as follows: 

1. Galveston light-ship, inside of Galveston bar, with bell and horn 
for fog signals, with fixed Avhite light elevated 48 feet above the sea level. 
Strangers should not approach Galveston bar without a pilot in less than 
7 fathoms of water. They may anchor in safety in 7 fathoms, with the 
light-ship bearing west by north The light-ship is anchored in 28 feet 
of water. 

2. White and black tower on Bolivar point, 117 feet above sea level, 
with a fixed v/hite light illuminating the entire horizon. Good anchor- 
age in 7 fathoms, with the lighthouse bearing W. N. W. }4 W. 

3. Bay light on Half-IMoon shoals ; super-structure white ; to guide 
vessels clear of the shoals. 

4. Bay light on iro:i piles at Redfish bar; superstructure white, with 
li^'ht on keeper's dwelling, lantern black; to guide vessels clear of Red- 
fish reefs. 



112 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND BOOK. 

5. Bay light on iron piles at Clopper's bar, to guide vessels clear of 
Clopper's bar. 

6. Cast iron tower in the form of a truncated cone and painted l)lack, 
near the northeastern end of Matagorda island, at the entrance to 
Matagorda bay, Pass Cavallo. This bar should never be attempted with- 
out' a pilot. Anchorage in 7 to 8 fathoms, with light bearing W. N. 
W. to N. W. 

7. A fixed red light, on screw piles, on the southern extremity of 
Half-Moon reef. 

8. Qctagonal lirick tower on low island inside of Aransas pass. 
Strangers should not attempt this bar without a pilot, or without sound- 
ing the bar for themselves. 

9. Beacon on the south side of the entrance to Brazos Santiago. 
Vessels should make Point Isabel light, and, keeping in not less than 
seven fathoms, bring the beacon to bear S. W. by W. and anchor. On 
no account should strangers attempt to cross the bar without a pilot, as 
it is always changing. 

10. Black tower, 82 feet above the sea level, at Point Isaliel, Brazos 
Santiago, with fixed white light varied by white flashes and illuminating 
the entire horizon. 



TEXAS HARBORS. 



In the River and Harlior appropriation bill, passed by the Forty- 
fifth Congress the following ai)propriations were made to Texas : 

Channel at Sabine Pass and Blue Buck bar, $25,000 ; Galveston har- 
bor, $100,000. 

Ship channel, Galveston, 880,000 ; the government to accept proposi- 
tion of tlie Bayou Ship channel company to turn over the work at Mor- 
gan's Point, and to surrender their charter and rights accruing there- 
under to the United States, which proposition is now on file in the war 
department and accepted, in which case the government hereliy adopts 
the line surveyed from the cut in Red-fish bar to the cut in Morgan's 
Point ; provided that no part of said sum shall be expended until the 
said committee accepts the provisions of the act. 

Sabine pass, above Orange, Texas, $6,000. 

Trinity River, $2,500. 




COURT HOUSE AT AUSTIN. TEXAS. 



UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT. 



113 



Mouth of Neches River, $5,000. 
Passo Cavallo and Matagorda bay, $25,000. 
C'yi)ress bayou, $G,000. 
Kiver bank, Fort Brown, Texas, $7,000. 

Aransas pass and baj'-, up to Rockport and Corpus Christi pass 
channel, $35,000. 
The se\eral states named below received the amounts specified : 

TO ALL THE STATES. 



Maine $ 26,000 

New Hampshire 10,000 

Vermont 26,000 

Massachusetts 74,500 

Rhode Island 65,000 

Connecticut 124,500 

New York 518,000 

New Jersey 116,000 

Pennsylvania 367,000 

Delaware 22,500 

Maryland . . '. 175,000 

Virginia 230,000 

West Virginia 186,000 

North Carolina 223,500 

South CaroUna 200,000 

Georgia 181,000 

Florida 39,500 

Alabama 380,000 

Mississippi 120,000 

Louisiana 655,000 

Texas 266,000 



Arkansas $102,000 

Missouri 74,000 

Tennessee 121,000 

Kentucky 1 12,000 

Ohio 220,000 

Indiana 85,000 

IlUnois 165,000 

Michigan 548,000 

Wisconsin 362,500 

Iowa 134,500 

Minnesota 57.500 

Kansas 30. ( 03 

Nebraska 40,000 

California 243,000 

Oregon 222,00) 

Dakota 17,000 

Montana 70, (.00 

District of Columbia 50,100 

Mississippi River 4()5,000 

Missouri River 90,000 

Ohio River 150,000 



UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT— EXECUTIVE DE- 
PARTMENT. 



Rutherfoid B. Hayes, President, Ohio Salary $ 

William A. Wheeler, Vice-President, New York Salary 

J CABINET. 

William M. Evarts, New York, Secretary of St(ae.... Salary 

John Sherman, Ohio, Secretary of Treasury Salary 

George W. McCreary, Iowa, Secretary of War Salary 

Richard W. Thomi)son, Indiana, Secretary of Navy... Salary 

Carl Schurz, Missouri, Secretary of Interior Salary 

David M. Key, Tennessee, Postmaster- General Salary 

Charles Devens, Massachusetts, Attorney- General.... Salary 



550,000. 

$cS,000. 

$8,000. 
$8,000. 
$8,000. 
$8,000. 
$8,000. 
$8,000. 
$8,000. 



114 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. • 

UNITED STATES CONGRESS.— SENATE. 



Each State is entitled to two Senators, elected b}' the State Lesjisla- 
tures, on joint ballot. Six j-ears is the senatorial term. In the 44th 
Congress — 1875 the Republicans had 43 members of the Senate ; Demo- 
crats 28 and 3 were reported as Independents. In the 45th Congress 
— 1877, there were 4G RepubUean Senators, and 30 Democrats. In the 
4Gth Congress — 1879, there are 42 Democrats, 33 Republicans and one 
(David Davis, of Illinois,) Independent. 



FORTY-SIXTH CONGRESS. 

SENATE. 

(March 4, 1879, to March 4, 1881.) 
Term ends. 



ALABAIMA. 

John T. Morgan, D 1883 

George S. Houston, D 1885 

ARKANSAS. 

A. H. Garland, D 1883 

J. D. Walker, D 1885 

CALIFORNIA. 

Newton Booth, R 1881 

James T. Farley, D 1885 

COLORADO. 

Henry M. Teller, R 1883 

N. P. Hill, R 1885 

CONNECTICUT. 

William W. Eaton, D 1881 

Orvill H. Piatt, R 1885 

DELAWARE. 

Thomas F. Bayard, 1) 1881 

Eli Saulsbury, D 1^83 

FLORIDA. 

Charles W. Jones, D IS.Sl 

Wilkinson Call, D 1«85 

GEORGIA. 

Benjamin H. Hill, D 1883 

Jolui B. Gordon, D 1885 

ILLINOIS. 

David Davis, Ind 1883 

John A. Logan, R 1885 



Term ends. 



INDIANA. 

J. E. McDonald, D 

Daniel W. Voorhees, D. 

IOWA. 

S. J. Kirkwood, R. . . . 
William B. Allison, R. . 



KANSAS. 
Preston B. Plumb, R.. 
John J. Ingalls, R. . . . 



KENTUCKY 

James B. Beck D 

J. S. Williams, D 



LOUISIANA. 

W. P. Kellogg, R 

B. F. Jonas, 1) 



MAINE 

H. Hamlin, R 

James G. Blaine, R. 



MARYLAND. 
WiUiamP. Whyte, D. . . 
James. B. Groome. D. . . 



MASSACHUSETTS. 

Henry L. Dawes, R 

George F. Hoar, R 



MICIHGAN. 
Henry P. Baldwin, R. . . 
Thomas W. Ferry. P- • 



1881 
1885 

1883 

1885 

1883 
1885 

1883 
188') 

1883 
1885 

1881 

1883 

1881 
1885 

1881 
1883 

1881 
1883 



CTNITED STATES CONGRESS. — REPRESENTATIVES. 



115 



SENATE. - 

Tertn ends. 
MINNESOTA. 

S. J. R. McMillun, R 1881 

Willitiin Windom, R 1883 

MISSISSIPPI. 

B. K. P>riice, R 1881 

L. Q. C. Lamar, D 1883 

MISSOURI. 

F. M. Cockrell, D 1881 

George G. Vest, D 1885 

NEBRASKA. 

A. S. Paddock, R 1881 

Alvin Saunders, R 1883 

NEVADA. 

William Sharon, R 1881 

John P. Jones, R 1885 

NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

Edw. H. Rollins, R 1883 

A Republican 1885 

NEW JERSEY. 

T. F. Randolph. D 1881 

J. R. McPherson, D 1883 

NEW YORK. 

Francis Kernan, D 18S1 

Roscoc Conkling, R 1885 

NORTH CAROLINA. 

M. W. Ransom, D 1883 

Zebulon Vance, D 1885 

OHIO. 

A. G. Thurman, D 1881 

G. H. Pendleton, D.. 1885 

RECAPITULATION.— Democrats 



-Continued. 

Term ends. 
OREGON. 

L. S. Grover, D 1883 

James H. Slater, D 1885 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

W. A. Wallace, D 18«1 

John D. Cameron, R 18S5 

RHODE ISLAND. 

A. E. Burnside, R 1881 

H.B.Anthony, R 1883 

SOUTH CAROLINA. 

M. C. Butler, D 1883 

Wade Hampton, D 1885 

TENNESSEE. 

James E. Bailev, D . 1881 

Isham G. Harris. D 1883 

TEXAS. 

Samuel B. Maxey, D 1881 

Richard Coke, D 1883 

VERMONT. 

G. F. Edmunds. R 1881 

Justin S. Morrill, R 1885 

VIRGINIA. 

Robert E. Withers, D 1881 

J. W. Johnston, D- 1883 

WEST VIRGINIA. 

Frank Hereford, D 1881 

Henry G. Davis, D 1883 

WISCONSIN. 

Angus Cameron. R 1881 

Matt. R. Carpenter, R 1885 

42, Republicans 33, Independent 1. 



HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 

B}' the constitution the first Congress — 1787 — was composed of 05 
members. In 1790 one member for every 30.000 population : there 
were 105 Representatives. In 1800, one Representative for every 33.000 
people — 141 memliers. In 1810 the ratio was changed to one for every 
35,000 people, and the number was 18G. In 1820 one for 40,000 : there 
were 212 members. In 1830, one to everv 47.700. and there wore 211 



116 



TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 



members. In 1840 the ratio was one for every 70,080 population, and 
the number of members was 243. 

In 1850— Eatio one to 98,702; number of members, 237. In 1860 
the ratio was one for 126,823 ; number of members, 243. In 1870 the 
number of the lower house was fixed at 293. 

In the 44th Congress there were 181 Democrats, 109 Eepublieans 
and 11 Independents. In the 45th Congress, 161 Democrats, 133 
Repubhcans. In the 46th Congress, 148 Democrats, 133 Republicans, 8 
Independents, and California still to elect. 



HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 





ALABAMA. 


Maj. 




1. 


Thos. H. Herndon, D... 


.3,639 


1. 


2. 


Hilaiy A. Herbert, ll . . 


.1,859 


2. 


3. 


William J. Stamford, D . 


.5,388 




4. 


George M. Shelley, D . . . 


.1,959 


1. 
2. 
3. 

4. 
5. 


5. 


Thomas Williams, D . . . 


.3,803 


6. 


Burwell B. Lewis, D . . . 


.4,452 


7. 


William H. Forney, D.. 


.2,595 


8. 


William M. Lowe, D. . . 


.2,044 




ARKANSAS. 




6. 

7. 


1. 


Poindexter Dunn, D 


.8,863 


8. 


2. 


William F. Slemons, D. 


..2,827 


9 


3. 


Jordan E. Cravens. D. . 


.3,334 


c/ • 


4. 


Thomas M. Gunther, D . 


.2,722 


1 




CALIFORNIA. 




X m 

2 


1. 


Horace Davis, R 




3. 


2. 


Horace F. Page, R 


, 


4. 


3. 


Joseph McKenna, D. . . . 


.. 


5. 


4. 


Romualdo Pacheco, R. . 


• 


6. 

7. 




COLORADO. 




8. 

9. 

10. 


1. 


James B. Belf ord, R . . . 


.2,291 








11. 




CONNECTICUT. 




12 


1. 


Joseph R. Hawle3% R . 


.2,287 


13 


2. 


James Phelps, D 


.2,273 


14 


3. 


John T. Wait, R 


.1,665 


15 


4. 


Frederick Miles, R 


.1,179 


16 
17 




DELAWARE. 




18 


Ed 


ward L. Martin. U 


..7.610 


19 



FLORIDA. 

3faj\ 
R. H. M. Davidson, D. . .3,231 
Noble A. Hull, D 6a 

GEORGIA. 

John C. Nicholls, D 3,446. 

WilUam E. Smith, D 4,483 

Philip Cook, D 2,628 

Henry Persons, D 3,235 

N. J. Hammond, D 2,073 

James H. Blount, D 3,192 

William H. Felton, D...l.o5(> 
Alexander H. Stephens, D. 3, 297 
Emory Speer, D 222 

ILLINOIS. 

William Aldrich, R 4, 

George R. Davis, R 4, 

Hiram Barber, Jr., R 4, 

John C. Sherwin, R 9, 

Robert M. A. Hawk, R. .6, 

T. J. Henderson, R 4, 

Philip C. Hayes, R 4, 

GreenburyL. Fort, R. ...4. 

Thomas A. Boyd, R 

Benjamin F. Mareh. R. .. 
James W. Singleton. D..5, 

W. M. Springer, D 3. 

Thomas F. Tipton, R 1, 

Joseph G. Cannon, K . . . .2, 
Albert P. Forsyth, ( i. 
W. A. J. Sparks, 1).. 

W. R. Morrison, D 1, 

John R. Thomas, R 

R. W. Townshend, D... .4, 



1, 



998 
246 
294 
117 
219 
289 
220 
69(> 
741 
576 
005 
396 
812 
171 
164 
547 
831 
612 
413 



UNITED STATES CONGRESS. — KKPRESENTATIVES. 



117 



REPRESENT ATI VES.—Con«t» »ff7. 



INDIAXA. 

1. William Hielman, R S2'J 

2. Thomas R. Cobb, D. ..5.285 
5. George A. Bicknell, i)....5,705 

4. Jeptlia D. New, D . 491 

5. Thomas B. Browne, R.... 840 
■6. William R. Meyers, D.. . . 619 

7. George B. Loring, R 113 

8. Andrew J. S. Hosietter, D. 1.040 

9. Godlove 8. Orth, R 98 

10. William H. Calkins, R... 1,957 

11. Calvin Cowgill, R 2,445 

12. AValpole G. Colerick, D..7.355 

13. John H. Baker, R 1,661 

IOWA. 

1. Moses M. McCoid, R 4,760 

2. Hiram Price, R 3,828 

3. Thos. Upderaft", R 1,837 

4. Nath. C. Deering, R. ..11,392 

5. Rush Clark, R. .^ 2. 194 

>6. J. B. Weaver, G 2.059 

7. E. H. Gillette, G 924 

8. William E. Sapp, R 7,583 

9. C. C. Carpenter, R 4.151 

KANSAS. 

1. John A. Anderson, R.. 15, 538 

2. Dudley C. Haskell, R.. 5,702 

3. Thomas Ryan, R 14,173 

KENTUCKY. 

1. Oscar Turner, D 1 .267 

2. J. A. McKenzie, I) 5. 129 

-3. John W. Caldwell, D 854 

4. J. Proctor Knott. D 4,353 

5. Albert S. Willis, D 1 ,623 

«. John G. Carlisle, D 4,024 

7. J. C. S. Blackburn, D...5,084 

8. P. B. Thompson, Jr., I). 1.772 

9. Thomas Turner, D 2.392 

10. Elijah C. Phister, D 4,648 

LOUISIANA. 

1. RandellL. Gibson, D.... 

2. E. John Ellis, 1) 

S. Jos. H. Acklen, D 

4. Joseph B. El.am, D 

5. J. Floyd King, D 

6. E. AV. Robertson, D 



MAINE. 

1. Thomas B. Reed, R 4,150 

2. WilUam P. Frye, R 2,962 

3. Stephen D. Lindsey, R..3.022 

4. George W. Ladd, D 2.926 

5. Thomas H. Murch, G... 1,347 

MARYLAND. 

1. Daniel M. Henry, D 1.072 

2. J. Fred. C. Talbot, D. . .6,225 

3. Wm. Kimmell, D 6.564 

4. Robert M. McLane, D. . .4,393 

5. Eli J. Ilenkle. D 2.476 

6. Milton G. Urner, R 1 ,561 

MASSACHUSETTS . 

1. Wm. W. Crapo, R 5.192 

2. Benjamin W. Harris, R..9.107 

3. Walbridge A. Field, R. . . 441 

4. LeopokrMorse. D 3,993 

5. Selwyn Z. Bowman, 4,655 

6. Geo. B. Loring, R 113 

7. Wm. A. Russell, R 5.469 

8. Wm. Claflin, R 2.542 

9. AYm. W. Rice, R 4.335 

10. Amasa Norcross, R 6,305 

11. Geo. D. Robinson, R 3,033 

MICHIGAN. 

1. John S. Newberrv, R 1.325 

2. Edwin Willetts, R. 4.555 

3. Jonas H. McGowan, R. .2.034 

4. JHous C. Burrows, R. . . . 

5. John W. Stone, R 710 

6. Mark S. Brewer, R 2.910 

7. Omar B. Conger, R 2.999 

8. Rosewell G. Horr, R 2.422 

9. Jay A. Ilubbell, R 7,786 

jNIINNESOTA. 

1. Mark II- Dunnell. R 5,881 

2. Ilenrv Poehler, D 724 

3. Wm."^D. Washburn, R...3.011 

MISSISSIPPI. 

1. Henry L. ^luldrow. D. . .3,030 

2. Van II. Manning, D 1,370 

3. H. B. B. Money, D 1.016 

4. Otho R. Singleton, D -1,629 

5. Charles E. Hooker, D ... 4, 1 1 9 

6. James E. Chalmers, D.. .5,275 



118 



TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 



EEPRESENTATIVES— (7o?i<»i»ed. 



MISSOURI. 

1. Martin L. Clardy, D. . 

2. Erastus Wells, D 

3. R. Graham Frost, D.. 

4. Lowndes H. Davis, D. 

5. Richard P. Bland, D.. 

6. James R. Waddill, D.. 

7. Alfred M. Lay,* D... 

8. Samuel L. Sawyer, D . . 

9. Nicholas Ford, G 

10. Gideon F. Rothwell, D 
IL John B. Clark, Jr., D. 

12. WiUiam IL Hatch, D. . 

13. Aylett H. Buckner, D. 



Maj. 
..2,948 
. . 266 
..1,918 
..5,218 
..3,269 
..6,147 
..8,150 
. . 810 
..1,173 
..3,918 
.16,418 
..1,866 
..7,016 



NEBRASKA. 
Edw. K. Valentine, R 6,589 

NEVADA. 
R. M. Daggett, R 680 

NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

1. Joshua G. Hall, R 2,884 

2. James F. Briggs, R 3,121 

3. Evarts W. Farr, R 1,045 

NEW JERSEY. 

1. Geo. M. Robeson, R 5,024 

2. H. B. Smith, D 905 

3. Miles Ross, D 333 

4. Alvah A. Clark, D 1,634 

5. Charles IL Vorhis, R 789 

6. John L. Blake, R 1,939 

7. L. A. Brigham, R 1,916 

NEW YORK. 

1. James W. Covert, D 2,111 

2. Daniel O.Reilly, D 3,257 

3. S. B. Chittenden, R 6,650 

4. Archibald M. Bliss, D...4,278 

5. Nicholas Muller, D 1,139 

6. Samuel S. Cox, D 4,581 

7. Edward Einstein, R 455 

8. Anson (i. IMcCook, R...5,342 

9. Fernado Wood, D 1,551 

10. James O'Brien, 1) 2,283 

11. Levi P. Morton, R 7,018 

12. (Died) R 2,256 

13. John IL Ketchum, R 8,542 

14. John W. Ferdon, R 538 

15. William Loimsbery, D.. .2,239 
! 6. John M. Bailey, R 195 

*Died at Washington December, 



NEW YORK— Continued. 

Maj. 

17. Water A. Wood, R 7,li4 

18. John Hammond, R 4.885 

19. A. B. James, R 7,077 

20. John H. Starin, R 6,858 

21. David Wilbor, R 5,197 

22. Warner Miller, R 3, 197 

23. Cyrus D. Prescott, R 1,0^2 

24. Joseph IMason, R 736 

25. Frank Hiscock, R 3,425 

26. John II. Camp, R 3,379 

27. Elb. G. Lapham, R 2,035 

28. Jer. W. Dwight. R 4,407 

29. David P. Richardson. R.3,36(> 

30. John Van Vorhis, R 1,651 

31. Richard Crowley, R 3.814 

32. Ray V. Pierce, R 2.893 

33. Henry Van Arnam, R... 4,632 

NORTH CAROLINA. 

1. Joseph J. Martin, R 51 

2. William II. Kitchen. D ... 1, 122 

3. Daniel Russell, G 881 

4. Joseph J. Davis, I) 3.511 

5. Alfred M. Scales, D 2,646 

6. Walter M. Steele, D 4,650 

7. Robert F. Armfield, D.. .1,103 

8. Robert B. Vance, D 2,894 

OHIO. 

1. B. Butterworth, R 720 

2. Thomas L. Young, 974 

3. John A. McMaho'n, D... 1,087 

4. J. W. Keifer, R 5,010 

5. Benjamin Lefevre, J). . . .1,828 

6. William D. Hill, D 4,038 

7. Frank Hurd, D 1,904 

8. E. B. Finley, D 1,255 

9. George L. Converse, D. . 988 

10. Thomas Ewing, D 438 

11. Henry L. Dickey, D 1,358 

12. Henry S. Neal, R 2,073 

13. Andrew J. Warner, D. . . V2•^ 

14. Gibson Atherton, D 2,287 

15. Georo-e W. Geddes, D. . .4,568 

16. Wm.McKinlcy, Jr., R. . . 1,234 

17. James Monroe, R 2,678 

18. J. T. Updegraff, R 2,727 

19. James A. Garrield, R 9,613 

20. xVmos Townsend, R 5,81( 

1879. 



UNITED STATES CONGRESS. — KEPRESENTATIVES. 



119 



REPRESENTATIVES— Con^mwed. 



OREGON. 
John Whitaker, D. 



3Iaj. 
1,170 



PENNSYLVANIA. 

1. Henry H. Bingham, K.. .7,427 

2. Charles O'Nei'l, R 4,886 

3. SamuelJ. Randall, D 2,747 

4. William D. Kelly, R 6,089 

5. Alfred C. Harmer, R 5,042 

6. William Ward, R 4,356 

7. William Godschalk, R. . . 1,338 

8. Heister Clymer, D 5,991 

9. A. Herr Smith, R 6,881 

10. Reuben K. Baehman, D. .9,349 

11 . Robert Klotz, D 95 

12. H. B. Wright, D 2,693 

13. John W. Rvan, D 192 

14. John W. Killinger, R. .. 1,626 

15. Ed. Overton. Jr., R 3,824 

16. John I. Mitchell, R 1,070 

17. Alex. H. Coffroth, 1). ... 307 

18. Horatio G. Fisher, R 207 

19. F. E. Beltzhoover, D....5,497 
20.\Seth H. Yocum, G 73 

21. Morgan R. Wise, D 3,550 

22. Russell Errett, R 1,652 

23. Thomas M. Bayne, R 3,483 

24. W. S. Shallenberger, R.. 1,236 

25. Harry White, R 1,713 

26. Samuel B. Dick, R 1,297 

27. J. H. Osmer, R 2,654 

RHODE ISLAND. 

1. Nelson W. Aldrich, R...4,63. 

2. Litimer W. Ballon, R. . . 1,03-. 

SOUTH CAROLINA. 

1. John S. Richardson, 1).. 8,6 11 

2. M. P. O'Connor, D 7,38( 

3. J. F. Ensor, R l.S,l!».- 

4. D. Wyatt Aiken. D 21,961 

5. John H. Evins, D 

6. G. D. Tihnan, D 15,745 

tennp:ssee. 

1. Robert L. Taylor, D 731 

2. L. C. Houk, R 4,381 

3. George G. Dibrell, D 6,204 

4. Benton McMillan, D 3,675 

5. John M. Bright, D 5,781 



TENNESSEE— Continued. 

3faj. 

6. John F. House, D 4,948 

7. W. C. Whitthorne,D.... 1,000 

8. John D. C. Atkins, D. . .3,104 

9. C. B. Simonton, D 3,436 

10. Casey Young, D 2,323 

TEXAS. 

1. John H. Regan, D 19,113 

2. David H. Culberson, D.. 10,111 

3. OUn Wellborn, D 31,130 

4. Roger Q. Mills, D 21,496 

5. George W. Jones, G... 1,380 

6. Columbus Upson, 

VERMONT. 

1. Charles H. Joyce, R ...6,703 

2. James M. Tyler, R 7,891 

3. Bradley Barlow, G 7,037 

VIRGINIA 

1. R. L. T. Beale, D 1,792 

2. John Goode, Jr., D 2,739 

3. Joseph E. Johnston, D. .1,615 

4. Joseph Jergensen, R. . . .4,346 

5. George C Cabell, D 4,278 

6. Johu'R. T eker, D 3,373 

7. John T. H aris, D 1,655 

8. Eppa Hunton, D 4,653 

9. James B. Richmond, D.. 291 

WEST VIRGINIA. 

1. Benjamin Wilson, D 3,406 

2. Benjamin F. Martin, D. .7,834 

3. John E. Kenna, D 2,817 

WISCONSIN. 

1. Charles G. Williams, R. .4,680 

2. Lucien B. Caswell, R. . . .3.105 

3. George C. Hazelton, R. . 92 

4. P. V. Deuster, D 135 

5. Edwards. Bragg, D 2,107 

6. Gabriel Bouck,^D 2,601 

7. H. L. Humphrey, R 2,376 

8. Thaddcus C Pound, R. . . 1,374 



120 



TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 



TERRITORIAL DELEGATES. 



ARIZONA. 

Hiram H. Stepens, D. . 

DAKOTA. 



NEW MEXICO. 
Marino S. Otero, R G82 

UTAH. 



Granville G. Bennett, R 2,004 Geo. Q. Cannon, D. (noopp). 

WASHINGTON. 
...1,351 It. B. Brents, R 1.301 

MONTANA. WYOMING. 
Martin Maginnis, D 3,728 Stephen W. Downey, R 1,041 



IDAHO. 

George Ainslee, D. . . . 



RECAPITULATION. 



States. 




Alabama 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georiria 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Marj'land 

Massachusetts.... 

Miclii<,fan 

Minnesot.a 

Mississij)pi 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New llanipsliin 

New .lersej- 

New York 

North Carolina. 

Ohio 

Oreoon 

IViuisylvania.... 

liliodc Island.... 

Soutli Cai-olina.. 

Tennessee 

Texas 



Vermont 

yir<;inia 

West Viryinii 
Wis(!onsin 



S 

4 
1 
4 
1 



9 

HI 

13 
!J 
3 

10 
G 
5 
(5 

11 
{) 
3 
C 

13 
1 
1 
3 
7 

33 
8 

20 
1 



10 

.3 

3 



Kepitblicans. 



12 
G 
7 
3 



3 

1 

10 

9 

9 



1 
1 

3 

o 

25 

3 

9 



Total 29;! 



V.iS 



Democrats. 



10 
6 
1 



Greenback. 



11 

1 



s 

3 
3 

14S 



FOKTY-SIXTII CONGRESS.— CALLED SESSIOlSr. 121 

FORTY-SIXTH CONGRESS.— CALLED SESSION. 



A difference having arisen between the president and congress result- 
ing in the veto of some of the important appropriation l)ills ; bills whicli 
the XLVth Congress failed to pass over the Presidential veto, President 
Hayes convened the XLVIth Congress in extr-a session on the 18th of 
March, 1879. The following message, sent to Congress, explains the 
President's reasons for calling the extra session: 

Fellow-Citizens of the Senate and House of Representatives : The 
failure of the last Congress to make tlie i-ecpiisite appropriation for leo-- 
it^lative and judicial purposes, for the expenses of the several. executive 
departments of the government and for the support of the armv. has 
made it necessary to call a special session of the forty-sixth Congress. 
The estimates of appropriations needed, which were sent to Congress 
bj' the Secretary of the Treasury at the opening of the last session, are 
renewed and are herewith transmitted to both the Senate and House of 
Representatives. Regretting the existence of the emei-gency which 
requires a special session of Congress at a time, when it is the o-eneral 
judgment of the country that the public welfare will be best promoted 
by permanency in our legislation, and by peace and rest, I commit 
these few necessary measures to j'our consideration. 

(Signed,) Rutherford B. Hayes. 

Washington, March 19, 1879. 

The controversy' which liad commenced in the forty-fifth Congress 
was continued in the forty-sixth. It related principally to the use of 
United States soldiers at the places of voting, and the appointment of 
United States marshals to supervise elections. The views of the two 
political parties, on the question of military interference at the ipoUs. 
were embodied in a bill offered by JMr. Ladd, Democrat, and a substi- 
tute by Mr. Robeson. Repulilican. 

Democratic Bill. 
" Wliereas^ The presence of troops at the polls is contrarv to tlie 
spirit of our institutions and the traditions of our people, and tends to 
destroy the freedom of elections; therefore,- J3t^ It enacted, etc.. That it 
shall not be lawful to bring to or emploj' at any i)lace where a general or 
special election is being held in a State any part of the arm}' or uavv of 
the United States, unless such force be necessar}' to repel the armed en- 
emies of the United States, or to enforce Section 4, Article 4, of the Con- 
stitution of the United States, and the laws made in pursuance thereof, 
on application of the Legislature or the Executive of the State where such 



122 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

force is to be used ; and so much of all laws as is inconsistent herewith 
is hereby repealed." 

Republican SiLbsUtute. 

" Wliereas, The unnecessary presence of troops at the polls is con- 
trary to the spirit of our institutions and the traditions of our people, 
and would tend to destro}^ the freedom of elections ; and 

" Whereas, The presence of troops at the polls has heretofore been, 
and may hereafter be, necessary and proper for the suppression of ille- 
gal and powerful combinations of armed men in military array, engaged 
in obstructing by force the due execution of the laws of the United 
States, and in destroying the freedom and peace of elections ; and 

" Whereas, Experience has shown that the existence of the republic, 
the supremacy of its laws, and the liberty of its people can only be 
maintained against the military and other powerful combinations of 
their enemies by the exertion of the military power of the government, 
in subordination to the civil power, in support of the law ; and 

" Wliereas, The injunctions of the Constitution that the president 
shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed are equally binding 
in respect to laws relating to elections, the course of justice, ahd all 
other laws of the United States, without distinction of days, places, or 
occasions ; therefore , 

" Be it enacted, etc., That it shall not be lawful to bring to or employ 
at any place where a general or special election is being held in a State 
any part of the army or navy of the United States, unless such employ- 
ment be necessary to carry out the provisions of the Constitution of the 
United States, or to overcome forcible obstruction to the execution of 
the laws made in pursuance thereof. 

"Sec. 2. Every. person who violates the provisions of this act shall 
be subject to the penalties named in Section 5,528 of the Revised 
Statutes." 

The substitute was voted down and the original bill passed, the papers 
state, by a strictly party vote. A careful reading of the two will enaltle 
our readers to understand the merits of the question upon which the 
next presidential election is expected to turn. 

Three bills were passed making appropriations for the army, for the 
legislative department, and for the judiciary, with repealing clauses, or 
clauses prohibiting interference with elections ; and were all vetoed by 
President Hayes. These bills were subsequently passed in such a shape 
as to secure the approval of the President, except a bill which made 
special appropriations for the support of United States marshals. This 
was vetoed, and Congress adjourned without making any provision for 
tlieir support. 



FOKY-SIXTII CONGKESS. — CALLED SESSION. 123 

The following is a list of the more important legislative measures 
originated in the Senate which finally passed both of the houses and 
which, with the approval of the President, have l3ecome laws : A bill to 
prevent the introduction of contagious or infectious diseases into the 
United States. A bill to authorize the Secretary of the Treasury to 
contract for the construction of a refrigerating ship for the disinfection 
of vessels and cargoes. Bill relating to vinegar factories operated prior 
to March 1, 1879. Bill extending the pension of General James Shields 
to his widow and children, and granting a special pension to the widow 
of Colonel Fletcher Webster. Bill changing the name of the steam 
propeller Nuhpa to Metro^wlitan. Bill to provide for filling vacancies 
in the office of chief of engineers, United States Army. Bill to change 
the name of the ferryboat James Fisk, Jr., to Passaic. Bill to exempt 
from registry enrollment or license vessels not propelled by sail or in- 
ternal motive power of their own. Bill to authorize the Secretary of 
War to release certain lands (at Plattsburg) to the people of the State 
of New York. A bill to grant additional rights to homestead settlers 
within railroad limits in the States of Missouri and Arkansas. A joint 
resolution relating to the organization of the National Board of Healtli. 
A joint resolution concerning records of mixed international tribunals 
on file in the Department of State. 

The following is a list, giving titles, of the more important bills orig- 
inating in the House of Representatives during the session, and which, 
by the President's approval, have become laws : Making appropriations 
for the legislative, executive and judicial expenses of the government 
for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1880, and for other purposes. 
Making appropriations for the support of the army for the fiscal year 
ending June 30, 1880, and for other purposes. Making appropriations 
for the judicial expenses of the government. To provide for the ex- 
change of subsidiary coins for lawful money of the United States under 
certain circumstances, and to make such coins a legal tender in all sums 
not exceeding SlO, and for other purposes. Making appropriations for 
constructing jetties and other works at South Pass, JMississippi River. 
To amend sections 1,417, 1,418, 1,419, 1,420 and 1,G24 of the Revised 
Statutes of the United States, relating to the nav3\ To provide for 
certain expenses of the present session of Congress and for other j)ur- 
poses. To confer upon the Commissioners of the District of Columlna 
the powers, duties, and limitations contained in chapter 8 (water ser- 
vice) of the Revised Statutes of the United States, relating to the Dis- 
trict of Colunil)ia, and for other purposes. To i)rovide for the api)oint- 
ment of a Mississippi River Commission for the improvement of said 
liver from the head of the Pass'es near its mouth to its headwaters. 
Authoi-izins; the Commissioners of the Disti'ict of Columbia to issue 



124 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

twenty-year five per cent, bonds of the District of ColumlMa to redeem 
certain funded indebtedness of said district. IMaking additional appro- 
priations for the service of the Post-office Department for the fiscal year 
ending June 30, 1879, and June 30, 1880, and for other purposes. To 
put salts of quinine and sulphate of quinine on the free list. Extending 
the provisions of the act entitled, " An act for the relief of certain set- 
tlers on the public lands," approved March 3, 1877, until October 1, 
1880. 

The following joint resolutions were also passed: To repeal certain 
clauses in the Sundry Civil appropriations act, approved March 3, 1879. 
Authorizing the completion of the foundation of Washington Monument. 
Authorizing the Secretary- of the Navy to place vessels and hulks at the 
disposal of the commissioners of quarantine or other proper persons at 
the ports of the United States. Fixing the date on which the paj- of 
the committee clerks, pages and laborei's of the House of Representa- 
tives who are paid during the session only shall begin for the session. 
In relation to the international exhibitions to Vie held at Sydney and 
Melbourne, Austraha, in 1879 and 1880. Relating to a bridge across 
the Detroit River at or near Detroit, Mich. Directing a monument to 
be erected to mark the birth place of George Washington. To pa}^ em- 
ployees of the House of Representatives borne on the annual roll one 
month's extra pay. In addition to the five bills originating in the 
House, which v.-ere disapproved by the President, there was one bill 
originating in the Senate vetoed — namely, the bill to amend tl>e act of 
March 3, 1879, for the relief of Joseph B. Collins. 

During the session there were presented in the House of Representa- 
tives 2,019 petitions, which are classified b}' Petition Clerk Francis as 
follows : Relating to claims, 555 ; commerce, 253 ; currency, 5(3 ; liquor 
traffic, 3G ; naval affairs. 25 ; military affairs, 104 ; educatio-n and labor, 
30 ; patents, 78 ; tariff and taxation, 134 ; pensions, 351 ; polygamy, 35 ; 
postal affairs, G9 ; miscellaneous. 293. Total. 2,019. 

Under the rules of the House, as they now exist, a large amount of 
tlie business of the House is Ix^fore it b}" petitions, which form the basis 
for bills. 

Among the more important acts of the called session was the one re- 
pealing what was called the Jurors' Test Oath ; a law that in the South 
excluded thousands of the bek citizens from jury service in the United 
States courts. 



OUK SENATORS IN CONGRESS. \2k 

OUR SENATORS AND REPRESENTATIVES IN 

CONGRESS. 



The following brief sketches of the lives our Senators and Represen- 
tatives in Congress is taken principally from the Congressional Direc- 
tory published during the extra session of the XLVIth Congress. 

SENATORS. 

Sami^el Bell Maxey, of Paris, was born in Monroe County, Ken- 
tucky, March, 30, 1825 ; received his primary education there ; entered 
the West Point Military Academy in 18i2, and graduated in 1846 ; 
joined the Seventh Infantry, United States Army, at Monterey, Mexico, 
as Brevet Second Lieutenant ; was breveted First Lieutenant for gal- 
lant services at Contreras and Churubusco ; servt d through the Mexican 
war ; resigned in 1849 ; returned to Kentucky ; studied law and was 
admitted to the bar in 1850 ; removed to Texas in 1857, and practiced 
law; was elected State Senator for four^^ears in 18G1, but declined, and 
raised the Ninth Texas Infantry for the Confederate States Army, of 
which he was Colonel ; was promoted Brigadiei*-General in 1862 and 
Major-General in 1864 ; commanded the Indian Territory military dis- 
trict 1863- '65, and was also Superintendent of Indian Affairs; remained 
in the service until the surrender of the trans-Mississippi Department 
May 26, 1865 ; resumed the practice of law ; was commissioned as Judge 
of the Eight Distrrct of Texas April 18, 1873, but declined ; was elected 
to the United States Senate as a Democrat, to succeed James W. Flan- 
agan, Republican, and took his seat March 5, 1875. His term of ser- 
vice will expire March 3. 1881. 

Richard Coke, of Waco, was born at Williamsburg, Virginia, iNfarch 
13, 1829 : was educated at William and Mary Colleo'e : studied law, 
was admitted to the bar when twenty-one years of age, and has since 
practiced constantly, when not in the public service ; removed in 1850 
to Waco, INIcLennan County, Texas, where he has since resided ; served 
in the Confederate Army as private and afterward as Captain; was 
appointed Distrct Judge in June, 1865 ; was nominated by the Dem- 
ocratic party for Judge of the State Supreme Court in 1866 and elected, 
and after having occupied the position one year was removed bj' 
General Sheridan as " an impediment to reconstruction, " returned to 
the practice of law the latter part of 1867 ; was elected Governor of 
Texas in December, 1873, by a majority' of 50,000, and was re-ek'cted 
in February, 1876, by a majority of 102,000. resigning December 1, 
1877, after ha^^ng been elected the previous April to the United States 
Senate as a Democrat, to succeed Morgan C. Hamilton, Republican, 



126 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

and took his seat March 3, 1877. His term of service will expire 
March, 3, 1883. 

REPRESENTATIVES. 

FIRST DISTRICT. 

Counties — Anderson, Angelina, Chamhers, Cherokee, Hardin, Hen- 
derson, Houston, .Jasper, Jefferson. N '.c jgdoches. Orange, Panola, Polk, 
Rusk, Sabine, San Augustine, Shelby, Smith, Trinity, and Tyler. 

John H. Reagan, of Palestine, was born in Sevier County, Ten- 
nessee, October 8, 1818; received a common-school and limited collegi- 
ate education, but did not graduate ; is a lawyer and farmer ; settled in 
the Republic of Texas in May, 1839 ; was a Deput}' Surveyor of the 
Public Lands 1839-'43 ; was elected to the State House of Representa- 
tives for two years in 1847 ; was elected Judge of the District Court for 
six years in 1852 ; resigned, and was re-elected for six j^ears in 185G : 
was elected in 1857 a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress from 
the First District of Texas, and was re-elected in 1859 to the Thirty- 
sixth Congress ; was elected to the Secession Convention of Texas in 
1861, and was elected with others by that convention Deputy to the 
Provisional Government of the Confederacy ; was appointed Post- 
master-General of the Provisional Government of the Confederacy 
March 6, 1861, was re-appointed on the permanent organization of the 
Confederate Government in 1862, and occupied the position until the 
close of the war ; was also appointed Acting Secretaiy of the Treasury 
of the Confederate Government for a short time preceding the close of 
the war ; was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1 875 ; 
was elected to the Forty-fourth and Forty-fifty Congresses, and was re- 
elected to the Forty-sixth Congress as a Democrat, receiving 18,038 
votes against 199 votes for Newton, Opjiosition. 

SECOND .DISTRICT. 

Counties — Bowie, Cass, Delta, Fannin, Gregg, Harrison, Hopkins, 
Hunt, Lamar, Marion, Rains, Red River, Titus, Upshur, Wood, and 
Van Zandt. 

David B. Culberson, of Jefferson, was born in Troup County, 
Georgia, Sept 29, 1830 ; was educated at Brownwood, La Grange. 
Georgia; studied law under Chief Justice Chilton, of Alabama; removed 
to Texas in 1856, and was elected a member of the Legislature of that 
State in 1859 ; entered the Confederate Army as a private, and was pro- 
moted to the rank of Colonel of the Eighteenth Texas Infantry ; was 
assigned to duty in 1864 as Adjutant-General, with the rank of Colonel 
of the State of Texas ; was elected to the State Legislature in 1864 : wis, 
elected to the Forty-fourth and Forty-fifth Congresses, and was re- 



OUK REPRESENTATIVES IX CONGRESS. 127 

elected to the Forty-sixth Congress as a, Democrat, receiving 19,728 
votes against 9,G17 votes for O'Neil, National. 

THIRD DISTRICT. 

Counties — Archer, Baylor, Callahan, Clay, Collins, Cooke, Dallas, 
Denton, Eastland, Ellis, Erath, Grayson, Hardeman, Haskell, Hill. 
Jack, Johnson, Jones, Knox, Kaufman, JMontague, Palo Pinto, Parker. 
Rockwall, Shackelford, Stephens, Tarrant, Taylor, Throckmorton, 
Wichita, Wilbarger, and Young. 

Olin Wellborn, of Dallas, was elected to the Forty-sixth Congress 
as a Democrat, receiving 40,848 votes against 9,718 votes for Daggett, 
National. 

FOURTH DISTRICT. 

Counties — Bell, Bosque, Brazos, Comanche, Coiyell, Fall, Fort Bend, 
Freestone, Hamilton, Harris, Leon, Limestone, Madison, McLennan, 
Montgomery, Navarro, Kobertson, San Jacinto, Walker, and Waller. 

Roger Q. Mills, of Corsicana, was born in Todd County, Kentucky, 
March 30, 1832. His only educational advantages were derived from 
country schools. He immigrated to Texas in 1849 ; located at Pal- 
estine, and commenced reading law in the office of Hon. R. A. Reeves ; 
supported himself in the meantime by acting as Deputy Postmaster in 
Palestine, and writing in the offices of the District and Count}- Clerks. 
Through the good offices of Hon. G. W G. Jowers he was elected 
Engrossing Clerk of the House of Representatives at Auston, in 1850. 
When but twenty years of age, his disabilities as a minor were removed 
by the Legislature, and he Avas admitted to the bar. Colonel Mills 
cherishes a grateful remembrance of the interest taken in his welfare 
and the aid afforded him by his warm personal friends, Messrs. Reeves 
and Jowers. After receiving his license to practice law, he settled at 
Corsicana. In 1859 he represented Navarro County in the Legislature, 
and in 1860 was one of the District Presidential Electors on the Breckin- 
ridge and Lane ticket. In 1861 entered the Confederate army and was 
elected Lieutenant Colonel of the Tenth Texas Infantry. Of that regi- 
ment he became Colonel when Colonel Nelson was promoted Briaadier 
General. He remained in command of the regiment through the war, 
having been three times wounded. When the war closed, he resumed 
the practice of his profession at his old home in Corsicana. The census 
of 1870 having shown that Texas was entitled to two additional Rein-e- 
sentatives in Congress, they were elected from the State at large : they 
were Col. Mills and Asa H. Willie, of Galveston. When the State was 
ledistricted, Corsicana was in the fourth district, and Col. Mills was 
elected as the Representative ; and was re-elected in 1876, and aoain in 
187S. In the last election he received 3().5.".5 votes, niid Smith, his 



128 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

opponent, 9,069. Colonel Mills' Congressional career has been verj 
satisfactory to his constituents. He is an independent thinker and 
votes his convictions. He was the only delegate from Texas who voted 
against creating the electoral commission, known as the "8 to 7 " body 
which declared Mr. Ha3'es elected President. 

FIFTH DISTRICT. 

Counties — Austin, Bastrop, Brazoria, Burleson, Burnet, Coleman, 
Colorado, Concho, Fayette, Galveston, Lampasas, Lavaca, Matagorda, 
McCulloch, Milam, Runnels, San Saba, Travis, Washington, Wharton, 
and Williamson. 

George W. Jones, of Bastrop, was born in Marion County, Alabama, 
September 5, 1828; was raised in Tipton County, Tennessee; removed 
to Bastrop, Texas, in the winter of IS-IS ; his education was limited ; is 
by profession a law^'er ; in 1856 he was elected District Attorney ; when 
the war came on in 1861 he strongly opposed secession, but acquiesced 
in revolution ; entered the Confederate Army as a private ; was elected 
Lieutenant-Colonel and afterward promoted to the Colonelcy of the 
Seventeenth Texas Infantry ; the war over, he returned to his home in 
Bastrop County ; he was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 
1866, from the county of Bastrop, and, on the adoption of the constitu- 
tion made by said convention, was elected Lieutenant-Governor of the 
State ; he, with others, was removed by General Sheridan as "an impedi- 
ment to reconstruction ; " and was elected to the Forty-sixth Congress 
as a Democrat, receiving 21,101 votes against 19,621 votes for John 
Hancock, Democrat. 

SIXTH DISTRICT. 

Counties — Aransas, Atascosa, Bandera, Bee, Bexar, Blanco, Cald- 
well, Calhoun. Cameron, Comal, Dimmit, De Witt, Duval, Edwards, El 
Paso, Encinal, Frio, Gillespie, Goliad, Gonzales, Guadalupe, Hays, 
Hidalgo, Jackson, Karnes, Kendall, Kerr, Kimball, Kinney, Llano, 
La Salle, Live Oak. Mason, Maverick, McMullen, Medina, Menard, 
Nueces, Pecos, Presidio, Eefugio, San Patricio, Starr, Uvalde, Victoria, 
Webb, AVilson, Zai)ata, and Zavalla. 

CoLUJiBus Upson, who was elected to Congress from the sixth district 
to fill the A'acancy occasioned by the decease of Hon. Gustave Schleicher, 
is a native of Onondaga, New York; born October 17, 1829; was 
educated at Williamson College, Boston, and studied law in his native 
State. He immigrated to Texas in 1854 and commenced the practice of 
his profession at CastroAille.- In 1859 he removed to San Antonio, his 
present residence. During the war he acted for a considerable time as 
volunteer Aid to General W. H. G. Whiting, and participated in a 
number of hard fought battles, including those at West Point, Seven 



OUR REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS. 129 

Pines, Malvern Hill, etc. In 1863 he was appointed Special Treasurj' 
Agent, and at one time brought twenty millions of Confederate bonds 
from Richmond to Texas. After the war closed he returned to San 
Antonio and resumed his practice. In 1876 he was one of the presiden- 
tial electors on the Tilden ticket. 

Hon. Gustave Schleicher, late representative in congress from the 
sixth congressional district of Texas was born in Dannstadt, Germany, 
November 1, 1823. After graduating at the university of Geissen he 
adopted the profession of civil engineer. During the year 1845, a year 
in which there was a large German emigration to Texas, young Schleicher 
landed at Indianola. His first service in his adopted country was in 
surveying lands for the German colonists on the frontier. He was next 
employed with a corps of surve3^ors, under the direction of Joseph E. 
Johnston, in surveying the route for a railroad from Lavaca to San 
Antonio. Soon after completing this survey he was elected as one of the 
representatives of Bexar county in the lower branch of the State legisla- 
ture. After serving two years in the house he was transferred to the State 
Senate, in which he served for several years. Mr. Schleicher affiliated 
with the Democratic party and entered cordially into the secession move- 
ment in 1861. At the close of the war he was employed in the work of 
rebuilding the San Antonio and Mexican Gulf railroad which had been 
completely destroyed by order of General Magruder. The initial point 
of the road was changed from Lavaoa to Indianola, and it was extended 
from Victoria to Cuero, which became Mr. Schleicher's home. He was 
never an office seeker, but when, in the Democratic district convention 
at Giroliad to nominate a candidate for congress, in 1874, over a hundred 
ballottings had failed to give any one the requisite two-thirds, his name 
was announced and he was selected for the position. He was elected, 
and re-elected with only a nominal opposition in 1876. His speeches 
and votes on the financial question which came before the XLVth con- 
gress were distasteful to some of his constituents, and at the district 
Democratic convention heM in San Antonio, in 1878 he failed to receive 
the two-thirds vote. Tlie convention adjourned without making a nom- 
ination. He and his distinguished competitor, Hon. John Ireland ap- 
pealed to the people. After an exciting canvass Mr. S. was re-elected. 
Returning to Washington he took his seat in congress in usual health. 
During the first week in January he was suddenly and violently attacked 
with inflamation of the brain, and he died on the 10th. His remains 
were brought to San Antonio for interment, escorted by a committee of 
Congressmen. In Texas his death was most seriously lamented. It was 
believed his congressional experience, and his pei-sonal influence and 
labors would secure tlie opening of our harbors, and tlie adoption of a 



130 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND BOOK. 

more vigorous polic}^ for the protection of our frontier from Mexican 
and Indian raids. Not only in Texas was liis deatli lamented, but 
throughout the nation. It was felt that "A Prince and a Great Man had 
fallen." 

The young man may study the character and the career of Mr. 
Schleicher with profit. Landing in a strange country, comparatively" 
penniless and friendless, his integrity and energy secured him positions 
of honor and profit. Elevated to offices of great responsibility he dis- 
charged his duties with singular ability and fidelity, and died leaving an 
untarnished reputation of which both his native and adopted country 
may feel justly proud. 



BIOGRAPHICAL. 



GENERAL JOHN B. HOOD. 

John B. Hood was a native of Kentucky, born in 1831 ; graduated at 
West Point in 1853, and was assigned to duty first in the Fourth Infan- 
try, then in California. At the organization of the Second U. S. Cav 
airy, two years later, he was transferred to that regiment and assigned 
to duty on the Texas frontier. He was severely wounded in a battle 
with the Indians on Devil's River, in 1856. After this he was for a 
short period employed at West Point, but at his own request was soon 
returned to the service in Texas. At the breaking out of the civil war 
he resigned his commission in the army and offered his services to the 
Confederacy. After a short service under General Magruder, he was 
promoted to the Colonelcy of the fourth regiment, Texas Infantry. In 
a memorial address Judge Reagan gives this account of his appointment 
to that command : 

"The circumstances under which Gen. Hood was promoted to the com- 
mand of this regiment were peculiar, and were so creditable to the com- 
pany, officers and men of the regiment and marked so distinctly the 
opinion of President Davis of Gen. Hood's ability as a soldier at that 
early day, that I will state the facts. 

"Earl}' in the summer of 1861 twenty companies, which subsequently 
formed the fourth and fifth Texas infantry regiments, with some compa- 
nies which formed the first Texas infantry regiment, went on to Rich- 
mond and organized into companies without being formed into regiments. 
These companies, which were formed into the fourth and fifth regiments 
through their comi)any officers, sent through me to the President the 
statement that they understood tlieir chances for honorable distinction 



BIOGRAPHICAL. 131 

ju the militaiy service would depend miicli on the character and efR- 
rienc}' of their regimental officers, and they requested him to appoint 
for them the best he could iind, without reference to where they lived. 
The request was so unusual, and made upon motives so honorable, that 
the President called to his assistance Adjutant General Cooper, who, 
from ha\'ing been the Adjutant General of the United States Arm}', had 
^reat knowledge of the relative merits of the otficers of the old army, 
tuid they together, after the fullest consideration, determined to appoint 
Maj. Hood to the command of the fourth regiment, and Capt. Archer. 
1 believe his rank was, to the command of the fifth regiment, with other 
officers, selected after like consideration, to be lieutentant colonels and 
majors of the two regiments. These companies were composed of the 
\ ery flower of the arms- bearing population of Texas, the greater portion 
of them lieing men of wealth, education and ability, who sought rather 
to render the best services they could than to seek promotion and rank 
for themselves. 1 knew of no other volunteers who did not insist on 
having their regimental officers appointed from among their own num- 
bers. We might well have anticipated the fame and glories subsequently 
won by such soldiers, animated by such soldiers, arnd by officers so se- 
lected. And to these facts we may no doubt look as the solid basis 
upon which rested the grand achievement and world-wide fame of 
Hood's brigade. And 1 am the more inclined to make this statement, 
because of my personal knowledge of the facts, and because I do not 
know that they have been publicly stated before." 

At the formation of the Texas brigade in Virginia, Col. Louis T. Wig- 
fall was appointed Brigadier General, When General Wigfall was 
■elected to the Senate, Colonel Hood succeeded to the command, and 
€ver after the brigade l)ore his name. He so distinguished himself for 
coolness and bravery that in the second battle of Manasses he com- 
manded a division. In the battle of Gettj'sburg he lost an arm, after 
which his command was transferred from Virginia to Tennessee. 

In the battle of Chicamauga General Hood was so severely .wounded 
in the leg that amputation, near the body became necessary. The cir- 
cumstances of his appointment to the command of the army of Ten- 
nessee are thus detailed by Judge Reagan : 

"When General Johnston was falling back on Atlanta, the attention of 
the president and secretary of war was anxiously directed to the con- 
sideration of the safety of that place. It was regarded by them as the 
militar}^ ke}^ to the state of Georgia, and it was feared that if it fell into 
the hands of the enemy he would be able to bisect our territory by that 
line, as he had done by the line of the INIississippi after the fall of Vicks- 
burg. Correspondence took place between the secretary of war, under 
the direction of the president, and Gen. Johnston as to whether he could 



132 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND BOOK. 

and would protect Atlanta. His answer to the secretary of war were 
not considered satisfactory as to his intentions in this respect. Infor- 
mation was received at the the war department that he was moving his 
stores, supplies, etc., back from Atlanta as if he contemplated the evac- 
uation of that place. In the meantime president Davis had been urged 
very earnestly to relieve Gen. Johnston of that command and place some 
general at the head of that army who would give battle rather than aban- 
don Atlanta. This the president had refused to do for some time on 
account of the inconvenience and danger of changing commanders in 
the midst of a campaign. But he finally determined, in view of what I 
have just mentioned, to relieve Gen. Johnston, and to place Gen. Hardee 
in the command of that army. Orders to that effect were forwarded, 
but Gen. Hardee declined the command. When the president was ad- 
vised of this he caused telegrams to be sent to Gen. Lee, in northern 
Virginia, to Gen. Beauregard, in South Carolina, and to Gen. Bragg, 
then in Georgia, advising them of these facts, and asking the opinion of 
each of them as to what officer ought to be assigned to the command of 
that army. My remembrance is that their answer came to the president 
nearly simultaneously — by this I mean at most within a few hours of 
each other — each suggesting Gen. Hood for that command, and he was 
at once directed to relieve Gen. Johnston." 

It is not necessary to detail the circumstances of the battle at Atlanta ; 
of Franklin and of Nashville. The confederate States were exhausted 
of men and means, and the inevitable catastrophe was rapidly approach- 
incr. It was General Hood's misfortune to be in command of the prin- 
cipal army of the west at this inauspicious period. The following are 
the concluding paragraphs of Judge Reagan's memorial address : 

"Though a man of military education and life, after the close of th^ 
war his civic and social virtues were as admirable as his military career 
had been in war. He accepted the necessary result of the war, maimed 
and in poverty and without a profession as he was, with a cheerful, 
manly fortitude, and at once applied himself diligently and earnestly to 
commercial and other pursuits to earn an independent livelihood by hon- 
orable means. 

He never despaired in the dai'kest hours or under the severest afflic- 
tions of being able to achieve success in civil pursuits, and to secure for 
himself an honorable competence. Of strong, manly frame and heroic 
mould, he was as courteous as any knight, and as soft and gentle in his 
manners and as pure as a woman ; beloved and respected by all who 
knew him, he lived and died without the stain of one breath of calumny. 
He was a faithful, brave, honest man, and a true christian gentleman. 

"The portraiture of the life and character of Gen. Hood would be im- 
perfect without a reference to his domestic life. In the year 1868 he 



BIOGRAPHICAL. 133 

was married to the beautiful and accomplished Miss Anna Maria, 
daughter of Alfred Hennen, Esq., a distinguished lawyer of New Orleans, 
and their marriage was blessed in eleven years with eleven lovely 
children. What a happ}^ household a few weeks ago! A kind and affec- 
tionate husband and father ; a loving and devoted wife and mother, sur- 
rounded by their numerous children, in the fullness of the enjoyment of 
domestic felicity. Alas, how changed ! On the 25th of August the 
mother died of yellow fever. On the 30th of the same month the spirit 
of the husband followed that of the wife, let us hope and believe to the 
brighter and better world, to be joined a day or two after by that of 
their eldest daughter Lydia. How changed, how desolate that house- 
hold, recently united and happy ! Father, mother, and eldest sister, now 
resting in the silent city of the dead, and ten orphan children left to 
mourn their irreparable loss ! No words can describe this calamity to 
them, or adequately express our sorrow for these stricken orphans. 

It is said that shortl}' before the death of Gen. Hood, in a messao-e to 
Gen. Gibson, of New Orleans, he bequeathed his children to the care of 
his old Texas brigade. With all the tenderness of an anxious dyino- 
father's love, knowing that he would not leave means sufficient for the 
support and education of his children, his keen soUcitude went out for 
them, and rested on his old comrades in arms ; the men who had served 
and suffered with him through a bloody war ; and who had so often 
offered their lives with him for the cause so dear to them all. Men 
wiiose fidelity and honor and coui'age he had so often seen tried in the 
severest ordeals ; men with whom he would have trusted his own life and 
honor, were the fittest men to whom he could trust the care of liis child- 
ren, dearest and nearest to him of all things on earth. The most of 
these war-scarred veterans now living are poor, but with the knightly 
honor which belongs to such men, the sacred trust will be discharo-ed 
with that fidelity which he anticipated from his old comrades when he 
confided it to them. 

To have known Gen. Hood in lifetime was to love and respect him. 
To remember him in death is to esteem his character and to venerate his 
virtues. 

How slefj) tlie brave, wlio sink to rest, 
By all tlicir coiiiitiT's wishes lilcst ! 
When sprinji'. witiidewy liiiirtM-s i-old, 
Retui-ns to deck tlieir li'allow'd mould. 
She there shall dress a sweeter sod 
'J'lian Fancy's feet have ever trod. 
By fairy hands their knell is riinof. 
By forms unseen theii' dir;jfe is siino" ; 
There Honor eomes, a pilji:rhii <rray. 
To bless the turf that wraps their clay ; 
And Freedom shall awhile repair, 
To dwell, a weepinj;- hermit, tliere. 



134 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

JOHN W. BUNTON. 

John W. Bunton was born in Sumner Connty, Tennessee, in 1807^ 
and immigrated to Texas in 1833 and settled in Bastrop County. His 
first service to his adopted country was in a campaign against the In- 
dians conducted by Colonel John H. Moore in the summer of 1835, 
Conducting himself with distinguished gallantry, he was the next year 
elected to the convention which declared the independence of Texas. 
His death leaves, we believe, but four survivers of that famous conven- 
tion. They are : Edwin Waller, of Waller County ; C. B. Stewart, of 
Montgomery County ; S. W. Blount, of San Augustine, and Wm. B. 
Scates, of Colorado. 

When the convention adjourned Mr. Bunton hastened to the army 
and enlisted as a private in the company of Capt. Jesse Billingsly, and 
was in the ranks at San Jacinto, on the glorious 21st of April, 1836. 
Capt. B., Geo. P. Erath, L. C. Cunningham, and perhaps other members 
of the company still live. After the battle Mr. B. paid a visit to the 
United States and was returning to Texas on the schooner Independ- 
ence, when she was captured by two Mexican brigs, April 17, 1837. 
Among those captured at the same time were Hon. Wm. H. Wharton,, 
returning from his mission to the United States, and William Stewart^ 
a sailor who died in Corpus Christi, in 1879. Mr. Bunton was ex- 
changed or liberated and returning to his old home represented Bastrop 
County in the second Congress of the Republic. Since annexation he 
has resided on his farm in Hays County, where he died August, 1879. 

WILLIAM STEAVART. 

William Stewart, a native of New Jersey, born in 1784, came as a 
volunteer to Texas, reaching San Antonio just after that city had been 
taken by the Texans in December, 1835. In company with others he 
went to Goliad, and as he was a sailor by occupation he was employed 
as a pilot at Aransas Pass. While taking a vessel to the mouth of the 
Brazos, at Velasco, the Fannin massacre took place, and he made his 
way to New Orleans, where he joined the company of Capt. Joe. Sov- 
ereign. He subsequently entered the naval service and was with Capt. 
Wheelwright, J. W. Taylor (Boots), and J. K. T. Lathrop on the In- 
dependence Avhen she was captured by the Mexicans near Velasco. 
Having been exchanged through the influence of R. N. Potter, U. S. 
Consul at Mataraoras, he returned to Texas and enlisted in the ranging 
company of Capt. Tom. Howard, of San Antonio. After having been 
honorably discharged, he was employed in the quartermaster's depart- 
ment by Col. Wm. G. Cooke. Making his way again to the coast, he 
was employed by Col. H. L. Kinney to take charge of a stock of cattle 



EXECUTIVE DEPAETMENT OF STATE GOVERNMENT. 135 

on Mustang Island. While thus engaged, on the 6th of March, 1855, 
he was stricken with paralysis. He found a home with Mrs. Ann Allen, 
in Corpus Christi, where he died, August 5, 1879, aged 95 years. 



EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT OF STATE GOVERNMENT. 



Or AN M. Roberts, Governor; Robert P. Roberts, Private Secretary ; 
Hugh L. Spain, Executive Clerk. 

STATE DEPARTMENT. 

John D. Templeton, Secretary of State; Thos. H. Bowman, Chief 
Clerk; R. G. Ellis and John I. Calloway, Assistant Clerks. 

ATTORNEY GENERAL'S OFFICE. 

George McCormick, Attorney General; Thomas Ball, Assistant Attor- 
ney General; Wm. B. Dunham, Chief Clerk; Jas. C. Gaither, Assistant 

Clerk. 

ADJUTANT general's OFFICE. 

John B. Jones, Adjutant General; Thos. P. Martin, Chief Clerk; 
Henry Orsay, Assistant Clerk. 

comptroller's DEPARTMENT. 

S. H. Darden, Comptroller; W. A. Pitts, Chief Clerk; R. S. Harrison, 
Book-Keeper ; S. G. Sneed, Chief Tax Clerk; John D. McCall, Auditing 

Clerk. 

TREASURY DEPARTMENT. 

F. R. Lubbock, Treasurer; N. Weeks, Chief Clerk; Wm. B. Wor- 
tham, Book-Keeper ; Thos. P. Watson, Assistant Clerk; Jack Warner, 

Night Watch. 

GENERAL LAND OFFICE. 

William C. Walsh, Commissioner ; Rhoads Fisher, Chief Clerk; X. B. 
DeBray, Translator; J. D. Roberdeau, Receiver ; C. W. Pressler, Chief 
Dr iftsman; Alfred Grooms, Examining Clerk-, J. H. Hutchins, Cal- 
culator. 

DEPARTMENT OF INSURANCE, STAJISTICS AND HISTORY. 

V. O. King, Commissioner ; Stephen G. Burton, Clerk. 

Supreme Court.— George F. Moore, of Austin, Chief Justice. Asso- 
ciate Justices: R. S. Gould, of Galveston ; M. H. Bonner, of Tyler. 
Law Reporters : Terrell & Walker, of Austin. Clerks : Wm. P. Denor- 



136 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

mandie, of Austin ; Chas. S. Moore, of Galveston and S. D. Reeves, 
of Tyler. 

Court of Appeals. — M. D. Ector, of Marshall, presiding Justice. 
Associate Justices : John P. White, of Seguin ; C. M. Winkler, of Corsi- 
cana. Law Reporters : Jackson & Jackson, of Austin. Clerks : ( W. F. 
Farris, of Austin, died in August, 1879.) Chas. S. Morse of Galves- 
ton, and Thomas Smith, of Tyler. 

Law Terms. — The terms of the Supreme and Appelate Courts are 
held simultaneously at Austin, beginning on the First Monday in April 
and hold until the last Saturday in June ; at Tyler beginning on the 
first Monday in October and hold until the last Saturday in December ; 
at Galveston on the first Monday' in January and hold until the last 
Saturday in March. 



JUDICIAL DISTRICTS ; TIMES OF HOLDING 
COURTS, ETC., ETC. 



The Sixteenth Legislature created five additional Districts — making; 
thirty-two in all. Under the constitution "The Legislature may provide 
for the election of District Attorneys in such Districts as may be 
deemed necessary," and in accordance with that provision sixteen Dis- 
trict Attornej's have been elected. The data for the following was 
kindly furnished by Hon. John D. Templeton, Secretary of State, and 
may therefore be relied upon as official. We give the Counties in each 
District ; the Judge and District Attorney, where one has been appointed, 
and the times of holding Courts, and the length of time Courts may 
continue. 



First Dist. — H. C. Pedigo, Judge; W. H. Ford, Attorney. 

Courts are held in 
Jasper — First Monday in March and September ; may hold 3 weeks. 
Newton — Third Monday after first Monday in March and September ; 

3 weeks. 

Orange — Sixth Monday after first Monday in March and September ; 

4 weeks. 

Jefferson — Tenth Monday after first Monday in March and September ; 
4 weeks. 

Tyler — Fourteenth Monday after first JMonday in March and Sept. 




Ex-Gov. R. r.. HL'l'.BAlin. 



TIME OF HOLDING COURTS. 137 

Second Dist. — A. J. Booty, Judge ; W. W. Spivey, Attorney. 
Courts are held in 

Rusk — First Mondays in January and July; may continue 6 weeks. 

Panola — Sixth Monday after first Mondays in January and July ; 
4 weeks. 

Shelby — Tenth Monday after first Mondays in January and July ; 
3 weeks. 

Harrison — Sixteenth Monday after first Mondays in Jan. and July. 



Third Dist. — R. S. Walker, Judge ; Jas. I. Perkins, Attorney. 
Courts are held in 

Sabine — First Mondays in February and September ; continue 2 weeks. 

San Augustine — Second Monday after first Monday in February and 
September ; 2 weeks. 

Nacogdoches — Fourth Monday after first Monday in February and 
September ; 3 weeks. 

Cherokee — Seventh Monday after first Monday in February and Sep- 
tember ; 4 weeks. 

Anderson — Eleventh Monday after first Monday in February and Sept. 



Fourth Dist. — Wm. D. Wood, Judge ; A. T. M'Kinney, Attorney. 

Courts are held in 
Houston — First Monday in March and September ; 7 weeks. 
Trinity — Seventh Monday after first Monday in March and September ; 

2 weeks. 

Walker — Ninth Monday after first Monday in March and September ; 

3 weeks. 

Grimes — Twelfth Monday after first Monday in March and September ; 

4 weeks. 

Madison — Sixteenth Monday after first Monday in March and Sep- 
tember ; 2 weeks. 

Leon — Eighteenth Monday after first Monday in March and September. 



Fifth Dist.— E. T. Bates, Judge ; Chas. S. Todd, Attorney. 

Courts are held in 
Cass — First Mondays in February and September ; hold 3 weeks. 
Bowie — Third Monday after first Monday in February and September ; 
2 weeks. 

Morris — Fifth Monday after first Monday in February and Sept. 



138 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

Titus — Sixth Monday after first Monday in February and September ; 
2 weeks. 

Franklin — Eighth Monday after first Monday in February and Sep- 
tember ; 2 weeks. 

Camp — Tenth Monday after first Monday in February and September ; 
2 weeks. 

Marion — Twelfth Monday after first Monday in February and Sep- 
tember ; 6 weeks. 



Sixth Dist. — E. R. Gaines, Judge. Courts are held in 

Fannin — Third Mondays in February and August ; holds 6 weeks. 

Lamar — Sixth Monday after third Monday in February and August ; 
7 weeks. 

Red River — Thirteenth Monday after third Monday in February and 
August; 5 weeks. 



Seventh Dist. — J. C. Robertson, Judge ; F, G. MeCord, Attorney. 

Spring Term : Courts held in 
Smith — Last Mondaj- in February ; 6 weeks. 

Henderson — Sixth Monday after last Monday in February ; 2 weeks. 
Van Zandt — Eighth Monday after last Monday in February ; 2 weeks. 
Wood — Twelfth Monday after last Monday in February ; 3 weeks. 
Upshur — Sixteenth Monday after last Mondaj' in February ; 3 weeks. 
Gregg — Eighteenth Monday after last Monday in February' ; 3 weeks. 

Fall Term : 
Smith — Second Monday in September ; 6 weeks. 
Henderson — Sixth Monday after second Monday in Sept. ; 2 weeks. 
Van Zandt — Sixth Monday after second Monday in Sept. ; 2 weeks. 
Wood — Twelfth Monday after second Monday in Sept. ; 3 weeks. 
Upshur — Second Monday in July ; 24^eks. 
Gregg — Second Monday after second Monday in July ; 3 weeks. 



Eighth Dist. — G. J. Clark, Judge ; S. J. Hunter, Attorney. 
Courts are held in 

Hunt — First Mondays in January and Jul)' ; hold 5 weeks. 

Delta — Fifth Mondays after first INIondays in Januarj^ and July ; 2 
weeks. 

Hopkins — Seventh Mondays after first Mondays in January and July ; 
5 weeks. 



TIME OF HOLDING COURTS. 139 

Rains — Twelfth Mondays after first Mondays in January and July ; 2 
weeks. ■ 

Kaufman — Fourteenth Mondays after first Monday's in January and 
July ; 4 weeks. 

Rockwall — Eighteenth Mondays after first Mondays in January and 
July ; 4 weeks. 



Ninth Dist. — Spencer Ford, Judge ; John N. Henderson, Attorney. 

Courts are held in 
Robertson — First Mondays in January and June ; 8 weeks. 
Brazos — First Mondays in March and September ; 6 weeks. 
Milam — Third Mondays in April and October ; 6 weeks. 



Tenth Dist. — J. A, Carroll, Judge; Courts are held in 

Cooke — First Mondays in February and August ; 6 weeks. 

Denton — Sixth Monday after first Mondays in February and August ; 
6 weeks. 

Hill — Twelfth Monday after first Mondays in February and August ; 
4 weeks. 

Archer — Sixteenth Monday after first Mondays in February and Aug. 

Wichita — Seventeenth Monday after first Mondays in February and 
August. 

Clay — Eighteenth Monday after first Mondays in February and Aug. ; 
2 weeks. 

Montague — Twentieth Monday after first Mondays in February and 
August. 

Wheeler — Twenty-fourth Monday after first Mondays in February and 
August. 



Eleventh Dist. — G. N. Aldredge, Judge ; Courts held in 
Ellis — First Mondays in February and September ; 5 weeks. 
Dallas — Second Mondays in March, May, October and December ; 4 
weeks. 



Twelfth Dist. — J. R. Fleming, Judge ; John M. Moore, Attorney. 

Courts held in 
Brown — First Mondays in April, August and September ; holds 2 
weeks. 



140 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

Coleman — Second Monday after first Mondays in April, August and 
September; 2 weeks. 

Callahan — Fourth Monday after first Mondays in April, August and 
September. 

Shackelford — Fifth Monday after first Mondays in April, August and 
September. 

Throckmorton — Sixth Monday after first Mondays in April, August 
and September. 

Young — Seventh Monday after first Mondays in Api-il, August and 
September. 

Stephens — Eighth Monday after first Mondays in April, August and 
September. 

Eastland — Ninth Monday after first Mondays in April, August and 
September. 

Comanche — Tenth Monday after first Mondays in April, August and 
September. 



Thirteenth Dist. — D. M. Pendergrast, Judge ; Courts held in 

Freestone — First Mondays in April and December ; continues 4 weeks. 

Navarro — Fifth Monday after first Mondays in April and December ; 
6 weeks. 

Limestone — Eleventh Monday after first Monday in April, August 
^nd December. 



Fourteenth Dist. — L. C. Alexander, Judge ; Courts held in 
Falls — Third Mondays in February and August ; 6 weeks. 
Bell — First Mondays in April and October ; 4 weeks. 
McLennan — First Mondays in May and Novemljer ; 10 weeks. 



Fifteenth Dist. — L. W. Moore, Judge ; Courts held in 

Austin — Seventeenth Monday after first Monday in ■\Iarch and Sep- 
tember ; 4 weeks. 

Bastrop — Sixth Monday after first Monday in Mai^ch and So[)tember ; 
4 weeks. 

Blanco — First Monday in March and September; 3 weeks. 

Caldwell — Third Monday after first Monday in March and September ; 
3 weeks. 

Fayette — Tenth Monday after first Monday in March and September ; 
6 weeks. 

Hays — Second Monday in March and September; 2 weeks. 



TIME OF HOLDING COURTS. 141 

Sixteenth Dist. — E. B. Turner, Judge. Has but one county, Travis, 
in \\hich Courts are held on tlie first Mondays in January, May and 
October. 



Seventeenth Dist. — W. A. Biackburn, Judge; Walter Acker, Attor- 
ney. Courts held in 

San Saba — Fii'st Mondays in March and September ; 2 weeks. 

McCuUoch — Third Mondays in March and September. 

Menard — Fourth Mondays in March and September. 

Ivimble — First Mondays after fourth Mondays in March and Sept. 

Mason — Second Mondays after fourth Mondays in March and Sept. 

•Gillespie — Third Mondays after fourth Mondays in March and Sept. 

Llano — Fourth Mondays after fourth Mondays in March and Sept. 

Burnet — Fifth Monda}^ after fourth Monday in March and September ; 
2 weeks. 

Lampasas — Seventh Monday after fourth Monday in March and Sep- 
tember ; 2 weeks. 

Williamson — First Mondays in July and January ; 2 weeks. 



Eighteenth Dist. — W. H. Burkhart, Judge ; P. E. Pearson, Attor- 
ne}'. Courts held in 

Waller — First Mondaj^s in April and October ; 3 weeks. 

Fort Bend — Third Monday after first Mondays in April and October ; 
3 weeks. 

Brazoria — Sixth Monday after first IMondays in April and October ; 
S weeks. 

Matagorda — Sixth Monday after first Mondays in April and October ; 
2 weeks. 

Jackson — Fourteenth Monday after first Mondays in April and Oct. 



Nineteenth Dist. — Everett Lewis, Judge. Courts held in 

Colorado — Fourth IMouday after first Monday in February and Au- 
gust ; 4 weeks. 

Gonzales— Eighth Monday after first Monday in February and Au- 
gust ; 5 weeks. 

Guadalupe — ^Thirteenth Monday after first Monday in February and 
August ; 4 weeks. 

Lavaca — First Monday in Fel)ruarv and August ; 4 weeks. 

Wilson — Seventeenth Monday after first Monday in February and 
August ; 2 weeks. 



142 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

Twentieth Dist. — Allen Blacker, Judge ; T. A. Falsey, Attorney. 
Courts held in 

El Paso — First Monday in March and September ; 3 weeks. 

Presidio — Fourth Monday after first Monday in March and Septem- 
ber ; 2 weeks. 

Pecos — Seventh Monday after first Monday in March and September ; 
2 weeks. 

Tom C4reen— Tenth Monday after first Monday in March and Septem- 
ber; 3 weeks. 



Twentt-first Dist. — James R. Masterson, Judge. Courts held in 
Montgomery — First Monday in February and September; 4 weeks. 
Harris-^Last Monday in March and October ; 9 weeks. 



Twektt-second Dist. — G. H. Noonan, Judge. Courts held in 
Atascosa — First Monday in May and November ; continue 2 weeks. 
Bexar — First Mondays in March, June, September and December. 
Comal — Third Mondays in May and November ; 2 weeks. 



Twenty-third Dist. — H. G. Pleasants, Judge ; S. F. Gains, Attor- 
ney. In 

DeWitt — First Tuesday in March and September ; 3 weeks. 

Karnes — Third Tuesday after first Tuesdays in March and September. 

Bee — Fifth Tuesday after first Tuesdays in March and September. 

Refugio— Sixth Tuesday after first Tuesdays in March and Sept. 

Aransas — Seventh Tuesday after first Tuesdays in March and Sept. 

San Patricio — Eighth Tuesday after first Tuesdays in March and Sept. 

Live Oak — Ninth Tuesday after first Tuesdays in March and Septem- 
ber; 2 weeks. 

Goliad— Eleventh Tuesday after first Tuesdays in March and Septem- 
ber; 2 weeks. 

Calhoun— Thirteenth Tuesday after first Tuesdays in March and Sept. 

Victoria— Fourteenth Tuesday after first Tuesda3^s in March and Sept. 



Twenty-fourth Dist. — T. M. Paschal, Judge ; W. R. Wallace, Attor 
ney. Courts held in 
Kendall— First Mondavs in March and September. 



TIME OF HOLDING COURTS. 143 

Kerr — First Monday after first Mondays in March and September. 

Bandera — Second Monday after first Mondays in March and September. 

Medina — Third Monday after first Mondays in March and September ; 
2 weeks. 

Frio — Fifth Monday after first Mondays in March and September. 

Uvalde — Sisth Monday after first Mondays in March and September ; 
2 weeks. 

Kinney — Eighth Monday after first Mondays in March and September ; 
2 weeks. 

Maverick — Tenth Monday after first Mondays in March and Sept. 



»♦ • * • 



Twenty-fifth Dist. — John C. Russell, Judge ; W. E. Cummings, 
Attoiney. Courts held in 

Cameron — Third Mondays in February and August ; 4 weeks. 

Hidalgo — Fourth Monday after third Mondays in February and Aug. 

Starr — Fifth Monday after third Mondays in February and August ; 
2 weeks. 

Zapata — Seventh Monday after third Mondays in February and Aug. 

Webb — Eighth Monday after third Mondays in February and August ; 
2 weeks. 

Nueces — Eleventh Monday after third Mondays in February and 
August ; 4 weeks. 

Duval — Fifteenth Monday after third Mondays in February and Aug. 

M'Mullen — Sixteenth Monday after third Mondays in Feb. and Aug. 



Twenty-sixth Dist. — W. H. Stewart, Judge. 

Courts held in 
Galveston — First Mondays in February, April, June, October and 
December. 



Twenty-seventh Dist. — Joseph Bledsoe, Judge. 

Courts held in 
Collin — First Mondays in January and June ; 8 weeks. 
Grayson — Second Mondays in March and SeptembLr. 



Twenty-eighth Dist. — Joseph Abbott, Judge. 

Courts held in 
Hill — First Mondays in April, August and December : 4 weeks. 



144 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

Bosque — Fifth INIonday after first Mondays in April, August and 
December ; 3 weeks. 

Johnson — Eighth Monday after first Mondays in April, August and 
December. 



TwENxy-NiNTH DiST. — A. C. Hood. Judge. 
•Courts held in 

ja;ck — First Mondays in April, August and December ; 2 weeks. 

Pj^vker — Third Monday after first Mondays in April, August and 
December ; 4 weeks. 

Tarrant — Seventh Monday after first Mondays in April, August and 
December. 



Thirtieth Dist. — T. L. Nugent, Judge ; S. K. Perryman, Attorney. 
Courts held in 

Palo Pinto — First Mondays in March, July and November ; 2 weeks. 

Hood — Second Monday after first Mondays in March, July and Novem- 
ber ; 2 weeks. 

Somer\'ille — Fourth Monday after first Mondays in March, July and 
November. 

Erath — Fifth Monday after first :Mondays in March, July and Noveiu- 
ber -, 3 weeks. 

Hamilton — Eighth Monday after first Monday in March, July and 
November ; 3 weeks, 

Coryell — Eleventh Monday after first Mondays in March, July and 
November. 



Thirty-first Dist. — Edwin Hobby, Judge. 
Courts held in 

Chambers — First Mondays in March and September ; 2 weeks. 

Hardin — Second Monday after first Mondays in March and Septem- 
ber ; 2 weeks. • 

San Jacinto — Eighth Monday after first Mondays in March and Sep- 
tember ; 4 weeks. 

Angelina— Twelfth Monday after first Mondays in March and Sep- 
tember ; 3 weeks. 

Polk—Fifteenth Monday after first Mondays in March and Septem- 
licr ; 4 weeks. 



SIXTEENTH LEGISLATURE. 

Thirty-secoxd Dist. — N. A.Broadus, Judge. 

Court3 held in 
"Washington — First Mondays in March and September ; 8 weeks. 
Lee— First Mondays in May and November; 4 weeks. 
Burleson — First Mondays in June and December ; 4 weeks. 



145- 



CRIMINAL COURT. 



A special Criminal Court is held for the Counties of Harris and Gal- 
veston. Gustave Cook, Judge ; F. M. Spencer, Attorney- Henry 
Brashear, Clerk at Houston, and M. H. Rayston at Galveston. Court 
meets in Galveston first Mondays in January, March, July and Novem- 
l)er ; and in Houston first Mondays in February, April, June, October 
and December, and continues four weeks in each terra. 



SIXTEENTH LEGISLATURE. 



The Regular session of the Sixteenth Legislature of the State met in 
Austin, January 14, 1879. Wells Thompson called the Senate to order 
and "Wm. Leigh Chalmers acted as secretary. 

The following are the officers and members of the body as reported 
in Swindell's Legislative Manual. 

STATE SENATE. 

Joseph D. Sayers, of Bastrop, Lieutenant-Governor and President ; 
Leigh Chalmers, of Travis, Secretary ; "William A. Fields, of Bosque, 
First Assistant Secretary ; William Neal Ramey, of Shelby, Second 
Assistant Secretarj^ ; John W. Swindells, of Dallas, Calendar Clerk ; 
Asa M. Belvin, of Hays, Engrossing Clerk ; Thomas P. INIartin, of 
Marion, Enrolling Clerk ; H. C. Surghnor, of Bell, Enrolling Clerk ; 
James M. Barton, of Rusk, Sergeant-at-Arms ; Walter P. Fisher, of 
Travis, Assistant-at-Aims ; W. Fitzhugh, of ColUn, Doorkeeper; Rev. 
C C. Chaplin, of Travis, Chaplain. 



146 



TEXAS ALMANAC AND HANDBOOK. 
MEMBERS OF STATE SENATE. 



Name. 






Blassing;ame, AV.. 
Brown, W. M... 
Buchanan, J. C. . 
Burnett, J. R . . . 
Burton, W. M . . . 
Davenport, J. II. 
Duncan, J. M . . . 
Edwards, P. F. . 

Ford, J. S 

Gooch, J. Y 

Grace, CD , 

Guy, R. S 

Hobby, P^dwin — 
Homan, W. K.. . , 
Houston, A. W. . , 
Lane, E, R. 



11 

21 
10 
16 
17 
24 
7 
2 
29 

8 
9 
13 
1 
20 
30 
28 

Lair, W. D |12 

Ledbetter, W. II.|26 
Martin, M 114 

M'Cormick,A.P.tl9 
M'CuUoch, T. J.. 15 
Moore, J. W 22 



Motley, J. W. . 
Patten, S. C . . 
Ripetoe, W. . . . 
Shannon, W. R. 
Stewart, Chas . . 
Storey, L. J.. . . 
Swain, W. J.. . . 
Terrell, A. W.. 
Tilson, W. H. . . 



S. C. 
N. C. 
La. . . . 
Ga. . . 

In. c. . 

iGa. ., 
■Tenn. . 
Texas . 
S. C, 
Ky. . . 
Ga. . . 
Va.... 
Fla. . . 
Tenn. , 
Ala. . . 
Ind... 
Ky..., 
Ky..., 
Ky..., 
Texas , 
Va.... 
S. C... 
Ala. . , 
Ga. . ., 
Ala... 
Ky . . . 
Tenn. 
Ga. ., 
Ky. .., 
Va... 
Va... 



P. O. Address 



Sandusky. . . . 

Marlin..". 

Mineola 

Anderson. . . . 
Richmond.. . . 
Eastland . . . . 
Longview. . . . 
Nacogdoches. 
Brownsville . . 
Palestine . . . . 
Bonham . . . . 
Lancaster . . . 
Livingston. . . 

Caldwell 

San Antonio.. 

Goliad 

Melissa 

LaGrange . . . 
Corsicana. . . . 

Brazoria 

Jewett 

Grandview. . . 

Overton 

Hallettsville. . 

Marshall 

Weatherford. 

Houston 

Lockhart . . . . 
Clarksvillc .. . 

Austin 

Texarkana. . . 



County. 



Grayson . . 

Falls 

Wood .... 

Grimes 

Fort Bend 
Eastland . 

Giegg 

Nacogdo's 
Cameron . 
Anderson. 
Fannin .. . 
Dallas .... 

Polk 

Burleson . 

Bexar 

Goliad 

ColUn 

Fayette ... 
Navarro... 
Brazoria .. 

Leon 

Johnson... 

Rusk. 

Lavaca — 
Harrison . 
Parker — 
Harris . , . 
Cahlwell.. 
Red Rivei 
Travis . . . 
Bowie 



Occupa- 
tion. 



Physician 
Merchant 
Law3'er .. 

.do. ... 
Farmer. . 
Lawyer . . 

.do. ... 

.do. ... 

.do. ... 

.do. ... 

.do. . . . 

• do. ... 

.do. ... 

.do. . .'. 

.do. ... 

. do. . . . 
Physician 
Lawyer .. 
Farmer . . 
Lawyer .. 
Physician 
^Merchant 
Physician 
Law3er . . 

Lawyer .. 
. .do. . . . 
..do. ... 
..do. ... 

...do 

.. do 



o 



Dem. 

do 

do 
Rep. 

do 
Dem. 

do 

do 

do 

do. 

do 

do 

do 
Ind.G, 
Dem. 

do 

do. 

do 

da 
Rep. 



Dem. 
do 
do 
do 
41 Rep. 
50pem. 
421 do 
44 1 do 
39 do 
46 do 
... do 



*Thomas P. Martin resigned February 1, and H. C. Surghnor was 
elected to fill the vacancy. 

fAt the close of the regular session, Senator M'Cormick resigned to 
become Judge of the Northern U. S. District of Texas, and AVm. L. 
Chalmers was appointed to a clerkship in the U. S. Senate at Washing- 
ton. Captain Chapman became Secretary of the Senate. April 14th» 
Senator Storey was elected President pro tem of the S'iuate. 




Gov. O. M. ROBERTS. 




THE URSULINE CONVENT, SAN ANTONIO. 



HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 



147 



HOUSE OF repep:sentatives. 

John 11. Cochran, of Dallas, Speaker ; Will. Lambert, of Harris, Chief 
Clerk ; J. W, Booth, of Wise, Assistant C'leik ; Alston Dnggan, of Hays, 
Journal Clerk; Jiunes L, Cunningham, of Bell, Calendar Clerk ; *(,^uarn 
A. Newton, of Williamson, Engrossing Clerk; James L. Autry, of Na- 
varro, Enrolling Clerk ; M. JVI. Boggess, of McLennan, Sergeant-at-Arms ; 
C. Hardeman, of Erath, Assistant Sergeant-at-Arms ; John J. McLaugh- 
lin, of Travis, P ostmaster ; W. 1. C. Autry, of Wood, Doorkeeper. 



Name. 




9 Ala. 
30|Va. .. 
18 Tenn. 



Baker, B. M. .. 
Beck, Thomas 
Bell, William., 

Benavides, S 76 Texas 

Brown, B. W 16 Ala, 

Brown, J. P 42 Ga. 

Bryan, Guy M... 35 Mo. 

Cain, T. M 22 Tenn. 

Callaway, W. G.. llGa. 

Carlton," J. W l|Ga. 

Clemens, William 721 Germ' ny 

Cochran, N {38|Texas 

Cocke, F. B. S....!73Tenn.. 

Collins, N. G 77iN. Y.. 

Coleman, W. S... 79:Ga. ... 
Crossland, J. L... 6 S. C... 

Crow, M. S 69N.C... 

Daniel, J. W 4G Ga, ... 

Daugherty, F. M. SO^Ala,... 
Delany, W. F...,64:Ga. ... 
Douglass, A. M..|56 Tenn, 

English, J. N .ooiTexas 

Estes, J. P 69,N.C... 

Evans, R. J 129, La 



P. O. Address 



County. I Occupa- c : ^ 

I tion. ^ ; (i; 



Carthage . . Panola Lawyer , 29 Dem. 

Navasota. . .jGrimes ■' 50 Rep. 

Honey Grove. Fannin 148 Dem. 



Finlay, George P. 

Fisher, H, W 

Flewellin, R, T... 

Ford, T. W 

Foster, R, C 

Freeman, J. E, ... 

Frost, S. R 

Fry, J. T 

Gaither, J. C 

Garrison, C. J... 

Gause, W. R 

Geiger, H. G 

Gibson, C, R 

Grant, J, D 

Goodson, G. H... 
Guy, B. A 



35 Miss 




Laredo 

Longview . . 

Kosse . . . . 

Galveston . . 

Emory . . . 

Wheatville . . 

Beaumont . . 

N. Braunfels . 

Buckhorn . . 

Center Point . 

San Diego . . 

Marshall . . 

Douglass . . 

Stephensville 

Lancaster . . 

Gainesville . 

Seguin . . . 

Covington 

Cleburne . 

Granberry . 

Navasota . 

(ialveston . 

Hunts ville . 

Houston . . 

Burkesville 

Denison . . 

Hempstead 

Corsicana . 

Caney . . 

Marl in . . 

Glenfawn . 

Fort Worth 

Hearne . 

Waxahachie 

Hearne . . 

Hamilton . 



Webb 55 

Gregg Farmer. 47; 

Limestone. . do . . . 491 
Galveston.. Lawyer. 58 1 

Rains ; 44| 

Morris Farmer ..^501 

Jefferson... Dentist . 641 



Comal 

Austin 

Kerr 

Duval 

Harrison . 
Nacogdo's . 

Erath 

Dallas 

Cooke 

Gaudalupe. 

Hill 

Johnson . . 

Hood 

Grimes. . . 
Galveston . 
Walker . . . 

Harris 

Newton . .. 
Gravson . . 

Waller 

Navarro . . 
Matagorda 

Falls 

Rusk 

Tarrant . 
Robertson 

Ellis 

Robertson 
H:unilton . 



Mercha't 35 
42 



do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 

do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
25 Rep. 

Lawyer . 49 Dem. 
50G. B. 

Physici'n|57 Dem. 

Lawyer .131 do 



49. 

Lawyer . |37j 
Farmer. 60 
Physici'n 45' 
Farmer . i50 

'52: 

Farmer .... 
Physici'n 40 



Lawyer 
do 



41 

27i 



do 



. do . . 
Physici'n 
Farmer . 
Lawyer . 

. do . . . 



Editor... 
Farmer . 
Lawver . 



39, Va 'Win. Tenn . W'ashingt'nJFarmer 



44 do 
-13 Rep. 
3 1 Dem. 
44 do 



do 

do 

do 

'ep. 

)em. 

61|liid. 

21Dem. 

37 do 



*Resigned, Februai-y 14, and Chas. G. Maillott elected to fill the vacancy 



148 



TEXAS ALMANAC AND HANDBOOK. 
HOUSE OF RKPUESKNTATIVES — Coiltinue'^l. 



Name. 

Henderson, J. B. 
Henderson. WB. 
Henry, M. W.... 

Hill, W. T 

Holmes, S.M 

Hurst, James ... 
Jackson, R, M. . 

Jones, B. F 

Jones, W. C 

Johnson, J. W... 
Johnston, W. M. 
Johnston, F. L... 

King, W. H*. 

Larkin, W. C. .. 
Leonard, James. 
Linn, E. D. . . 
Linton, W. W. . . 
Loe, J. T. W.. . 
Maedgen, Meritz 

May, Elias 

Merritt, W. W. . 

Mills, S. P 

Moore, J. M 

McCall, D. M. . . 
McComb, J. E.. 

Mnllins, O 

Oxsheer, W. W.. 
Philpott, B. A ... 
Pickett, G. B . . . 

Pauli, G 

Policy, J. T . . . . 
Policy, J. B . . . . 
Proctor, S. L — 
Reeves, Geo. R. . 
Ramsey, J. A. . . 
Saunders, R. C 
Scott, W. T . . . . 
Singletary, W. J. 

Sledge, A. L 

Smith, Ashbel. . . 
Smith, W. T.... 
Smith, Felix E. . 
Stewart, Seth W. 
Stewart, W. A . . 

Stiles, J. W 

Taylor, M. D. K. 
Taylor, Robt. H. 

Thomas, W 

Upton, W. F 

Venters, S. A — 
Williams, B. F... 
Wurzbach, C. L. 



15S. C. 
22 Ala . 



64 Ala . 
54 Ind . 
24Tenn. 



Nativity. 



Teun. 
Ala 



Tenn. . . 

Ga 

W. Va .. 
Scotland 
Miss . . . . 
Ga. .. . 
Tenn . . 
Ohio... . 
Texas. . 

Ala 

Texas . . 
Germ'n}- 



-^8 Ala 
47 Mo . . . 
57 Mo . . . 

74 Tenn. . 
25 Miss... 
34 Mo . . . 

75 Ky . . . 
4ljTenn. . 
43 Md. . . . 

52 Ky 

63 Prussia 

4 1 Texas., 
78 do. 

US. c... 

49'Tenn.., 
67 Va. .. 
59 Miss... 

10 do. 
17 S. C... 
40 Texas , 
33 N. C... 
13 Ga.... 
<)5 Tenn. . 
20 Ky 

5 Ga. . . . 
12 Texas.. 

11 Ga.... 
1!)S. C... 
oSjTenn. . 
01 1 do. 
51 IN. C. . 
37jVa.... 
71 Germ' 



"y 



P. O. Address. 



Countv 



Tyler 

Willis Point., 
Waslder 



Martindale . . 
Weatlierf ord . 
Palestine .... 
Alum Creek.. 
Greenville. . . 
Columbiis . . 
Centreville. .. 
Buena Vista.. 
Sulphur Sp'gs 

Athens 

Denison 

Victoria 

Montgomery . 

Austin 

Troy 

Br^an 

McKinney. . . 

Waco 

Llano 

Alto 

Montgomery . 
Ben. Ficklin.. 
Maysfield.. . . 
Avant Prairie 

Decatur 

LaG range.. . . 

INIilam 

Floresville . . . 

Atlanta 

Reevesville . . 

Corn Hill 

Hallcttsville.. 
Marshall 



Chappel Hill. 
Ced,ar Bavou. 
Mt. Vernon. . 

Austin 

Cooper 

Crockett . . . . 
Clarksville . . 
Jefferson . . . . 
Bonham . . . . 
Concrete . . . . 
Schulenbcrg.. 

Denton 

East BoriKU'd. 
San Antonio. 



Smith 

Van Zandt 
Gonzales.. 
SanJaci'lo 
Caldwell . . 

Parker 

Anderson. 
Bastrop . . 

Hunt 

Colorado.. 

Leon 

Shelby.... 
Hopkins .. 
Henders'n 
( ! i-ayson . . 
Victoria. . 
Montgo'y. 

Travis 

Bell 

Brazos 

Collin.... 
McLennan 
Llano. . 
Cherokee . 
Montgo'y. 
TomGreen 
Milam . . . 
Freestone. 

Wise 

Fayette . . . 

Sabine 

AVilson.... 

Cass 

Grayson. . 
Williams'n 
Lavaca . . 
Harrison . 
Camp. . . . 
(Wash'ton. 
Harris — 
Titus .... 

Travis 

Delta 

Houston. . 
Red River 
iMarion. ... 
Fannin . . . 
DeWitt.. 
Fayette .., 
Denton .. . 
\\'harton . 
Bexar 



Occupatn. 



Law^'cr . . 
Farmer. . 
Physician 
Farmer 
..do. . 
. . do. . 
Merchant 



Lawyer .. 
Farmer... 
Lawyer . . 
..do. ... 
..do. ... 
Physician 



Lawyei' . . 
Farmer... 
Printer. . 
Farmer .. 



Pol. 



Farme :. 
..do. . 



Farmer. . 
Lawyer . . 
Farmer. . 



Lawyer . . 
Farmer .. 
Saddler . . 
Lawyer .. 
..do. ... 
Merchant 
Farmer . . 



Jem. 
do 

[nd. 

'^em. 

Ind. 

Dera. 
do 

Ind. 

Dem. 

Ind. 

Dem. 
do 
do 
do 
36G. B. 
30 Dem. 
48 G. B. 
28: do 
48^Dem. 
47 Rep. 

Dem. 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 

Rep. 

Dem. 
do 
do 
do 
do 



Faimer do 

Planter.. G8 do 
Law3er . . ' . . do 
Rep. 
Pin sii'ian 72 Dem. 



Farmer .. 
Lawyer .. 
..do. ... 
Farmer .. 
Physician 
Lawyer . . 
Farmer . . 
ilMerchant 
!..do. ... 
Mechanic 
'Lawyer. . 



do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
Lid. 
Dem. 
do 
do 
OOj do 
44 do 



SIXTEENTH LEGISLATURE. 149 

Among the more important subjects presented by Governor Hubbard 
in his annual message for the consideration of the Legislature were 
those connected with the finances of the State, and the adoption of the 
revised code of laws. On July 28, 1876, the Fifteenth Legislature 
passed a bill authorizuig the Governor to appoint a commission of five 
persons, learned in. the law, to revise and digest the laws of the State, 
both civil and criminal. Under this act Gov. Coke had appointed Hons. 
■C. S. West, George Clark, J. W. Ferris, B. H. Bassett and Samuel A. 
Wilson as members of the commission. After immense labor this com- 
mission now presented the revised code, and after some attempts to 
amend it was adopted as a whole, though some amendments were sub- 
sequently adopted. 

On the financial question, after referring to the deficiencies resulting 
in part from a failure to collect the taxes, asks if the amount upon 
which the legislature may safely rely will be sufficient for the support of 
the State government. '-'This, it is earnestly insisted, is the gravest 
problem which concerns the representatives of the people." The Gov- 
ernor says again : 

"It is well to look this danger squarely in the face, for we have 
reached that point, it is respectfully submitted, in our financial history, 
when the cry of " retrenchment and reform " becomes no longer, as it 
too often has been, the cheap watchwords of the demagogue, but rather 
a palpable and imperious necessity to the legislation of Texas, from this 
day henceforth. Can the machinery of the State government be kept 
in motion, on i\\e, present basis of taxation, without abandoning old and 
-cherished public policies, the protection of the frontier, and the main- 
tenance of public free schools ? Can it be done without reducing the 
compensation of the judiciary or otherwise impairing the vigor and effi- 
ciency of the various other departments of the State government?" 

After a full discussion of the financial situation, and materially cut- 
ting down exiDenses in some departments, and increasing them in others, 
.especially by the creation of a number of new judicial districts, a bill 
was finally passed, setting apart one fourtli of the general revenue for 
.^school purposes and appropriating in the aggregate, as follows, for the 
jiext two ensuing years : 



150 



TEXAS ALMAXAC AND HAND-BOOK. 



Legislative Appropriations for 2 Years. 



Year endinor 
Feb. 29, 18«0. 



Executive department 

State department 

Treasury department 

Comptroller's otflce 

General land office 

Lunatic asylum 

Blind as3dun3 

Deaf and dumb asylum 

Penitentiary 

Quarantine 

Pensions. 

Attorney General's office 

Adjutant General's office 

Judiciary 

Public buildings and grounds. 
Bureau of insurance, etc. 
Miscellaneous 



$ 25,460 

54,050 

512.700 

28,700 

49,650 

39,420 

26,210 

16,330 

40,000 

25,000 

51,800 

9,663 

104,900 

231,540 

700 

4,600 

3,730 



Year ending 
Feb. 28, 1881. 



Total $1,224,453 



$ 23,460- 

27,800' 

508,700' 

28,700 

49,650- 

39,420' 

18,710 

13,330 

40,000 

20,000 

1.800 

9,665 

103,450 

231,54a 

600* 

4,600 

2,70a 

$1,124,623 



Of the very large amount assigned to the treasury department $100,- 
000 each year was for a sinking fund ; $400,000 to pay the interest on 
the public debt. 

GOVERNOR ROBERTS' VETO. 

The constitution authorizes the governor to approve some items in an 
appropriation bill, and to disappi'ove others. On the 23rd of April 
Governor Roberts sent in his message approving the main items of the 
bill and vetoing others. We copy as follows : 

Gentlemen. — I have approved the bill entitled "An act to make appro- 
priations for the support of the state government for the j^ears beginning 
March 1, 1879, and ending February 28, 1881," which originated in the 
Senate, and passed both houses of the Legislature at the present session, 
with the exception of the following items of appropriation, which I do 
not and have not approved, and which are respectfully returned to your 
honorable body, with my objections to such items becoming a law, as 
l)art of said bill ; the said items, not approved, being as follows, to-wit : 

Under the head "educational," the following item of appropriation, 
to-wit: " The entire available school fund annually derived from all 
sources, including the poll tax, and one-fourth of the general revenue 
is hereby set aside annually for the support of the public free schools ;" 
and the items under the liead of the "treasury department," as follows^ 
to-wit: 



SIXTEENTH LEGISLATURE. — EXTKA SESSION. 151 

For interest on public debt $400,000- 

For sinking fund on public debt, to be invested in State 

bonds, $100,000— 100, COO- 

" It is hardly necessary to call attention to the fact that, finding a 
large deficiency of public debts, now estimated at over one-half million 
of dollars, already incurred, and a large excess of expenses over cur- 
rent annual revenue, I recommended a cutting down of the expenses 
generally in everything, without such a diminution as to produce an. 
embarrassing shock in any department of the government, but suffi- 
ciently so as that the annual revenue should be equal to the current 
expenses, and also to provide the means, as far as practicable, for pay- 
ment of the outstanding debts creating the deficiency^. The present 
Legislature have been most industriously and laboriously emploj^ed, not 
only in numerous local, sectional and amendatory measures, but also in 
(Mirrying out this policy by reducing salaries and curtailing expenditures 
in different objects, both pensions and frontier and police being cut 
down, not that I recommended it, so much, perhaps, as from their own 
conviction of its obvious necessity under existing circumstances. Upon 
two leading subjects of expense there has been as yet no changes in the 
course of legislation, which are in the appropriations of one-fourth, 
of the entire State revenue for the support of the common schools 
(amounting, as estimated, to $400,000) ; and the appropriation for 
the paj-ment of the interest of the bonded debt of the State, and the 
sinking fund annually set apart to pay the same (amounting to nearly 
$500,000 more), making in the aggregate nearly $900,000 taken first 
out of the $1,600,000 net revenue of the State, as it is estimated by the 
comptroller, and which leaves only $700,000, with which to defray the 
current expenses necessarily incurred in the administration of the actual 
government of the State. That amount is not only not enough, as is 
shown by this appropriation act, but its deficiencj^ is greatly increased 
by its postponement to the other two leading and principal appropria- 
tions that are favored by the preferred payment of them, under existing 
laws. This preference given to these large appropriations, though for- 
objects constituting the mere incidents of government, and not the ex-^ 
penses absolutely necessary to carry on the continual clog and derange- 
ment of our whole financial system, and will continue to do so as long, 
as it is allowed to continue." 



SIXTEENTH LEGISLATURE.— EXTRA SESSION. 



The Legislature having adjourned without making provision to meet. 



152 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

the interest on the pubhc debt falling due on the first of Jul}', and with- 
out having provided for continuing the public free schools of the State, 
:an extra session became necessary. 

Under the Constitution the Governor may convene an extra session of 
the Legislature ; but " there shall be no legislation upon subjects other 
than those designated in the proclamation of the Governor calling such 
session, or presented to them by the Governor; and no such session 
shall be of longer duration than thirty days." On the 12tb of May 
Governor Roberts issued his proclamation convening the Sixteenth Leg- 
islature in extra session on the lOth of June — -to consider the following 
subjects: 

1. To provi,de for the payment of the interest on the public debt, and 
for a sinking fund, 2. To provide for the sale oi the public lands — the 
proceeds to be applied to the liquidation of the State debt. 3. To make 
an appropriation for the support of the public free schools. 4. To 
make provision for the more expeditious sale of the lands belonging to 
the public free school fund. 5. For the sale of the university lands. 
6. For the sale of the lands belonging to the State asylums. 7. To 
provide for the incidental expenses of the educational board; and for 
the normal schools at Huntsville and Prairie View. 8. To amend the 
law establishing the agricultural college, and to provide for instruction 
in agriculture and the mechanic arts. 9. To amend the law for the col- 
lection of back taxes, and taxes from non-residents in the unorganized 
counties. 10. For the organization of new counties. 11. To make 
such additional appropriations for the public service as may be deemed 
necessar}'. 12. To provide for the more prompt return to the comp- 
troller's office of claims of sheriff's and attorney's fees, and to provide 
against the issuance of " O. K." certificates. 13. To provide against 
•embezzlement. 14. To amend the law for transmitting convicts to the 
penitentiary. 15. To provide for the appointnient of a financial agent 
to aid our members of Congress in prosecuting the claims of Texas 
against the United States. 16. To make additional appropriations for 
the State asylums. 17. To provide for the purchase of a lot, etc., for 
the Adjutant General's department, for an arsenal, etc. 18. To pro- 
vide for a board or boards to examine and dispose of any public prop- 
erty no longer useful to any of the departments. 19. To make a con- 
tingent appropriation for the penitentiary. 20. To jirovide indigent 
convicts with clothing when they leave the penitentiary. 2L Reo-- 
ulating the payment of tiie fees of sheriffs, attorneys, clerks, etc., in 
criminal cases. 22. To provide a commission to aid the Supreme Court 
and the Court of Appeals in the decision of cases accumulating on their 
dockets. 23. To provide for a change in the jurisdiction of County 
<;!oui-ts, and a corresponding change in the jurisdiction of other Courts; 



SIXTEENTH LEGISLATURE. — EXTRA SESSION. 153^ 

and to relieve the Court of Appeals from the trial of any but criminal 
cases. 24, To provide for protecting the State and its citizens in the 
case of the claim of Mercer's Colony. 25. To provide for a State BoarcT 
of Health. 26. For holding State elections at a time different from 
Congressional elections. 27. To authorize State and county agents tc^ 
bid in lands sold under execution in favor of the State and authorizing 
said agents to sell the same to collect the money due the State. 28. To 
amend the sleeping car tax law 29. To re-enact the law of 1876 for 
the collections of tax on delinquent list; and finall}', to consider " other 
subjects to which the attention of the Legislature may be called during 
its special session by messages from the Chief Executive of the State." 

In his message at the opening of the extra session, and in other 
special messages, the Governor suggested some fifteen or twenty other 
subjects for consideration. 

At the opening of the session there was a pretty sharp controversy 
between those who sustained the veto and those opposed. The princi- 
pal controversy was on the question of schools. The constitution of 
1869 had declared that not less than one-fourth of the revenue derived 
from taxation should be devoted to the cause of public education. The 
constitution of 1876 had changed that to not more than one-fourth, and. 
one-fourth had been appropriated. A compromise was finally effected 
by reducing the amount of the School appropriation from one-fourth to 
one sixth of the revenue— a falling off of about $120,000 or $130,000 
per annum. Provision was made to meet the July interest, and the- 
accruing interest on the public debt as it fell due. After a thirty days' 
session the Legislature adjourned. Just before its close the Governor 
sent in the folloAving message : 

Upon your adjournment I desire to express to you my grateful obli- 
gation for the respect shown to me as the chief executive of the state by 
your honorable bodies, and severally by the members thereof. In that 
capacity I have endeavored to bring to light and to present to you and 
to the country, the true condition and workings of the state government 
in all of its departments and institutions. You have responded to my 
recommendations suflficiently to exhibit a harmonious co-o|K'ration in 
the different departments, and a common desire to promote the best 
interests of the State. I acknowledge my personal gratification at the 
result. Upon assembling in January last you found much to do, and 
you have done much, both in the regular and in the special session. 
The revised codes of statutory laws have been adopted and amended. 
A commission has been established to relieve the Supreme and Appel- 
late courts, and numerous provisions have been made for the improve? 
ment of the judiciary and the execution of the laws generally. Pro^ 



154 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

vision has heon made for surveying and selling land to build a new 
capitol. The quarantine laws have been improved for the greater safety 
of the lives of the people against the ravages of yellow fever. A more 
expeditious mode of selling the school lands has been inaugurated. A 
law for the sale of part of the public lands to pay the public debt has 
been passed. The stock laws have been improved. The laws on tax- 
ation and collection of taxes have been extensively revised and amended. 
Expenses in almost every branch of the public service have been cur- 
tailed. Indeed, without further enumeration it may be truly said that 
nearly every subject in the whole range of legislative action has received 
your attention and laborious efforts at improvement. This is especially 
applicable to the various subjects connected with the finance of the 
state, and on this subject I, as representing in part the whole people of 
the State, and in their behalf, take the liberty to congratulate you as the 
legislative department and controling power of the State government, 
in having, by your action, practically established the great principle, the 
greatest in any government, that the ordinary expenses must be brought 
within the ordinary revenues from year to year, so as to prevent the in- 
crease of public debt, and that no object of expense, however cherished, 
shall be exempt from diminution, if it should be necessary to preserve 
that principle in practice. To pay as you go has come up to the capital 
in no uncertain sound of commendation of that principle from all i)arts 
of the State, which shows that the whole people of the state are aroused 
to a full appreciation of what you have done in that regard, and which, 
we may hope, gives promise through their continued approbation of 
making it permanently the leading vital principal in our state govern- 
jnent, and its present and future administration. 

LAWS OF THE SIXTEENTH LEGISLATURE. 

For a Neiv Capitol. — Three million and fifty-thousand acres of land in 
the counties of Deaf Smith, Parmer, Dallam, Hartley, Cochran, Castro, 
Lamb, Bailey, Hockley and Oldham were set apart to be appropriated 
to the building of a new Capitol. The Governor, Comptroller, Treas- 
urer of the State, Attorney General, and Commissioner of land office 
were appointed a board of commissioners to carry this law into effect. 
The board advertised for bids to survey the land, and on the 16th of 
August a contract Avas entered into with Mr. Francis F. Hopp, of Mata- 
rgorda County, who was, out of the proceeds of the sales of the land to 
receive S6,0()0 for surveying it — Mr. Hopp to bear all the expenses of 
the survey. 

Count!! Seats and Court Houses. — If the present Comity Seat of a 
County is more than five miles distant from the geographical centre of 
the County, a vote of a majority of the electors is sufficient to remove 



SIXTEENTH LEGISLATURE. — EXTRA SESSION. 155 

' it to within five miles of the centre. If it is ah-eady within five miles of 
the geographical centre it requires a two thirds vote to remove it. 

Counties may levy and collect a special tax to build court houses and 
jails ; or to complete or pay for those already built. The special tax 
not to exceed fifty cents on every one hundred dollars' worth of 
property'. 

Election Tickets must be Plain. — Section 16, general election law, is 
amended to require all ballots to be written or printed on plain white 
paper, without any picture, sign, vignette, device in stamp, mark, ex- 
•cept the writing or printing in black ink or black pencil of the names of 
the candidates and the several offices to be filled, and except the 
name of the political party whose candidates are on the ticket, provided 
such ballots may be written or printed on plain white foolscap, legal-cap 
or letter paper. Further prohibits counting vote for any candidate 
whose name is pasted on a ballot. 

Estrays. — To protect stray stock — " Any person who shall take up 
and use any horse, mare, gelding, mule, ox, cow, or any other dumb 
animal, the property of another, and without consent of the owner, 
shall b*e fined 10 to 100 dollars ; provided this act shall not prevent 
prosecution of theft when such is the crime committed." 

Frontier Protection. — A battalion of men is provided for to 

protect the frontier. Pa}' of officers and privates of the frontier battal- 
ion shall be, for major $125, captains or commanders of companies $100 
each, lieutenants when not commanding $75 each, first sergeants $50 
-each, other sergeants, corporals and privates $30 each per month. 

Inspectors of Hides., Stock and Shee]). — Provision is made for appoint- 
ing hide and cattle inspectors, and inspectors of sheep. But about one 
iialf of the counties of the State are exempt from the operations of the 

law. 

LOCAL OPTION LAW AMENDED. 

Section 6 of that law shall read : It is hereby made the duty of the 
■district judges to give this act in charge to the grand jury, and it is 
made the special duty of the county attorne\^s to file or have filed a 
complaint in the county court of said count}-, against all houses and the 
keepers thereof used for the sale, exchange, or gift of any kind of intox- 
icating liquors in any county, justice's precinct, city, or town in this 
State where local option has been voted by the citizens thereof, where 
any hidden device is resorted to to prevent or avoid detci^tion of the 
keeper thereof; and upon said complaint being filed with any justice of 
the peace, describing the place where the said device is kept and the 
•■•: nio of the person violating the law, if known, said justice of the peace 



156 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

shall issue his warrant commanding any sheriff or constable to search 
said place, and if the law is being violated, to arrest the person, or per- 
sons so violating the law, and it shall be the duty of the sheriff of the 
county wherein such house or place of such device is kept for the sale 
or gift of intoxicating liquors, to demand admission into the fame, and 
upon admittance being refused, the sheriff is hereby authorized and. 
required by law to force open the same and arrest and hold for trial 
before the courts all such persons who shall violate any of the provisions 
of this act; and it is the duty of the county judges and all the justices 
of the peace having jurisdiction in the premises to see that this act i» 
rigidly enforced. 

Liens. — Landlords — Mechanics upon Railroads. 

Article 3,122 (a), added to revised statutes, provides: That persons 
leasing or renting store, house, dwelling or other building shall have 
preferred lien upon all property of the tenant in such building for pay- 
ment of rents due, and that may become due, to continue so long as the 
tenant occupies the leased premises and one month thereafter ; but shall 
not effect or repeal laws exempting pi-operty from forced sale. Remedy 
of owners of leased premises is by distress warrant, and extend opera- 
tion of the law to protect owners of store-houses and dwellings same as 
in case of landlords. 

Section 3 provides when the foregoing is not complied with any party 
in interest may supply the recitals and have investigation as to their 
truth before the county or district judge in term time or vacation. 
Proof may be submitted and heard, and the judge shall determine which 
of the recitals have been proven and enter judgment accordingly. The 
deed containing recitals with supplement, or with the judgment properly 
authenticated, ma}' then be recorded as one instrument. 

Mechanics, laborers and operatives to have a lien prior to all others- 
upon a railroad and its equipments for such wages as are unpaid. Said 
railroad and its equipments, or so much thereof as may be necessar}^, to- 
be sold to satisfy judgment of the court. 

It is not necessary for plaintiffs in suits of this kind to make other 
lien-holders defendants thereto, but such lien-holders may intervene and 
become parties thereto. 

Suits may be instituted in any county in this State where labor was 
performed, or in which the cause of action or part tiiereof accrued, or 
in the county in which the railroad is domiciled. 

Oyster Beds. — A law allows individuals having suitable situations at 
the mouths of bayous, in bays, etc., to plant oyster beds and enjoy the 
exclusive benefits of the same. The law also prohibits the taking of 
oysters from public beds during the summer months. 




COURT HOUSE. PARIS. 




COURT HOUSE. FORT WORTH. 



l^ 



SIXTEENTH LEGISLATURE. — EXTRA SESSION. 157 

Police Company. — A police company is provided for ; to operate in 
the southwestern portion of the State. It consists of captain, lieutenant, 
two sergeants, two corporals and twenty-one men. Captain to receive 
$125, lieutenant ^100, and rest S30 per month. The duties and regula- 
tions are the same as the law under which Hall's company operated. 

Publication of Judicial Sales. — Heretofore sales of property took place 
:after such sale had been advertised by putting up notices in three public 
places. A new law requires notice of such sale to be published in a 
newspaper, if one is published in the county. The publication is made 
at the request of the defendant ; and must be inserted three successive 
weeks — at 75 cents for first insertion and 50 cents thereafter for each 
insertion. 

Quarantine. — The quarantine law was amended, and provision made 
for a State Board of Health. Under this law. Dr. B. Rutherford was 
appointed Health otficer of the State. 

By proclamation of the Governor, on the 25th of April all vessels 
from ports south of the 25th degree of North Latitude were excluded 
from Texas ports, until they had remained the required time in quaran- 
tine stations. The following are quarantine stations : 

Galveston — At Pelican island. 

Brazos Santiago — At the point of Padre island. 

Mouth of the Rio Grande — At Bagdad, under American authority, 
with and by the permission of the Mexican government, also their pro- 
tection, as this is upon their territory. 

Corpus Christi — At the shell bank near Aransas Pass. 

Indianola — At Pass Cavallo, Deckro's point, on Matagorda peninsula. 

By subsequent proclamations of the Governor, quarantine stations 
were established on the lines of railways entering the State. 

KAILROAU TARIFFS. 

Article 4,257 of revised civil statutes shall read: 

Railroad companies may charge and receive not exceeding the rate of 
50c. per 100 pounds per 100 miles for the transportation of freight over 
their roads, but the charges for transportation on each class or kind of 
freight shall be uniform, and no unjust discrimination in the rates or 
charges for the transportation of any freight shall be made against any 
person or place on any railroad in this State ; and it shall be prima facie 
evidence of an unjust discrimination for any railroad company to de- 
mand or receive from any person, firm or company, a greater compensa- 
tion than from another for the transportation in this State of any freight 
of the same kind or class, in equal or greater quantities, for the same 
or a le»e distance, which prima facie evidence may be rebutted by com- 



158 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

petent testimony on the part of such company, showing that the dis- 
crimination, if any, was not an unjust one, and the question upon issue 
as to whether any alleged discrimination is unjust or not, shall be a^ 
question of fact, to be tried and determined as any other issue of fact 
in a case ; provided, that when the distance from the place of shipment 
to the point of destination of any freight is 50 miles or less, a charge 
not exceeding 30c. per 100 pounds may be made for the transportation 
thereof. 

Sunday Observance. — The law previously in force required business 
houses to be closed on Sunday between the hours of nine o'clock, a. m,. 
and four o'clock, p. m. An amendment to this law passed by the Six- 
teenth Legislature prohibits all sales on this day except in the market- 
house and in provision stores before nine o'clock in the morning. A 
rio-id construction of this law would close drug stores, and stop milk 
wao-ons on Sunday. This being an amendment to the previous law, it 
was, undoubtedly, supposed that the exceptions in that law would be 
applicable to this, but it seems they are not. The exceptions in the 
previous law permitted works of necessity and charity on Sunday ; and 
article 184, of revised statutes, after prohibiting all ordinary labor, — 
excepts from the operation of the law — foundries when in blast, sugar 
mills, all kinds of transportation, carrying the mails, etc., ferries, keep- 
ers of bridges, keepers of hotels, restaurants, boarding houses, livery 
stables, and labor necessai-y to save crops ; and further exempts those 
from the observance of this law, who keep any other day as the Sab- 
bath. A failure to incorporate similar exceptions in the new law, as it 
relates to sales of merchandise, drugs, etc., has raised a clamor for the 
repeal o'f the law. An elaborate decision of our Supreme Court has^ 
affirmed the constitutionality of a general Sunday law. The only ques- 
tion is as to the rigor with which tke law should enforce the observance 
of the day. 



TAXATION.— GENERAL TAX LAWS. 



WHAT PROPEUTY IS SUBJECT TO TAXATION. 

An act to amend an act entitled "an act defining what money and 
property is subject to taxation or exemption, and the mode of listing 
the same," approved August 21, 1876. 

'J'hat section third of an act entitled " an act defining what money 
and property is subject to taxation or exemption, and the mode of list- 



TAXATION — GENERAL TAX LAWS. 159 

ing tlie same," approved August 21, 1876, shall be so amended as to 
I'ead as follows : 

Section 2. Personal property shall, for the purpose of taxation, be 
construed to include all goods, chattels, moneys, credits and effects, 
■wheresoever they may be in this State ; provided, that moneys, credits, 
bonds and other evidences of debt shall be included, whether the same 
be in or out of this State ; all ships, boats and vessels belonging to 
inhabitants of this State, if registered in this State, whether at home or 
abroad, and all capital invested therein ; all moneys at interest, either 
within or whithout this State, due the persons to be taxed over and 
:above what he pays interest for ; and all other debts due such persons 
•over and above their indebtedness ; all public stocks and securities : all 
stocks in turnpikes, railroads, canals and other corporations (ex ept 
national banks) out of the state owned by inhabitants of this State ; all 
personal estate of moneyed corporations, whether the owners thereof 
reside in or out of the State, and the income of any annuity, unless the 
capital of such annuity be taxed within the State ; all shares in any bank 
organized or that may be organized under the law of the United States ; 
all improvements made by persons upon lands held by them, the title to 
which is still vested in the State of Texas or in any railroad company, 
■or which may have beea exempted from taxation for the benefit of any 
railroad company, or any other corporation whose property is not subject 
to taxation ; provided, that nothing in this section shall be construed 
•as to exemptfrom taxation any improvements on lands granted to any 
railroad company or other corporation, and exempt from taxation for " 
:a term of years. 

AD VALOREM AND OCCUPATION TAXES. 

Article 4,662 of re\'ised civil statutes shall read: That there shall be 
levied and collected an annual direct ad valorum State tax of one-half 
•of one per centum of the cash value thereof, estimated in lawful cur- 
rency of the United States, on all real property situated and all movable 
property owned in this State on the first day of January of each and 
every year, except so much thereof as may be exempted by the consti- 
tution and laws of this State, which cash value shall be estimated in the 
lawful currency of the United States. 

Article 4,663 of civil statute, shall read: One-fourth of said ad valo- 
rum tax shall be for the benefit of public schools and three-fourths for 
the support of the State government and the payment of the interest on 
the public debt, as may be directed by law; and the cost of assessing 
and collecting shall be paid pro rata out of each fund. 

Article 4,664 shall read : That there shall be levied and collected from 
«very male person between the ages of 21 and 60 years, resident within 



160 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

this State on the first day of January of each year (Indians not taxed^ 
and persons insane, blind, or those who by amputation or otherwise 
have lost the use of both hands or both feet, or one hand and one foot 
excepted, ) an annual poll tax of two dollars each ; one dollar for the 
benefit of public schools and one dollar for general revenue purposes. 

Article 4,665 shall read : That there shall be levied and collected from- 
any person, firm, company, or association of persons pursuing any of 
the following-named occupations, an annual tax (except when herein 
otherwise provided) on every such occupation or separate establishment, 
as follows : For selling spirituous, vinous and other intoxicating liquors, 
or medicated bitters, in quantities less than a quart, S250 ; for selling- 
in quantities of one quart and less than five gallons, S150 ; for selling in 
quantities of five gallons or more, $200. From every person, firm, or 
association of persons selling beer exclusively, an annual tax of $50, 
From every merchant whose purchases amount to $100,000 annually,, 
$200 ; from every merchant whose annual purchases amount to $50,000, 
tax of $100; from every merchant whose annual purchases amount to 
$25,000, a tax of $50 ; from every merchant whose annual purchases- 
amount to $15,000, $30 ; from every merchant whose annual purchases 
amount to $10,000, $20; from every merchant whose annual purchases- 
amount to $5,000, $10; from every merchant whose annual purchases 
amount to $2,000 or less, $5. From every commercial traveler, drum- 
mer, salesman, or solicitor of trade by sample or otherwise, an annual 
occupation tax of $200 ; provided that such person shall not be required 
to pay the same if the person, firm or association of persons represented 
by him or for whom he is soliciting trade, shall have paid a merchant' s- 
occupation tax as provided in this section of $200, and any firm, per- 
son or association of persons desiring to be represented or solicit trade 
by such commercial traveler or travelers, shall have the riglit to do so 
by paying to the comptroller of the State a State tax of $200, payable 
annually in advance, and such person, firm, etc., paying such tax, shall 
be exempt from the payment of any other State occupation tax as a. 
merchant ; and, provided further that the tax therein provided to be 
paid by such commercial traveler, drummer, salesman or solicitor, shall 
be paid to the comptroller of public accounts, whose receipts under seal 
shall be evidence of the payment of such tax ; and, provided further, 
that no county, city or town shall levy or collect any occupation tax 
upon such commercial traveler, drummer, salesman or solicitor ; pro- 
vided th;>t nothing herein contained shall appl}' to any one soliciting 
subscriptions for religious, literary or historical books or maps. 
Amendment in the meaning of this act is any person, firm or association 
of persons engaged in buying and selling goods, wares and merchandise 
of any kind whatever. From every traveling person selling ]iatent or 



TAXATION — GENERAL TAX LAWS, 161 

other medicines $200, and no traveling person shall so sell until said 
tax is paid ; from every fortune teller $200 ; from every clairvoyant or 
mesmerist who plies his or her vocation for money $5, for each and 
every county in which such vocation is carried on ; from every person, 
firm, etc., engaged in discounting and .shaving paper, or engaged in 
business as money brokers or bankers, or in buying and selling bonds, 
State or county warrants, or other claims against the State, an annual 
tax ol' $20 in a city or town of not more than 2,000 inhabitants ; in a 
city of 6,000 and not less than 2,000 inhabitants, $50 ; in a city or town 
of 10,000 and not less than 5,000 inhabitants, $100; in a city or town 
of 20,000 and not less than 10,000 inhabitants, $150 ; in a city or town 
of 40,000 and not less than 20,000 inhabitants, $200. From every 
operator ot owner of any Daguerreian, photograph, or other such like 
gallery by Vtiatever name called, if any city or town of less than 5,000 
inhabitants, ^10 ; if more than 5,000 inhabitants, $20 ; and if elsewhere, 
$5 ; and from every person soliciting work for any such gallery, where 
such gallery is not situated in the county in which he solicits work, $10. 
From every aocnoneer doing business in a city of 10,000 inhabitants 
or more, an annual tax of $75 ; from every auctioneer in a city or town 
of 5,000 and not less t\ian 10,000 inhabitants, $50 ; in city or town of 
2,000 and not moiw than 5,000 inhabitants $30, and in all other towns 
and villages $20, i^rom every person, ftrm, etc., following the occupa- 
tion of ship merohandlsing if in a city or town of 10,000 or more, $25, 
of less than 10,000 inhabitants, $10. From every keeper of a toll bridge 
an annual tax of $10. From every person firm, etc., selling upon com- 
mission, $10. From iand agents an annual tax of $10 ; the term " land 
agent" shall be construed to mean any person, firm, performing for 
compensation any of tho following services : Purchasing or selling real 
estate for others ; purchasing or selling land certificates for others ; 
examination into land claims for others. But this term "land agent " 
shall not be so construed as to levy any tax upon attorneys in addition 
to the one hereinafter levied, when pursuing the occupation of an attor- 
ney strictly as such. P'or every person practicing law, $10, provided, 
that attorneys at law shall only pay county or occupation tax in the 
county of his or their residence. For every practicing physician liaving 
a permanent home in this State, $10; provided, that phj^sicians shall 
only pay occupation tax in the county of their residence ; for every 
physician, surgeon, occulist, or medical specialist of any kind traveling 
from place to place in the practice of his profession an annual tax of $50 
in each county wliere he may practice his profession ; for every dentist 
in a city or tOAvn of 10,000 inhabitants or more $12, but sucli dentist 
liable to county occupation tax only in the county of his residence ; for 
every bill poster $25, and in each county in which he may pursue his 



162 TEliAS ALMANAC AND HANDBOOK. 

occupation $5 ; for each shooting gallery at which a fee is paid or 
demanded annual tax of $20 in each county ; for every billiard, baga- 
telle, or anything of the kind used for profit $50 ; for every horse race 
on which any bet is made where distance run does not exceed 440 yai'ds, 
S25 for each horse entered, to be paid to the tax collector before the 
race is run, by the person entering the horse ; for all other horse races 
$10 for each horse entered ; for every person or persons who sell pools 
on horse races, $5 for each and every day they ma}^ so sell pools. For 
every nine or ten-pin alley without regard to the number of pins used 
for profit, $1,000 ; any such allej^ used in connection with any drinking 
saloon or any drug store, or upon which any money or thing of value 
is paid, where intoxicating liquors ^are sold or given away, shall be 
regarded as used for profit. For every person using fav profit hobby 
horse, flying jenny or device of that character, $20 in each count\- kept 
©r used. For every foot-peddler, $10 in every county where he peddles j 
every peddler with one horse or pair of oxen, $25 in each county where 
he peddles ; every peddler with two horses or two pair of oxen, $40 in 
each county ; provided shall not be construed to include vendors of tin 
or earthenware. For every theatre or dramatic representation where 
pay is received, $5 for each day or $125 per quarter; provided, when 
given for instruction only or for charitable purposes shall not be taxed. 
For eveiy circus, where equestrian, etc., feats are performed and pay 
for admission received, for each performance $50 ; where acrobatic 
feats for profit exhibited, not connected with circus, $10 for each per- 
formance ; same tax for sleight-of-hand performance ; for every bulls or 
bears, bulls or dogs, bulls or men, or bulls and any other animal fight- 
ing, $500 each performance, if exhibited for pay ; for every cock fight, 
for pay or betting, $5. For manageries and wax-work shows, $10 each 
day of exhibition. For every concert, $5, except when given by citizens 
for aid of charitable purposes or literary associations. For livery or 
feed stable 50c. for each stall, and 50c. for each hack, buggy or other 
vehicle ; for every vehicle let for hire not connected with livery stable, 
$3 ; for every wagon-yard not connected with livery, feed or sale stable, 
$10 ; for every person, firm, etc., dealing in stocks or bills of exchange 
in city or town exceeding 10,000 uihabitants, $75 ; in city or town of 
5,000 inhabitants or less than 10,000, tax of $50 ; in a city or town of 
1,000 or less than 5,000, tax of $20 ; less than 1,000, tax of $10 : from 
every life insurance company, $300 and $10 in every county where they 
do business ; for every fire and marine insurance company, $200 and 
$10 in every county; the state tax from insurance companies to be paid 
to the comptroller, whose certificate shall issue as a receipt, and county 
collector's receipt shall be authority to work in any county in this State 
for which such company has a receipt ; for every wagon of persons deal- 



TAXATION — GENERAL TAX LAWS. 163 

ing in lightning rods $50 for the State and $10 in each county in which 
business is done. For every cotton broker, cotton factor and commis- 
sion merchant in city of over 5,000 inhabitants annual tax of $50, and 
in all other cases $25, provided a merchant who pays an occupation tax 
under section S of this act shall not be considered a cotton Iwoker ; for 
■everj^ pawnbroker $100 ; from every person, firm, etc., canvassing for 
sale of sewing machines or peddling clocks $20 to the State and $10 in 
each county ; provided that a merchant who pays an occupation tax as 
required by this section shall not be required to pay this special tax 
for selling sewiug machines and clocks, the State tax to be paid to the 
•comptroller; from every person, firm, etc., doing an express business 
$750 to be paid to the comptroller, whose certificate of payment is 
evidence of payment of State, county and municipal occupation taxes, 
provided that $250 of said amount to be apportioned pro rata in the 
counties where the companies do business. For any palace sleeping or 
dining-room cars not owned by the railroad company or any railroad in 
Texas an annual tax of $2 per mile for each and every mile of any and 
all railroads in Texas over which such cars may run, to be paid to the 
■comptroller, and no county or municipal tax authorized on such cars. 
From every person, firm, etc., owning or running any railroad cars, 
steamboats or stage coaches in this State, quarterly, first days of Jan- 
uaiy, April, Jul}- and October each j'ear, a tax of one per centum upon 
their gross receipts from all passenger travel within this State, the same 
gross receipts to be returned under oath, regulations for collection to 
be prescribed by the comptroller, but no such county or municipal tax 
shall be collected. From every chartered telegraph company doing 
business in this State one cent for every full rate message and one-half 
•cent for every message less than a full rate message sent, no charge for 
railroad messages for running their trains and for company use, and no 
county or municipal occupation tax authorized. On each gas company 
manufacturing gas $50 ; provided, that the tax levied herein upon sale 
of liquors by retail and beer by retail shall cease October 1, 187l>. 

Section 4 provides that articles 4, 6^6 and 4,668 shall be changed to 
authorize county tax equal to lialf of the State tax, except on occupa- 
tions in which there is a specific rate of taxation, payable to the county 
as fixed in this act ; provided an}- one wishing to pursue for less period 
than a year any of the occupations named for which annual tax is over 
■$10 may do so by paying pro rata for the desired period, but no license 
to issue for less period than three months, and no city or town shall 
levy greater occupation tax than is in this act authorized for counties. 

Section 5 provides that taxes levied l)y tliis act are made payable in 
currency or coin of the United States ; provided that county ad valorem 
tax may l>o jiaid in jury and county scrip of their respective counties. 



164 TEXAS ALMAIiTAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

Section 6 provides that collectors of taxes shall quarterly enter m a 
book returns of taxes for which every person, firm, etc., are liable, 
giving names and amounts, and shall forward duplicate to comptroller, 
quarterly, and fixes penalty of $500 fine to return false or pretended 
transcript. 

Section 7 requires comptroller to furnish collectors' books and blanks- 
necessary to carry into effect the law. 

Section 8 requires payment of the specific tax herein imposed before 
any person shall engage in any occupation taxed, and provides mode of 
collecting arrearages. 

Sections 9 and 10 unimportant. 

BOARD OF EQUALIZATION. 

County commissioners court constituted a board of equalization to 
correct errors and fix valuations in accordance with requirements of the 
constitution. 

An act to better secure the collection of taxes. 

Section 1. Be it enacted by the legislature of the state of Texas,, 
that all real and personal property held or owned by any person in this 
State shall be liable for all state and county taxas due by the owner 
thereof, including taxes on real estate, personal property and poll tax ; 
and the collector of taxes shall levy on any personal or real property to 
be found in his county to satisfy all delinquent taxes, any law to the 
contrary notwithstanding. 

Act authorizing payment of certain taxes at comptroller's office. 

Section 1. Be it enacted by the legislature, etc., that non-residents 
of counties owing State or county taxes are hereby authorized to pay 
the same to the comptroller ; provided that all taxes due by said non- 
residents shall be paid at the comptroller's oflSce on or before the first 
day of January next after the assessment to such taxes ; provided fur- 
ther, that the collectors of taxes shall be entitled to the commissions on 
all moneys paid by non-residents to the comptroller of public accounts 
due their counties respectively. 

SALE OF LAND WHEN TAXES ARE NOT PAID : 

The comptroller on or before the first day of each year, shall make 
lists of lands bought by the State at tax sale in each county, to be 
furnished collectors. Collectors in twenty days shall sell the same for 
taxes and costs due after advertising three weeks a in newspaper, if pub- 
lished in the county, otherwise by posting as usual. They shall be sold 
at public sale to the highest bidder. Sale may be continued ten da3'S 
successively, and if on any day less than three bidders present, may 
adjourn sale to first Tuesday in next month. Deed to be made to pur- 
chaser by collector, which can only be impeached for fraud; provided 



TAXATION — GENERAL TAX LAWS. 165 

the former owner shall have two years thereafter in which to redeem 
said land, paying double taxes. Thirty days after sale the collector 
reports same to county commissioners court and comptroller, and in 
sixty days shall pay taxes collected, the amount due the county into the 
county treasury, and the amount due the State to the comptroller. 

Section 21 of act regulating duties of tax collectors in reference to 
sale, etc., of property of delinquents, is amended to read: 

" Should the collector of taxes fail to make sale of any real estate for 
want of a purchaser, he shall give notice to the by-standers that he will on 
the first Monday of the following month offer said unsold lands for sale, 
and continue the sale from day to day for six successive days, after 
which, should there be any unsold lands, he shall report the fact to 
the comptroller, and shall have a credit for the amount assessed on said 
lands in a settlement of his accounts ; and such lands as are not sold 
shall remain in the hands of the collector, and the owner may pay the 
amount due on said lands, with interest at the rate of 8 per cent per 
annum from date of sale, with accrued costs ; or any other person, on 
the failure of the owner to thus redeem said lands, shall have the right 
to pay the amount due on said lands, with interest and costs." Remain- 
der of section provides for deed by the collector, and right of owner to 
redeem in two years. 

FOR BENEFIT OF DELINQUENT TAX-PATERS. 

Be it enacted, etc., that all persons whose lands have been sold and 
been bought in by the State, shall have the same restored to them, if in 
twelve months from the passage of this act said parties shall pay the 
original taxes thereon, with interest thereon at the rate of eight per 
centum per annum from date of sale, and the accrued costs thereon, 
under such rules and regulations as shall be prescribed by the comptrol- 
ler of the State. 

When bid in by the State, and not redeemed by owner in three years, 
paying double the tax and costs, the land reverts to the public domain, 
and becomes school lands. 

Tax. — Bell Punch Liquor Tax. — The new liquor law, known as the Bell 
Punch Tax, went into effect on the first of October. It is very long 
and minute, consisting of twenty-five sections, and prescribing kow the 
bell punch register shall be arranged and kept. The following is the 
first section : 

Section 1. Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Texas, 
that from and after the first day of October, 1879, all dealers in spiritu- 
ous, vinous and malt liquors less than a quart shall pay a specific occu- 
pation tax of two hundred and fifty dollars per annum, or twenty-five 
dollars on the sale of malt liquors only, and shall pay an occupation tax 



166 TEXSAS ALMANAC AND HANDBOOK. 

of two cents on each drink of alcoholic or vinous liquors, or any admix- 
ture thereof, and an occupation tax of one-half cent upon each drink of 
malt liquors, which shall be sold or drank on the premises of any person 
licensed to sell at retail said alcoholic liquors of malt liquors ; said tax 
to be collected in manner and form as hereinafter provided, which said 
tax when collected shall be paid into the State Treasury : provided tliis 
act shall not be construed to tax any liquors used by any druggist or 
apothecary in compounding any medicines or medicinal preparations. 
This pro\irSO does not apply to any tonic, bitters, etc., of which the chief 
constituent is alcoholic liquor, but simply to tinctures and extracts. 

The specific occupation tax herein provided for, shall be paid to the 
tax collector before any dealer under this act shall be permitted to com- 
mence business, and before the tax collector shall be authorized to fur- 
nish the register, and the tax collector shall enter on his books, when 
paid, such specific occupation tax to the credit of the dealer, and such 
dealer shall not be compelled to pay any tax that shall be due as indi- 
cated by the register, until said credit is exhausted ; provided, that no 
•dealer whose register tax shall be less than his specific tax when his 
license expires shall be entitled to any further credit, rebate or refund- 
ing of said specific occupation tax. 



TEXAS— MODIFICATIONS OF CONSTITUTION. 



EXECUTIVE. 

1836. The President of the Republic was to hold office two years the 
first term ; and after that term three years ; and was ineligible for re- 
election until one term had intervened. The Vice-Pi-esident was Presi- 
dent of the Senate. Nothing said about other executive officers. 

1845. The Governor to hold office for twoj^ears. Nothing said about 
inelio"ibility. The Lieutenant-Governor to be president of the Senate. 
The State Treasurer and Comptroller were elected by the Legislature in 
ioint session. The Attorney-General was nominated by the Governor, 
and confirmed by the Senate. 

1866. First Reconstruction convention. — Governor to hold office four 
years ; but ineligible for more than eight years in a period of twelve 
years. The Lieutenant-Governor was elected at the same time ; and to 
preside over the Senate. The Secretary of State to be nominated by the 
Governor and confirmed by the Senate. The Treasurer and Comptoller 
of the treasury to be elected by the people, and hold office four years. 




OLD CAPITOL. HOUSTON. 




tffil 



^^^i%t 



wnwiMBti 




MASONIC HEADQUARTERS OF STATR, HOUSTON. 



TEXAS — MODIFICATIONS OF CONSTITUTION, 167 

1869. Second Reconstruction convention. — "The executive depart- 
ment of tne Stato shall consist of a chief magistrate who shall be styled 
the Governor, a Lieutenant-Goveirxcr, Secretary of State, Comptroller 
of public accounts. Treasurer, Commissioner of the general land office, 
Attorney-General, and Superintendent of public instruction." The 
Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Treasurer, Comptroller of Treasury, 
Land Commissioner and Superintendent of public instruction to be 
elected by the people, and the Attorney-General and Secretary of State 
to be nominated by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate. All 
held office for four years. 

Convention of 1876. — Provides for the same executive officers as that 
•of 1869, except the office of Superintendent of public instruction, which 
is dispensed with. All to hold office two years, and all elected by the 
people except the Secretary of State, who is nominated by the Governor 
and confirmed by the Senate. 

Veto Power. — All the constitutions invested the Governor with the 
veto power over acts of the Legislature. After the executive veto it 
required a two-thirds vote to pass the bill. The constitutions of 1866, 
1869 and 1876 authorised the Governor to exercise a discriminating 
power over appropriation bills, and to approve some items in said bills, 
and disapprove others, which were stricken out unless they should, sub- 
sequently receive a two-thirds vote. 

JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT. 

1836. The Reimhlic. — Provision for a Supreme and District Courts ; 
with one Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, of which the Judges of 
District Courts were associates. All Judges were elected by joint ballot 
of both houses of Congress, and held office for four years. The consti- 
tution prescribed that there should be not less than three nor more than 
eight judicial districts. A district Attorney was to be appointed for 
each district ; and provision made for County Courts with their Judges, 
and Attorneys, and for Justices of the peace. 

1845. Annexation. — The Supreme Court to consist of one Chief 
Justice and two associates — the Governor to nominate and the Senate to 
confirm; to hold office for six years. (This was subsequently so 
amended that the Judges were elected by the people. ) Provision was 
made for district Judges and Attorney's. 

1866. First Reconstruction. — Provided for one Supreme Court, Dis- 
trict Courts, County Courts, Cori)oration Courts and Criminal Court ; 
all to be elected by the people. And Attorneys for each court as 
well as the Attorney-General to be elected by the people. The Supreme 
Court was composed of five justices, and elected one of their number 
Chief Justice. They continued iu office ten years. Fifteen judicial 



168 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

districts were created. The Judges held office six years. The Attor- 
neys four years. 

1869. Second Reconstruction — Provided for the same number of 
courts as that of 1866, except that County Courts and Attorneys were 
dispensed with, and the probate business transferred to the District 
Courts. The Supreme Court to consist of three Justices — to hold office 
nine years, one going out of office every three years ; the one going out 
first to be the Chief Justice. The Justices of the Supreme Court and 
the district Judges to be appointed by the Governor, by and with the 
advice of the Senate. The sessions of the court to be held at the capital 
— (they had previously been held at two other points.) The district 
Attorneys were elected by the people. Five magistrates' precincts were 
formed in each county, and Justices of the peace to be elected by the 
people. In 1874 the constitution was so amended that the Supreme 
Court was made to consist of five Justices. 

1876. The convention entirely changed the jndicial system ; creating 
a Court of Appeals in addition to the Supreme Court ; the former to 
have jurisdiction over criminal business. The Supreme Court to con- 
sist of one Chief Justice and two associates, elected by the people and 
to hold office for six years. Sessions may be held at two other places 
besides the capital of the State. 

The Court of Appeals was composed of three Judges, elected by the . 
people — to hold office six years ; and to hold its sessions at the same 
places as the Supreme Court. Twenty-six judicial districts were created, 
the Judges to be elected by the people, and hold office four years. The 
Legislature was also authorized to establish Criminal District Courts. 
But the most essential change was in re-establishing the County Courts 
in each county — " The county Judge, who shall be well informed in the 
law of the State," to be elected by the people. County Attorney's were 
to be elected in those counties in which a resident Attorney of a Crim- 
inal or District Court did not reside. The Legislature may provide for 
the election of district Attorneys in such districts as may be deemed 
necessary. 

The Legislature of 1879 created six additional districts, and appointed 
district Attorneys. 

LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT. 

1836. The Rep^d)llc — Congress. — The House of Representative to 
consist of not more than forty, nor less than twenty-four members, until 
the population should amount to one hundred thousand souls ; after 
which the whole number should not be less than forty nor more than 
one hundred, and continue in office one year. The number of Senators 



TEXAS — MODIFICATIONS OF CO.VSTITUTION. 169 

shall not be less thau one-third nor more than one-half the number of 
Representatives — held office for three years — one-third going out each 
year. — Congress held annual sessions. 

1845. Annexation Convention — The Legislature to meet Bi-ennially. — 
The House, until there was a census taken, to consist of sixty-five mem- 
bers. The Senate, until a new enumeration, to consist of nineteen mem- 
bers, and to hold office four years ; on^-half going out every two years. 

1866. The Senate to never have less than nineteen, nor moiie than 
thirty-three members, to hold office four years, one-half going out every 
two years. Number of Representatives to be fixed hy the Legislature 
after each enumeration. 

1869. Provided for thirty Senators ; to hold office six years ; one- 
third going out of office every two years. The House to consist of 
ninety members, to hold office two years ; the Legislature to hold annual 
sessions. 

1876. Biennial sessions of the Legislature restored. The Senate to 
consist of thirty-one members and can never exceed that number ; hold 
•office four years, one-half going out every two years. House of Repre- 
sentatives to be composed of ninety-three members, but may be in- 
creased with the inci'ease of population to one hundred and fifty. Hold 
office two years. 

In most of the Constitutions the Legislature is invested with power 
by a two-thirds vote of each House to address the Governor, for a re- 
moval of judges. The Constitution of 1876 saj^s : " The judges of the 
Supreme Court, Court of Appeals, and District Courts shall be removed 
by the Governor on the address of two-thirds of each House of the Leg- 
islature, for willful neglect of duty, incompetency, habitual drunken- 
ness, oppression in office, or other reasonable cause which shall not be 
sufficient ground for impeachment." The Supreme Court is also in- 
vested with authority to remove incompetent or corrupt judges of infe- 
rior tribunals. 

AMENDMENT TO THE CONSTITUTION. 

A good deal of dissatisfaction had been expressed with one of the 
requirements of the State Constitution — that which enjoined what was 
popularly called the Smoke House Tax, and the Sixteenth Legislature, 
on the 26th of April, 1879, passed a bill providing for an amendment, 
as follows : 

'■'■ Joint Resolution amending article eight (8) of the Constitution of the 
State of Texas, hy adding a neio section to be section 19. 

" Section 1. Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Texas, 
That article eight (8) of the Constitution of the State of Texas be 



170 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

amended by adding a new section, to be styled Section 19, to read as 
follows : Section 19 — Farm products in the hands of the producer, and 
family supplies for home and farm use, are exempt from all taxation 
until otherwise directed by a tjro-thirds vote of all the members elect to 
both houses of the Legislature." 

By a proclamation of Governpr Roberts the general election which 
the above bill provided for was held on the first Tuesday [second day] 
of September, 1879. At the election only about one-eighth of the 
voters of the State went to the polls. Of those voting 38,606 voted for 
the amendment, and 4,127 against it. On the 14th of October, Gov- 
ernor Roberts issued his proclamation, announcing that a majority of 
the votes cast were for the amendment, and declared it a part of the 
Constitution. 

COLLECTORS OF INTERNAL REVENUE. 

There are three United States internal revenue districts in Texas. 
1. That of Galveston, W. H. Sinclair, Collector. 2. Austin, B. C. 
Ludlow, Collector. 3. East Texas, A. G. Malloy, Collector. 

Judge Amos P. Foster, Austin, is special agent in charge of postal 
affairs in Texas. 



BIOGRAPHICAL— MEMBERS OF SUPREME AND AP- 
PELLATE COURTS. 



SUPREME COURT. 



Geor«e F. Moore, of Austin, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of 
Texas was born in Elbert County, Georgia, in 1823 — studied at the uni- 
versity of Virginia and at Cambridge. In 1846 soon after receiving 
license to practice law, he emigrated from Alabama to Texas and settled 
first at Crockett and afterward at Anderson. In 1856 he removed to 
Austin, but left that city two years later for Nacogdoches. At the 
breaking out of the war he entered the Confederate service as Colonel of 
the seventeenth regiment of Texas vohinteers. In 1863 he was made 
associate justice of the supreme court ; and was in 1866 elected chief 
justice, but was displaced by the military authorities. At the reorgan- 
ization of the supreme court after the inauguration of Governor Coke 
in January 1874, Judge Moore was appointed associate justice; and was 
elected to the same position in 1875. At the election November 5, 1878 
he was elected to his i)resent position. 



BIOGRAPHICAL. 171 

Robert S. Gould, of Galveston, Associate Justice of the Supreme 
Court i& a native of Alabama, educated at the university of his native 
State. He immigrated to Texas about the year 1851, and commenced 
the practice of his profession in Leon county, and was soon afterward 
elected district attorney. He was next elected district judge — a position 
he resigned at the commencement of the war to take command of a 
battalion of Confederate troops. He received a severe wound in the 
battle of Jenkins ferry. At the close of the war, returning to his old 
home he was again elected district judge ; but was, with Governor 
Throckmorton, removed as "an impediment to reconstruction." In 
1871 he removed to Galveston and in 1874 was appointed one of the 
associate justices of the supreme court, and was elected to the same 
position in 1876. 

MiCAjAH Hubbard Bonner, of Tyler, associate Justice of the 
Supreme Coui-t, was born at Greenville, Alabama, January 25th, 1828. 
Emigrated with the family of his father, Rev. Wm. A Bonner, to 
Holmes County, Mississippi in 1835. His principle education was re- 
ceived at LaGrange, Kentucky. After receiving license to practice law 
in Lexington, Mississippi, he, in January, 1849, immigrated to Texas 
and commenced the practice of his profession at Marshall ; the same 
year he married Miss Bettie P. Taylor, and soon afterward removed to 
Rusk, Cherokee County, where as one of the firm of Shanks & Bonner 
assisted in laying the foundation of that large practice which the law 
Qrm of Bonner & Bonner subsequently carried on — one of the largest 
in eastern Texas. Before the firm dissolved it was composed of M. H. 
Bonner and his two brothers, F. M. Bonner, who is still the representa- 
tive of the old firm at Rusk, and Col. Thomas R. Bonner, speaker of the 
House of Representatives of the XVth Legislature, and W. H. Bonner, 
(now deceased,) son of M. H. Bonner. The location of a branch of 
the Supreme Court, and of the U. S. District Court at Tyler, and the 
connection of Tyler with the railroad system of the State induced the 
firm to establish a branch of their business at Tyler, where all the old 
members removed, except F. W. Bonner. M. H. Bonner removed to 
Tyler early in 1873, and was appointed Judge of the tenth judicial dis- 
trict, February 16th, 1874. In 1876 he was elected Judge of the seventh 
district ; and in 1878 elected one of the Justices of the Supreme Court. 

appellate court. 

M. D. Ector, of Marshall, presiding Justice of the Appellate Court, 
is a native of Georgia, born in 1822 ; was educated at Center College, 
Danville, Kentucky ; studied law at Greenville in his native State and 
sei*ved one term in the Georgia Legislature. He immigrated to Texas 
and settled at Henderson, Rusk County in 1850, and represented that 



172 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

county one term in the Legislature. In 1861 entered the confederate 
service as a private in company B, third Texas cavalry, and was elected 
First Lieutenant. He rose successively to the rank of Colonel and 
Brigadier-General in the Army of the Cumberland. At the battle of 
Atlanta he was severely wounded, losing his left limb. At the close 
of the war returned to the practice of his profession, and in 18G6 was 
elected district Judge, but was removed with Gov. Throckmorton and 
other State officers, by Gen. Reynolds. In 1874 he was appointed Judge 
of the sixth district, and in 1876 elected one of the Justices of the 
Appellate Court. 

Judge Ector died October 29, 1879, and on the next day Governor 
Roberts appointed Hon. George Clark, who had been Attorney General 
of the State under Coke's administration, to the vacant Judgeship. 

John P. White, of Seguin, one of the Justices of the Court of Ap- 
peals, was born in Abingdon, Va., in 1829; was educated at Emory 
and Henry College, and studied law at the Virginia University. He 
immigrated to Texas in 1853 and engaged in the practice of his profes- 
sion at Seguin, Guadalupe County. He entered the Confederate ser- 
vice as a Captain in Garland's regiment. He was captured at Arkansas 
Post. On being exchanged, was ordered to the army of Tennessee, 
where he remained until the close of the war. Returning to his home, 
he resumed the practice of his profession. In 1874 he was appointed 
Judge of the Twenty-second District ; and in 1876 elected to his present 
position. 

C. M. Winkler, of Corsicana, one of the Justices of the Court of 
Appeals, was born in North Carolina, October 19, 1827. His early 
educational advantages were but limited. In 1840 he came to Texas 
and settled in Robertson County, where, two years later, he was elected 
a Justice of the Peace. He read iaw in the office of Chas. H. Raj'mond 
and Henry J. Jewett in Franklin, ancf was licensed to practice in Rob- 
ertson County in 1844. After representing that count}- in the second 
Legislature he removed to Corsicana, Navarro County, in 1847. He 
entered the Confederate army as a private and was elected Captain of 
Company I, Hood's 4th Texas. At Gettysburg he, as Lieutenant Col- 
onel, commanded the regiment ; and was with it at the surrender at 
Appomattox. Returning home, he was a member of the 'Hiirteenth 
Legislature ; and in 1876 was elected one of the Justices of the Court 
of Appeals. 

COMMISSIONERS COURT OE ERRORS. 

The Constitution provides that the Legislature may create Commis- 
sioners' Courts ; and the accumulation of business on the docket of the 



BIOGRAPHICAL. 173 

Supreme Court induced the Legislature to create such a Court for the 
adjudication of such cases as might be transferred from the Supreme 
Court. On the 8th of October, Governor Roberts appointed as Com- 
missioners of the new Court, Hon. Richard S. Walker, of Nacogdoches ; 
Hon. A. S. Walker, of Austin, and Hon. George Quinan, of Wharton. 
The Court met and organized in Tyler, Judge Richard S. Walker pre- 
siding. On the 21st of October the Supreme Court, then in session in 
Tyler, affirmed the constitutionality of the act creating the new Court, 
and it proceeded to regular business. 

BIOGRAPHIES OF COMMISSIONERS OF COURT OF ERRORS. 

Richard S. Walker was born in Kentucky, in 1824, but in early life 
removed to Louisiana, and was educated at the Centenry College ; 
studied law at the Transylvania Law School, and came to Texas in 1846 
and settled at San Augustine. In 1849 he removed to Nacogdoches, 
which is still his home. For six years he held the office of District At- 
torney ; was then appointed a reporter for the Supreme Court. In 1866 
he was a member of the Constitutional Convention, and was immedi- 
ately afterwards placed on the bench as Judge of the Nacogdoches Dis- 
trict, and was the District Judge when selected by Governor Roberts 
for his present position. 

A, S. Walker was born in Rockbridge County, Virginia, in 1829, 
but removed to the West and graduated in South Hanover College, In- 
diana ; came to Texas in 1852 and studied law in the office of J. Pinck 
ney Henderson, and was admitted to the bar in 1853. In 1858 was 
elected a District Attorney, and in 1862 Judge of the Seventeenth Dis- 
trict ; was removed when the Throckmorton administration was dis- 
placed by General Sheridan. Since that period his home has been at 
the State capital, where he has practiced his profession in partnership 
with M. H. Bowers. In 1874 he was appointed one of the reporters of 
the Supreme Court. 

George Quixan is a native of Ireland, where he received a liberal 
classical education ; came to Texas about 1840, and at first found em- 
ployment in the commercial house of R. & D. G. Mills, in Brazoria. 
Not fancying the life of a merchant, he studied law, and engaged in the 
pnicdee in the district including the counties of Wharton, Brazoria, 
Fort Bend, Matagorda, etc. He has been a successful practitioner, 
and has represented his district in the State Senate. 



174 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

LAWLESSNESS AND CRIME. 



It cannot be denied that there is too much lawlessness and crime in 
Texas, and that the tendency of the criminal classes is towards blood- 
shed and acts of violence. 

As to duelling, that has been entirely suppressed since 1846, as since 
that period every man who sends, carries, or accepts a challenge to figli; 
a duel, is by that act disfranchised from ever holding any important 
office in any department of the State government. And in general, the 
laws of Texas are as stringent as those of other States, and about as 
rigidly enforced. 

"We admit, however, that there is entirely too much lawlessness in 
portions of the state, and that there are a fearful number of homicides. 
There are reasons why this is the case. 

Texas is a frontier country. On the whole southwest a river that 
during most of the year can be readily forded, forms the boundary 
between Texas and Mexico ; while on the north a similar stream sepa- 
rates us from the Indian Territory. Men may commit crimes on either 
side of these streams and find comparative security by crossing them. 
Desperate men and outlaws naturally float to such localities. Again, 
the unsettled portions of Texas afford shelter for a similar class. The 
deep, almost impenetrable canyons, the mountain fastnesses, and cedar 
brakes of the northwest afford convenient retreats for such characters. 
From these inaccessible points they occasionally issue and commit their 
crimes, and disappear again. These are the parties that do most of the 
robbing upon the frontier. They will soon be broken up. Indeed most 
of them have already been dispersed. 

The murders in Texas are not the result of political animosities, or of 
race prejudices. If there has been a murder in ten years in Texas on 
account of party strife, it has not been reported in the papers. Since 
the war the present writer has had his domicil for a time in counties 
having a large colored population, he stood in the ranks with scores of 
colored men, marching up to the polls to vote. To all appearance the 
colored voter excercised the elective franchise as freely as his white 
neio-hbor. Again we have lived in communities where, in addition to the 
white American and the Negro there were also many Germans, Mexicans, 
Frenchmen, Italians, P^nglishmen, &c. There was no appearance of 
race prejudices or di^isions. Every man voted his preferred ticket 
without let or hindrance. And this is the rule in Texas. If there is 
any exception it has never come to the knowledge of the writer. 

Men of different races are occasionally killed in Texas, but they arc 
generally kUled by those of their own race ; and simply because they, 







TRADING WITH THE INDIANS. 




MEXICANts. 



LAWLESSNESS AND CRIME. 175 

by a law of affinity, associate with each other, and when disputes 
arise it is among themselves. Of course there are some exceptions to 
this rule. 

If the qiiestion is asked, why are so many murders committed in Texas ? 
We answer : Many of them result from stimulating bad passions with 
bad whiskey. Others grow out of disputes aboue property ; as to the 
ownership of stock when tlie brand has become indistinct, or has possi- 
bly been altered. Still another, and a class which has furnished some 
of the most notable cases — has originated from love and jealousy. 
Many murders are th6 result of petty quarrels, and sudden passion, and 
a habit still entirely too common, of carrying deadly weapons. In a 
few instances, men who claim to be good citizens, fearing that criminals 
might escape punishment, have joined and wrested them from the of- 
ficers of the law, and put them to death — a crime much worse than 
ordinary murder, as the criminal already arrested, is entitled to the pro- 
tection which the law affords him, as well as exposed to its penalties. 

During the year 1879, six criminals have been executed upon the gal- 
lows. It is confidentl}'' expected that this vigorous administration of 
the laws will check the tendency to bloodshed and murder. 

But notwithstanding the number of homicides reported in our state, 
the quiet, sober, citizen, who attends to his business is as safe in Texas 
as in any part of the Ataerican continent. 



POMOLOGICAL FAIR. 



For several years past an annual Pomological fair has been held in 
the city of Houston. We cop}' a notice of the one held there in July, 
1879, from the Houston correspondent of the Galveston News : 

Houston, July 26. — I attended the fair of the Texas Pomological 
society, not so much to please my eye with the pretty things exhibited, 
as to solve some questions in regard to fruit culture in Texas. Some 
varieties of the different fruits flourish remarkably in some sections, and 
will not do at all in other sections. My object was to find out the vari- 
eties which are best for Texas. The exhibition furnished a good oppor- 
tunity to determine these points. There were fruits from as far west as 
Gonzales, as far north as the Red river, as far south as tne gulf, and as 
far east as the Sabine. In regard to 

GRAPES, 

all the exhibitors declared that those varieties included under the class 
vitis cistivalis are the best for Texas, and in fact the only cultivated 



176 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

;grapes that are worthy of much attention in Texas. Of these the Lenoir 
and Herbemont are best. They suffer from no diseases, may always be 
relied upon for abundant crops, and are excellent both for wine and the 
table. Indeed for table use I question if there is a grape in the world 
:Superior to the Herbemont. The Lenoir is universally known in these 
parts as the Burgundy grape. How it got that name I don't know. It 
certainly never came from Burgundy. It is a native southern grape, 
as most of the varieties of the vitis oestivalis are. It is not called the 
Burgundy anywhere except in Texas. It may have got its name here 
from some Frenchman, who found that it made a wine as good as that 
of Burgundy, and much like it. The grape is medium size and black, 
growing in large, luscious bunches. The Heremont is a shade larger, 
of a light, pinkish color, also growing in big bunches. It is sweeter 
t'lan the Lenoir or Burgundy, so called, though both are sweet enough. 
The Herbemont makes a light-colored wine and the Lenoir a rich claret. 
Both are adapted to vineyard culture in Texas, and therefore a great 
boon to us. 

Of the varieties of vitis labrusca, which include the Concord, Catawba, 
Isabella, Hartford, etc., the testimony of the fair is not favorable. 
There were splendid grapes exhibited of all these varieties, but nearly 
all the exhibitors confessed that they won't do to tie to. They say 
they may do handsomely for two or three years in succession, and then 
take the mildew or rot and die. Of the class labrusca tiie Concord is 
considered the most hardy and reliable. The Scuppernong, of the order 
vitis rotundi folia, was also without favorable report. It lives and bears 
fruit well, but its tendency is to degenerate to the wild muscadine. 
The writer of this was born and raised in a Scuppernong country, but 
he has never seen that grape in Texas wliich was not a miserable parody 
■on the vScuppernong he was used to in his youth. It ceases to be a 
Scuppernong after crossing the Mississippi. There were some Malaga 
grapes exhibited which looked well and were said to be as good as the 
imj^orted fruit, but no one has yet had experience enough with them to 
say whether they are worthy of much attention or not. They are of the 
class vitis vivefera, and none of that class have succeeded anywhere in 
the United States except California. 

THE PEAR. 

The unanimus verdict was that the American seedlings, such as Bart- 
lett and Clopp's favorite, are best for Texas, and next to these the 
French seedlings, the Duchess, Louise Bonne, Beurre Clairgeau and 
Beurre Superfiu. These are all of line flavor and size, and do as well 
here as anywhere in the world. A difiiculty with me in pear-growing 
has been that tlie trees would bloom out in fall, producing a crop that 



POMOLOGI-CAL FAIR. 177 

would never mature, and thus injuring the bearing at the proper season. 
I learned that the proper way to prevent this is by summer pruning. 
Do this and there will be no fall blossoms, and all the vigor of the trees 
will be reserved for their work in spring. Mr. A. Whitaker, of Hous- 
ton, who has been engaged in fruit culture here over twenty years, is so 
well pleased with the pear that he is planting an orchard of 30,000 trees 
below Houston on the bayou. 

THE PEACH. 

There are a multitude of varieties which do splendidly in Texas, but 
all the exhibitors declare, without a single qualification, that the best 
for us is the Chinese cling and its varieties. As grown in Texas it is the 
grandest peach in the world, unsurpassed in looks, unsurpassed in flavor, 
and unsurpassed in productiveness. How different it is in the north ! 
I attended a fair of the American institute in New York and inquired 
particulai'ly about this peach. They told me it was unfit to cultivate, 
being feeble of growth, uncertain, and the fruit scarcely eatable from 
the abundance of prussic acid it contained. 

THE APPLE. 

There was only one variety whicli the exhibitors bestowed much 
praise on. It is the early harvest, a variety of horse apple. It is a real 
good sprightly apple, but rots very soon after maturity. The red astra- 
can was also praised some, but there was no great disposition to exalt 
Texas as an apple State. The probability is that we shall be dej^end- 
ent always upon the northern States for our apples, at least for winter 
■eating. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

There was a world of figs, pomegranates, oranges, etc. For the two 
former Texas can not be beat. The day will come when we will be a 
great exporter of dried figs. There weA-e no plums or cherries — not the 
fault of the climate, certainly, but the fault of the people. There was a 
watermelon from Fort Bend weighing 71 pounds and another weighing 
■65. There were only six bottles of wine exhibited. These were made 
of the Concord grapes by Dr. Perl, of this city. It was a beautiful 
amber colored wine, thin and delicate, suitable for the ladies, but not 
hefty enough for men. The Concord can not compare with our grand 
old mustang as a wine grape. Indeed, there are not many grapes in the 
world that can beat the old mustang for wine, when handled by those 
who understand the business. I have drank mustang wine so good that 
I can hardly pass a vine of it in tlie woods without touching m}^ hat to 
it. Glory to the old mustang! It is not creditable to Texas that there 
was so little wine at this fair. 



178 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

Fort Bend laid everything in the shade. Her exhibit of products wa& 
imposing: Sugar-cane, corn, cotton, fruits and melons of all kinds, 36 
different varieties of native nutritious grasses, 54 varieties of timber 
cut from her forests, a world of the most beautiful honey ever seen, 
specimens of her rocks and specimens of her soils. It "was the finest 
exhibit by a single county that I ever saw." 

Perhaps this correspondent has rather too sweeping a condemnation 
of the Texas apple. Our readers will recollect that the fair was helcl 
in July : too early for any except the earliest varieties of apples. We 
have seen very '"■i • npples, produced in paying quantities in Burlesoit 
County, 



POMOLOGICAL INTERESTS IN THE SOUTH-WEST, 



BY GILBERT ONDERDONK, MISSION VALLEY, VICTORIA COUNTY, TEXAS. 

Grapes. — After gathering information in Texas by observation and 
correspondence for nearly thirty years, and experimenting carefully for 
twenty years upon my pi'esent premises I have become fully established 
in the conclusion that few counties are better adapted to successful 
^•ape culture than the State of Texas. In speaking thus I do not mean 
to be understood to say that every variety is successful here. In every 
grape country a very feiv varieties comprise the list of 'profitable grapes. 
The Warren or Herbemont, and the Lenois or Black Spanish known in 
some parts of Texas as ''Burgundy," are proven to be valuable all over 
the State. These varieties belong to a subdivision of the Southern 
Aestivale's family, and the most promising candidates for public favor 
here belong to the same class. 

While some varieties of foreign grapes, (^Vitis Vinifera) have given- 
satisfaction in neighborhoods not yet infested by phylloxera, yet the 
iMstory of these agents of destruction indicates that no corner will re- 
main exempt from their ravages. Tlierefore we may expect these varie 
ties to be, at no remote period, banished from our midst unless they can 
be preserved upon some stock not subject to the assaults of phylloxera. 
The climate of Southern P>ance seems to mucliresemble that of Texas — 
and now the leading vineyanlists of that country are making every pos- 
sible effort to reconstruct their ])erishing vineyard (of Vitis Viniferay 
with plants of Southern Aestivolis varieties from Texas. 



POMOLOGICAL INTERESTS IN THE SOUTH-WEST. 179 

Figs. — The fig seems quite at home in Southern Texas, and with but 
little care devoted to protection can be successfully raised in any part 
of the State. It seems strange to me that every body does not raise a 
plenty of figs. 

Plums. — For varieties of the Chickasaw type this State cannot be sur- 
passed. It is true that varieties of the European family uniformly fail. 
But with the Early Red for the first week in May — the Jennie Lucas for 
the middle of the month — the African and Wild Goose for June — the 
Indian Chief for July, the Golden Beauty for August — and with a num- 
ber of other promising varieties interspersed we have a good collection 
of plumbs for Texas homes, and, I fancy also, for more distant markets. 

Peaches. — Although it is true that varieties of the common or Persian 
strain, which are cultivated by the northern and eastern nurserymen, 
are quite worthless on the coast and not very reliable in the interior — 
yet varieties of the Spanish strain are a perfect success wherever planted 
in suitable situations. Experiments suggest that the Chinese strain 
will also prove equally adopted. With the development before us we 
need not hesitate to assert boldly that we live in one of the best peach 
regions of the continent. 

Pears. — In every region, profitable pear culture is confined to a small 
number of varieties. I am entirely satisfied that all we lack is time and 
experience t© ascertain which are our varieties. Already our Duchesse 
d'Angoubine will show with those of any country. On our own prem- 
ises we seldom fail to raise samples measuring twelve inches in circum- 
ference, and unsurpassed flavor. Our Bartletts and Beurre Bose are 
fully up to variety elsewhere. Our Harvest pears are the admiration of 
all who see them, and praised by all who eat them. We are testing 
fift}^ varieties on our premises. We have a number of certain value, 
and still others of promise. We have never yet had a ease of blight. 
Our success has been such that we have extended our pear orchard to 
six hundred and fifty trees, and intend still to enlai-ge. 

EFFECTS OF DROUTH. 

I am often asked conc&rning the effects of the drouth of the present 
year upon the fruits of the establishment. I will preface my reply with 
a statement of the fact that cmr ground teas all ivell cultivnted. Our plum 
crop was quite a failure, but not on account of the drouth. Our fig crop 
was splendid. The onlj' effect of the drouth was to ripen them a little 
earlur than i siial Our first peaches were gathered on the ninth of May. 
Our peaches ripening up to the middle of June did not suffer. Varieties 
after June 15th ripened earlier than usual, and were below their proper 
size, as well as quality. When the rain came during the first week of 
August, our August and September varieties cracked so badly as to be 



180 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

unfit for market, and most of them were lost. The October varieties- 
were not injured and still seem to be doing well (Aug. 27th.) 

Our pears and apples did not seem to be at all affected by the drouth. 
Trees of every kind are uninjured except that the growth is less than it 
would have been in a more growing year. Our nursery stock is therefore 
lighter than it otherwise would have been, but the quality is not impair- 
ed. While our crop of such plants as we raise from cuttings, especially 
grape plants, is a small one, yet all other plants produced are equal to- 
those of an ordinary year as they are less crowded. 

A dry season is best for an established vineyard of our varieties upon 
good ground. Therefore, as might be expected, our grapes were very- 
fine this year. 

While the terrible drouth of 1879 has produced disastrous effects up- 
on the interests of the State, and will long be remembered by our peo- 
ple, yet it has taught valuable lessons. In horticulture I value the 
teaching of this year, as I have, in some experiments, been favored with 
the severest tests of our climate. 

j^OTE. — Corpus Christi is about seventy-five miles south-west of Mis- 
sion Valley. Near this city Mr. Hatch has a nursery. We had no rain 
during the months of June or July, but notwithstanding the severe 
droughth in the middle of July, Mr. Hatch's grapes, especially those of 
the Warren and Black Spanish varieties, matured well andripened with 
great uniformity, some of the Bunches weighed about a pound, and the 
fruit was most delicious. These illustrations show conclusively that 
Texas is destined to become one of the finest grape and wine producing 
countries on the continent. 

Near Ruterville, Fayette County, Mr. Nilderhauer, in Biegel's settle- 
ment, got 42 gallons of wine last year from seven Herbemont vines,, 
which were seven or eight years old. 



TEXAS CHRONOLOGY— FROM NOVEMBER 1, 1878, TO 
NOVEMBER 1, 1879. 



November, 1878. — 5. General State election ; Democrats elected 
entire State ticket; see vote for Governor in statistics. 1. Armed, 
masked men robbed a store in Williamson County, at Circle\'ille. 
14. Governor Hubbard revokes quarantine orders. 17. After a 
long drouth, western Texas visited witli general rains. 23. Stage 
robbed near Fort Concho. 28. Observed as a general Thanksgiv- 
ing day througliout the State. 



TEXAS CHKONULOGY. 181 

December. — 6. Stage robbed near Marion. 23. Indians from Fort .SilF 
reported in northern Texas. General Treveno and staff, of the 
Mexican army, visited San Antonio, Galveston, etc. Weather 
unusually cold during Christmas week. G. C. & S. F. railroad 
opened to Richmond, but owing to the destruction of the Brazos 
bridge by a flood, not ready for general business. 

1879. — January 1. Cold intense, especially in northern Texas ; many 
cattle and sheep perish. George M'Cormick becomes attorne}- 
general, and Thomas Ball assistant. 6. Penitentiary at Rusk com- 
pleted according to contract. 16. Contract signed to complete 
railroad from Houston to New Orleans ; after which work was 
vigorously prosecuted. 17. Legislature met. 21. Roberts and 
Sayres inaugurated Governor and Lieutenant Governor. J. B. 
Jones appointed Adjutant General. 24. Ed. Hobby elected pres- 
ident of the Senate pro tem. 25. Fire at Huntsville ; buildings ad- 
joining penitentiary burned. 26. Severe rain storm in many places. 
Lockhart visited by a tornado ; one child killed ; thirty-nine build- 
ings, including the Methodist and Presbyterian churches, destroyed. 
Tornado also did considerable damage at Cook's Point, Burleson 
county. A robbing party visited Kerr county. 

February. — 20. Legislature passed bill for the erection of a new State 
House. 21. Congress passed bill creating the northern judicial 
district of Texas. 22. Colored department of agricultural college 
at Hempstead closed for want of patronage. 25. Town of Taylors- 
ville very much damaged by a fire. 28. Stage robbed near Fort 
Worth. 

March. — 1. Denison and Pacific road opened to Whitesborough. Also 
road from Navasota opened to Plantersville. It is proposed to 
extend the road westward to Brenham, to connect with the Santa Fe 
road. 20. Fire in Tyler. 26. An organized band of robbers near 
Fort Griffin. 30. Five men killed near Stephensville, in a fight 
with desperadoes. Very little rain during the month and a general 
complaint of drouth. 

April. — Slight frost in northern Texas. 14. Fire at Cuero; loss $40, - 
000. Dr. Rutherford appointed State health oflicer. 15. Gulf, 
Colorado and Santa Fe railroad sold to Galveston syndicate. C. 
Upson elected to Congress from the sixth district. Heavy rains 
and severe tornado in Dallas and surrounding country. 19. L. J. 
Storey elected president, pro tern., of the Senate. 21. Texa-s vet- 
eran association met in Gelveston. 23. General rains in eastern 
Texas. Trains on railroads detained by floods. 23. Governor 



182 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

Roberts vetoed items of appropriation bills. Legislature adjourned 
25th. State quarantine declared against places south of twenty- 
five degrees, north latitude. 25. Unprecedented flood at Houston, 
sweeping away bridges, and doing other damage. 

May. — 1. East Line railroad completed to Sulphur Springs. 20. Un- 
usually hot for the season ; thermometer in some places rising to 
over 100 in the shade. 27. First car load of wheat shipped for the 
season from Dallas to Galveston. 

June. — 10. Legislature met in called session. 15. Pai'tial rains. 21. 
A water spout did great damage at Fort Griffin and Albany ; several 
lives lost. 

July. — 1. Tom. Peak, of the Rangers, had a fight with Indians near 
the head of North Concho. 2. First bale of new cotton reached the 
market. Houston waterworks completed. 9. Fire in Houston. 
10. Legislature adjourned. Cotton worms reported on the Lower 
Brazos farms. 25. Rigid quarantine enforced against Memphis 
and other infected places. 27. Law for more rigid observance of 
Sunday went into operation. 31. Lee Hall appointed to organize a 
police company in the southwest. Geo. W. Bajlor to command a 
frontier company at El Paso. Edwin Hobby to be Judge of the 
3 1st district. 

August. — 9. General rain throughout the State. 19. Lower Rio 
Grande overflowed. 26. Severe storm on the coast in east Texas, 
doing damage at Oiange, Sabine Pass, etc. 27-29. Controversy 
between Houston and Galveston on the subject of quarantine. 
Terminated by the Governor, who annulled the quarantine declared 
by Houston against Galveston. 30. Fire at Calvert ; several horses 
burned up in a liver}' stable. 

September. — 1. John S. Ford appointed superintendent of the Deaf and 
Dumb Asylum — vice Henry M'CuUoeh, resigned. 5. Waxahachie 
tap road opened for business. 11. The C. C. & Rio Grande road 
opened to San Diego, 53 miles from Corpus Christi. 20. School 
Board apportioned $714,000 to schools ; about $3 to each pupil. 
23. Grasshoppers appeared in the neighborhood of Weatherford. 
27. Fire at Belton ; loss $103,000. Palestine lit with gas. J. H. 
Dinkins appointed fish commissioner by Governor Roberts. 29. 
A fire at Waxahachie. Several buildings burned. 

^X'tober. — 1. Bell punch law went into effect. 4. General M'Kenzie, 
of the 4th Cavahy, coninianding the district of the Nueces, ordered 
with his regiment to Colorado, to fight Ute Indians. Col. D. S. 
Stanley, of the Twentj'-second Infantry, became commander of the 



NECROLOGY. 183 

district in place of General M'Kenzie, with headquarters at Fort 
Clark. 6. Sam Houston Normal School, at Huntsville, opened 
with fifty students. 8. Members of the Commissioners' Court of 
Errors appointed by Governor Roberts (see Court of Errors). 10. 
Bridge across Brazos river at Richmond for Santa Fe railroad com- 
pleted. Grasshoppers appeared in some counties in northern Texas. 
20. Governor Roberts decided that the charter of Galveston gave 
that city the right in quarantine matters to control Bolivar Chan- 
nel. 25. Quarantine restrictions removed between Indianola and 
New Orleans. 28. Prof. H. H. Smith, of Houston, appointed 
principal of the Sam Houston Normal School, vice B. Mallon, 
deceased. 30. Hon. George Clark appointed one of the Justices 
of the Court of Appeals, vice Justice Ector, deceased. 81. Gal- 
veston Board of Health removed all quarantine restrictions. 



NECROLOGY— FROM NOVEMBER 1, 1878 TO NOVEM- 
BER 1, 1879. 



NovKMBER, 187ft. — Dr. A. J. Gilder, of Lee county; Rufus E. Camp- 
bell, of Austin county ; Dr. C. W. Tait and Geo. P. Halyard, of 
Colorado; E. P. Wood, of Corsicana; D. J. Baldwin, of Houston ; 
Josoi)h J. Srygle}^ of Red River ; D. R. Wortham and Dr. F. Jones, 
of ^\'aco ;HoratioChriesman, of Burleson. 

December. — John S. Williams, of Harrison ; William Robinson, of 
Walker ; Dr. II. C. Parker, of Houston ; Ed. Ohler, Corpus Christi ; 
W. II. Magill, of Burnett; John Kennedy, Sr., Houston; Henry 
Khlan, Brownsville ; James James, Parker Co. ; Friendly Grubbs, 
(Mier prisoner.) John Ryon, San Patric'o. 

1879. — January. — Gustave Schleicher, (see biograph3^) George Han- 
cock, Austin — a San Jacinto veteran; Robert J. Davis, Alexia; 
J. W. Ogden, M'Lennan Co. ; Owen Gaffney, San Patricio; E. H. 
Cnshing, Houston ; Mrs. Joseph Bates, Brazoria Co. ; W. F. II. 
Aloxantler, Wharton ; A. B. Earlc}^, Grimes Co. ; Elizabeth Dallas, 
Independence. 

February. — Z. Nofton, Tyler ; Thomas B. Davis, Brazoria Co. ; E. Baker, 
Calvert; P. J. Bicsenbach, San Antonio; J. M. Fauquhar, Fayette 
C'o. ; F. A. Blucher, Corpus Christi; F. Gilbeau, of Bexor; Sher- 
laan Reynolds. Btistrop ; Thomas A. Dwyer, San Antonio ; Henry 
Viisterhng, of Llano Co. ; J. Warren Bell, formerly of Galveston. 



184 TEXAS ALMAXAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

March.— Ammon Burr, of Dallas ; Dr. J. W. M'Guire, Belton ; W. T, 
Wittington, Belton ; John T. Lawson, Grimes Co. ; J. C. Day, 
Liberty Co. ; Eude Gritton, veteran, of Goliad Co. ; Phillip Stock- 
ton, formerl}' of Galveston. 

April. — Charles Jordt, veteran of Colorado Co. ; Richard Power, of 
Nueces Co. ; H. De St. Cyr, formerl}^ of Galveston ; Jacob Wurs- 
bach, San Antonio ; O. H. Wilcox, veteran, Austin ; Robert M. 
Tevis, Galveston ; Rev. J. D. Porter, Presbyterian, of San Augus- 
tine ; A. B. Small, Houston ; Rev. W. F. Comptom, of Leon Co. ; 
Samuel Lawrence, veteran, of Burleson Co. ; Major Pace, Walker 
Co. ; Elder A. Samuel, veteran, of Walker Co. 

May. — W. B. Leigh, San Antonio; B. Willis, Rockwall; Alexander 
Walters, veteran, of Bell Co. 

June. — F. C. Taylor, of Tom Green Co. ; Geo. W. Chapman, veteran, 
of Atascosa Co. ; Dr. Wm. Thompson, of Dallas : Wm. Pelham, of 
Travis Co. ; Rev. T. H. Smith, Pilot Point; E. B. Noble, Hous- 
ton ; Rev. G. W. G. Brown, Austin ; Jeremiah Galvan, Brownsville. 

July. — A. W. Canfield, of Orange; Valentine Colimer, Castroville; 
J. J. M'Bryde, Galveston ; G. W. Patterson, Uvalde. 

August. — W. F. Faris, Clerk Court of Appeals, Austin ; Rev. J. B. 
Harris, Belton ; Henry Sheppard, Indianola ; H, H. Gaines, of 
Jacksboro ; M. J. Massie, Houston ; Gen. John B. Hood, (see biog- 
raphy.) John W. Bunton, (see biography.) 

September. — Lewis Lashe, of Hays Co. : Mrs Marcia A. Raguet, aged 
87 — widow of Henry Raguet ; J. P. M'Kinney, veteran of Travis 
Co. ; Elder D. P. Everett, of Grimes Co. ; Dr. J. J. Ganslen, San 
Antonio; Rev. Drury Womack, Centerville ; Sam Dodge, formerly 
of Galveston ; Austin Dupuy, of Jackson Co. ; James A. Barker, 
of Milam Co. ; John T. Shanks, veteran, of DeWitt ; J. M. Garza, 
of San Antonio ; A. C. M'Keen, Galveston — raised the first com- 
pany for service in First Texas in Virginia; and originated the plan 
for retaking Galveston Island from the Federals in 1862. John 
Grossman, Boen.e. 

October. — Peter Rheiner, of Uvalde; John M. Wade — (see sketch.) W. 
E. Randle, of Washington ; P. C. Ahren, of Jefferson ; Dr. F. 
M. Cole, of Longview ; David Wakelee of Galveston ; Sterling C. 
Robertson — (see sketch.) J. D. Templeton, Sheriff of Franklin 
County ; B. Mallon--(see sketch.) J. W. Whitfield— (see sketch.) 
M. D. Ector, — (see sketch.) 



BIOGRAPHIES. 185 

BIOGRAPHIES. 



Wade — John M. Was born in the city of New York in 1S15, and at 
twenty years of age came to Texas to participate in the revohitionary 
f'truggle about to commence. In the spring of 1836 he joined the Tex-' 
as army and was elected a lieutenant in Captain William Wirts' company. 
At the famous battle of San Jacinto he commanded one of the two guns 
which had been sent out from Cincinnati as hollow ware. He subse- 
quently engaged in the printing business in the oftice of the Houston 
Telegraph, and also at Montgomery and at Huntsville. And he also fol- 
lowed the business of surveying. Since 1876 he has resided in the city 
of Austin, and was one of the commissioners to examine and decide 
upon the claims of veterans for the section of land to which they were 
entitled. He died in Austin, October 9, 1870. 

Robertson — Sterling C. Was a son of Sterling Robertson, the Empre- 
sario. He was born in Tennessee but when young, came with his father 
to Texas. His boyhood was spent in tJie city of San Antonio, where he 
learned the Spanish language. He materially assisted his father in the 
complicated business of the colony'. For many years he was a highly 
respected citizen of Salado, Bell County, where he died in October last. 

Mallon — Professor B. Had been for nearly thirty years connected 
with the educational institutions of the State of Georgia, first as Super- 
intendent of the schools at Savannah, and subsequently, at Atlanta, and 
also in the Normal School connected with Emory College. His charac- 
ter as a high toned christian gentleman, and his experience as an educa- 
tor, and pre-eminent abilities pointed him out as the man to inaugurate 
the system of Normal Schools in Texas. He entered upon his work with 
great promise of success, but died three weeks after the opening of the 
school at Huntsville. 

Whitfeld — J. W., who died at his home in Lavaca county, October 
27, had been very conspicious as a leader of the Southern party in Kan- 
sas, in the early settlement of that State. He was the General who com- 
manded the Southern troops, and he represented the Territory in Con- 
gress. When Kansas became a free State he immigrated to' Texas and 
opened a plantation, which bacame his permanent home. At the break- 
ing out of the civil war General Whitfield raised a legion of soldiers for 
the Confederac}-, which he commanded with distinction. At the close 
of the war he returned to his plantation, and was elected to the conven- 
tion of 1866. The work of that body was rendered nugatory by the 
subsequent> reconstruction acts of Congress. General Whitfield was 
highly respected in the community in wliicli he lived and died. 



186 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

CHRONOLOGY— GENERA L. 



January — 1. Galveston captured by Confederates, 18G3. 

4. Fredonian Battle, at Nacogdoches, 1827. 

7. Anson Jones died, 1868. 

8. Dove Creek fight with I\ickapoos, 1865. 

16. Coke Governor, 1874. 

17. Moses Austin secured his contract, l'S21. 

18. Davis Governor, 1870. 
21. Roberts Governor, 1879. 

28. Railroad communication with St. Louis, 1873. 

February — 1. Texas seceded, 1861. 

10. Fight at Goliad, 1812 Reconstruction Convention, 1866. 

13. LaSalle landed at Pass Cavallo, 1685. 

22. Treaty between U. S. and Mexico, 1819. 

28. Santa Anna demanded surrender of the Alamo, 1836. 

29. Grant and Morris killed on the Agua Dulce, 1836. 

March — 1. Tyler signed annexation bill, 1845. 

2. Battle of Rossillo, 1813. Independence Day, 1836. 

4. Sterling C. Robertson died, 1842. 

6. Fall of the Alamo, 1836. 

7. Vasquis' raid, 1842. 

13. LaSalle died, 1687. Federals evacuated Indianola, 1864. 

16. Houston Deposed ; Clark Governor, 1861. 

17. Battle of Colita, 1836. 

20. Fight in Council House, San Antonio, 1840. 

21. Nolan defeated, 1801. 

24. Mier prisoners decimated at Salado, 1843. 

27. The Fannin massacre at Goliad, 1836. 

30. Texas Congre&vmen admitted to their seats, IS'O. 

Apiil^2. Convention at San Felipe, 1833. 

6. Bustemente's decree against Americans, 1830. 

8. Battle of Pleasant Hill, 1864. ' 

12. Expedition sailed from Galveston for Soto LaMarinn, 1817 

13. LaFitte at Galvcit.in, 1817. 
21. Battle of San Jacinto, 1836. 
27. Snively exi)edition, 1843. 

30. Austin, seat of Government, 1839. 



CHRONOLOGY. 187 

Blay — 3. Armistice with Santa Anna, 1836. 

5. Congress met in Houston, 1837. 

8. Alamo founded, 1744. 

9. Battle of Resaca, 1846. 

19. Parker's Fort massacre, 1836. 

23. Confederate armies in Texas disbanded. 1865. 

25. First mass celebrated in Texas, 1690. 

June — 2. Trans-Mississippi department surrendered, 1865. 

5. Buttle of Alasan, 1813. 

10. Moses Austin died, 1821. 

13. At Turtle Bayou citizens declare for Santa Anna, 1S32. 

17. Long started to Texas, 1819. 

19. Emancipation Day in Texas, 1865. 

20. Santa Fe expedition started, 1841. 

25. Battle of Velasco, 1832. Hamilton Governor, 1865. 

July— 2. Galveston Blockaded, 1.861. 

3. Land office opened at San Felipe, 1824. 

4. Texas Convention passed Annexation ordinance, 1845. 

15. Cherokees expelled. 1839. 

16. Stephen F. Austin entered Texas, 1821. 

17. Council of Safety organized at San Felipe, 1835. 
19. Emancipation day, 1865. 

26. Sam Houston died, 1865. 

30. Throckmorton removed, 1867. 

Au;j;ust — 1. Pease Governor, 1867. 

2. Piedras surrendered at Angelina, 18:12. 

8. Linnville burned by Comanchcs, 184J. 

12. Battle of Plumb Creek, 1840. 

13. 'J'hrockmorton Governor, 1866. 
18. Battle of Medina, 1813. 

September. — 3. First general election in Texas. 1836. 

6. Constitutional Convention, 1875. 

8. linttle of Sabine Pass, 1863. 

10. Wall's raid to San Antonio, 1842. 

11. Herrera took possesion of (i;ilvesto!i, 1816. 
17. Buttle of Salado. 1842. 

30. Pease resigned as Governor, 1S69. 



^ 



188 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

October. — 1. First land surveyed in Austin's colony, 1823. 

2. Skirmish at Gonzales, 1835. 

4. Mexican Federal constitution proclaimed, 1824, 

5. Galveston occupied by Federals, 1862. 
23. Houston and Lamar inaugurated, 1836. 
28. Battle of Concepcion, 1835, 

November. — 5. Murrah Governor. Federals took Brownsville; 

8. General consultation, 1835. 

13. Henry Smith Governor, 18o5. 

15. Zavalla died, 1836. 

20. Bowie's Fight with Indians, 1831, 

24. Mina arrived at Galveston, 1816. 

25. Santa Fe sold, 1850. 

28. San Antonio founded, 1730. 
30. Deaf Smith died, 1837. 

December — 1. Hubbard Governor, 1876. 

5. D. G Burnet died, 1870. 

9. Texans take San Antonio, 1835. A. Jones, Pres., 1843,^ 

13. Sam Houston's second term, 1841. 

19. M. B. Lamar died, 1859. 

25. Battle of Mier, 1842. 

26. Ed. Burleson died, 1851. Santa Anna released. 1836- 

27. S. b. Austin died, 1836. 



TEXAS VETERAN ASSOCIATION. 



Soon after Texas was annexed to the United States, certain land spec- 
ulators laid certificates upon tracts covered by old colonial grants. 
This was done under the pretext that some of the conditions prescribt'<' 
in the laws of Coahuila and Texas had not been complied with. To 
afford mutual protection, in January, 1849, a call was issued, signed by 
about fifty old colonists, for a convention in Houston, to take measures 
necessary for protecting tlieir rights. The legislature having passed a 
bill quieting these old titles, the organization was never perfected. 

At Corsicana, 1872. — An organization of veterans was felt to be nec- 
essary, and a meeting was called at Corsicana, during the Navarro 
county fair, September 25, 1872. George P. Erath was president, and 
J. B. Robertson, secretary. The following veterans were present : 



TEXAS VETERAN ASSOCIATION. 189 

W. C. Weatherford, F. M. Weatherford, Hill county ; J. A. Clayton, 
Navarro ; W. B. Dewees, Columbus ; Isom Paldmer, Brj'an ; J. B, Crane, 
R. R. Crane, G. W. Gones, Maj. G. B. Erath, Waco; C. P. Haley, 
Wm. T. Williams, Kosse ; N. Eubanks, Limestone county ; A. McMil- 
lan, W. P. Zubar, Owensville ; J. H. Collard, Bremond ; H. Owens, 
Robertson county; J. H. Bartlett, Navarro county; Elijah Anderson, 
Eureka; T. Palmer, Jesse Clary, Corsicana; J. B. Robertson, G. W, 
Brooks, Dan Shipman, Brenham; Wm. Simpson, Austin; Lewis dem- 
ons, Brenham ; S. Walker, A. Steel, Springfield ; Dr. J. P. T. Fitzhugh, 
Surgeon in the arm}', 1836, Canton ; David H. Van Vechton, Austin 
county ; G. W. Davis, J. Lancaster, Travis county ; David Pevehouse, 
Wm, McLove, G. W. Shelton, Leo Roarch, Navarro county. 

At the Corsicana meeting it was resolved to hold a more general 
assembly of the veterans during the State fair to be held at Houston the 
ensuing yeai-. 

At Houston, 1873. — During the fair held at Houston, May 13, there 
was a very large number of the Texas veterans present. The different 
railways gave them free transportation, and the city exhibited a gener- 
ous hospitality. On the second day an eloquent address was delivered 
at the amphitheater at the fair grounds, by Hon. Guy M. Bryan, to an 
immense concourse of people. At the permanent organization, F. W, 
Johnson was elected president ; W. J. Russell and Walter P. Lane, vice 
presidents, and Moses Austin Bryan, secretary. In adopting a consti- 
tution, three classes of veterans were recognized. First, those who 
served in the army, navy, or civil department of the government previ- 
ously to the 23d of April, 1836. Of this class the names of 219 were 
published in the proceedings. Second class, those who entered the ser- 
vice after the battle of San Jacinto and before November, 1837. Of 
this class there were 45 reported. Third class, those in the service from 
November, 1847, to annexation, 1846. Of this class 41 were reported. 

First Anniversary, Houston, 1874. — At the first anniversary of the 
association, held at the fair grounds, Houston, May 20, 1874, all the 
officers named above were present. The oration was delivered by Hon. 
Charles DeMorse. An executive committee was appointed, composed 
of the president, vice presidents, secretary, and the following members: 
E. M. Pease, George Hancock, J. B. Robertson, James H. Bell, John 
M. Swisher, and W. P. B. Gaines. 

Another committee was appointed, consisting of one from each Sen- 
atorial district, of which the following gentlemen were members for 
their respective districts: R. O. W. M'Manus, R. R. Goodloe, John 
Blair, John H. Reagan, Walter P. Lane, Callaway Dean, Charles 
DeMorse, S. L. Chambliss, Bailey Callicotc, George W. Wright, M. S. 



190 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

Munson, Robert J. C'alder, E. W. Taylor, George M. Patrick, James 
.Shaw, E. S. C. Robertson, Harvey Mitchell, George B. Erath, John 
Henry Brown, Aaron S. Mangum, J. W. Matthews, Robert Kleburgh, 
John P. Borden, Joel W. Robertson, Amasa Turner, Edward Miles, 
and John S. Ford. 

The constitution was so changed that the veterans were reduced to 
two classes, first, those in the service previously to the organization of 
constitutional government, in the fall of 1836. Of this class 556 
members were reported. The second class included all who served 
during the Republic after October, 1836. Of this class 239 were re- 
ported. 

At this meeting the following deaths were reported : 

Austin, Wm. T-, aged 70; died at Galveston, February, 1874. 
Allen, Clement ; died 1873. 
Amsler, Charles C, aged G6 ; died May, 1874. 
Augustin, Major; died August, 1874, in Polk county. 
Burnet, David G. ; died January, 1972, age 82 3rears, Galveston- 
Burleson, John ; died 1874, age 66 years, Austin. 
Borden, Gail; died January, 1874, age 73, Colorado county. 

Bostick, Sam R. ; died , age , Fa3'ette county. 

Brooks, Thomas D. ; died May 13, 1874, age 70, Hopkins county. 
Box, John; died at Crocl^ett, Houston county, August 2, lis74, 'u\ his 

72d year. 
Conley, Preston ; died 1874, age 72, Cooke county. 

Cole, James; died , age 78, Austin, Travis county, 

Clayton, Joseph A. ; died July, 1873. Rice, Navarro county. 

Calvit, Joseph F-, died May, 1874, age 84, Velasco, Br:i/,oria couuiy. 

Chesher, James ; died 1874. 

Cherr}^, Wilbur; died 1873, (ialveston. 

Duffau, F. T. ; died at Austin. 

Dunlavy, W. T, ; died August, 1873, age , Colorado county. 

Foster, Anthony; died February 8, 1874, Panola county, Mississippi. 

Falvel, Luke A. ; died in Galveston, age 67, native of Ireland. 

Franklin, B. C. ; died December 25, 1873, age 66, Gnlveston. 

Fowler, J. H. ; died December, 1873. 

Fentress, J.ames ; died July, 1872, age 70, Prairie Lea. Caldwell couuiy. 

Hodges, Robert; died 1872, age 67, Fort Bend county. 

Hays, James; died 1873, age 70, Columbia, Brazoria county. 

Ilardewa}', S. G. 

llolman, AV- W. ; died October, 1873, 

Heck, Randle B. ; died 1874, Evergreen, Lee county. 

Heard, AV. J. E. ; died August 8, 1874, at Chai)pell Hill, Washington 

.•ounty, age 73, (Captain of a company at the battle of San Jacinto), 



TEXAS VETRAN ASSOCIATION. 191 

Jones, T?an(lle ; died June, 1873, age 87, Houston. 

Love, AVm. M. ; died May, 1873. 

McNeel, Pleasant, died Dec. 1871, age 74. (iulf Prairie. Brazoria coun- 
ty, Texas. 

McNeel, Pinckney S. ; died Nov,, 1871 ; age 5.s, Cedar Lake, M-M-a- 
gorda county. 

McKiriney, Tliomas F. ; Oct.. 1873, age 72 ; Onion Creek, Travis coun! y. 

Pasclial, Samuel; died June 6, 1874. age 58, Houston. 

Palmer, Isham, age 61 ; died Feb., 1874, Bryan, Brazos county, 

Perr}-, Albert G, ; died Ma}-, 1874, Falls county. 

Rector, Claiborne, 

Roberts, George H. ; died 1874. 

Robbins, John; died June, 1872. 

Sellers, Wm. H. ; died April, 1874, Galveston. 

Sherman, Sidney; died in June, 1873, age 65, City of Galveston, Colo- 
nel of a regiment at San Jacinto. 

Thompson, A. P. ; died at the City of Houston. 

Townsend, William; died August, 1873. 

Tinsley, Isasc T. ; died March, 1874, age 73 ^ears, Columbia, Brazoria 
county. 

Ward, Thomas William ; died in 1872, City of Austin, (lost a leg at the 
storming of San Antonio.) 

The second and third anniversaries were held during the State fair at 
Houston in the years 1875 and 1876 the proceedings of those years have 
never reached us. From private memoranda we supply an imperfect 
list of the deaths. 

In 1875, in February, Darwin M. Stapp of Victoria, David Thomas 
of Dallas. In May, Freeman W. Douglas of Houston, Neil Kobinson 
of Blanco. July, Willard Richardson, of Galveston. August, Dr. L. 
S. Owing of Denison. October, William Menifee of Colorado. Nov- 
em])er, Wm. Ryan of Fort Bend. 

In 1875, in Janu.aiy, David M'Camliss, of Navarro. February, 
Charles Wilcox of Anahuac, Ai'thur Cruwuovcr of Burnet. ]March, Wm. 
L. Cazneau. Ajiril, James N. Fisk of San Antonio. May. John Blain 
of Crockett, Robert Carlisle of Bee County. June, Thomas Barnard, of 
the navy, Galveston. July, Richard Williams of Montgomery county. 
August, Thomas Barfield of Karnes county. SeiUember, John G. 
M'Neill, of Brazoria county, Basil J. Ijains, of C'olorado, Aaron Burle- 
son of Bastrop, Asa Town-<end of Colorado. October, Francisco b'liiz, 
of San Antonio. Decemlter, Kev. IT. Smith of villain County. 



192 TEXAS ALMANAC ATSTD HAND-BOOK. 

The fourth anniversary was held at Bryan, June 24-25, 1879. The 
address was delivered by Stillwell H. Russell, Esq. The following is. 
the list of deaths reported : 

Of the 28 names given 19 are given with the age at death. It will be 
seen that the average is over 74 years, the eldest being Dr. Levi Jones 
of Galveston, who died at 87 : 

Thomas M. Dennis, Karnes county, October 15, 1877 ; Alex. Dunlavy, 
Colorado county, October 27, 1877 ; Josiah Shaw, Colorado county, 

November 1, 1877; Thomas P. Davie, Limestone county, ; M. 

S. Hoffman, Johnson county, ; Richard Hailey, Freestone coun- 
ty, ; George W. Morris, Galveston county, November 13, 1877,. 

aged 62 ; Y. P. Alsbary, Bexar county, November 20, 1877, aged 64 ; 

Winfield Alford, Gonzales county, ; A. J. Hensley, Lee county,. 

November, 28, 1877; William Isbell, Burleson county, December 11, 
1877, aged 70; John F. Pettus, Bee county, January 3, 1878, aged 69; 
Preston Pevyhouse, Milam count}?-, 1878, aged 64 ; Wayman F. 
Wells, Travis county, February 24, 1878, aged 66 ; John T. Tinsley, 
Gonzales county, March 5, 1878, aged 69 ; John Duncan, Matagorda 
county, March 21, 1878, aged 86 ; Wm. Gorham, Fayette county, March 
24, 80 years; Wm. B. Dewees, Colorado county, April 14, 76 years; 
Col. Frank Hardin, Liberty, April 20, 75 years ; James Farmer, Com- 
anche county, June 6 ; Samuel L. Wheeler, Fort Bend county, ; 

A. M. Boles, Milam county, ; Jacob Bennett, Falls county, , 



64 years ; Lipscomb Narvell, Sabine county, , 80 years ; F. M. 

Wethered, Hill county, ; J. D. Giddings, Washington county, June 

25. To these add the names of Thomas J. Pilgrim, Gonzales county^ 
Henry Raguet Nacogdoches county, aged 82 years ; Dr. Levi Jones^ 
Galveston county, 87 years ; Emory Raines, Rains count}'^, 78 years; 
Mrs. William H. Wharton, 80 years ; Mrs. Wm. H, Jack, 80 years ; 
Mrs, W, D, C, Hall, 80 years, Galveston county. 

To the above we add some names of persons who were reported as 
veterans at the time of their decease : in January, 1877. Joseph Sov- 
reign, A. H. Latimer of Red River county ; March, Thomas H. Borden 
of Galveston, Thomixs J. Noakes of Nueces county ; April, Napomecena 
Navarro of San Antonio, Augustus B. Jones of Gonzales ; I\Iay, F. P. 
Girod of San Antonio, Ed. Burleson, Jr. of Hays, A. M. Upshow of Chap- 
l)ell Hill ; June, Thomas Cochran of Austin county ; Jnl^r, Wm. Meyei* 
of Nueces count}!-, A. Turner of Gonzales — Captain of regulars at San 
Jacinto, Wm. Gamble of Corpus Christi ; August, George W. Wright of 
Lamar, Charles Shepherd of Travis county, John G, Todd of Harris — 
formerly of the navy, J. W. E. Wallace of Colorado; in September, 
John Nccly Bryan, founder of the city of Dallas, Joel Minor of Travis. 



TEXAS VETEKAN ASSOCIATION. , 193: 

The fifth anniversary was held in Galveston, June 25, 1879. The 
address was delivered by Thomas M. Jack, Esq. The following deaths 
were reported : 

Thos. W. Marshall, Harris county, July 5, 1878, aged 70 years. 
John W. Herndon, Waller county, July 6, 1878. Randall Heraera,. 
Bexar county. Randall Foster, Fort Bend county, August 18, 1878, 
aged 89 years. John D. Bloodworth, Red River county, August 19, 
1878, aged 68 years. Wm. Henry Daingerfield, Alexandria, Va., Sep- 
tember, 1878. Jas. P. Peacock, Atascosa county, September 5, 1878,. 
aged 62 years. McG. Montgomery, Austin county, September 19, 1878, 
aged 66 years. S. L. Chambliss, Navarro county, September, 1878, 
aged 64 years. Rezin Sinclair, Nacogdoches county, September 30,. 

1878, aged 72 years. Thos. Pratt, Lampasas county, October, 1878,. 
aged 69 years. John McHenry, Jackson county, October 19, 1878, 
aged 80 years. Peter Gallagher, Bexar county, October 30, 1878, aged 
66 years. James Byrne, Victoria count}^, November 1, 1878, aged 77 
years. Horatio Chrisman, Burleson county, November 21, 1878, aged 
81 years. Joseph F. Smith, Refugio county, at Tuspan, Mexico, No- 
vember, 1878, aged 67 jj^ears. Nepomuccena Flores, Bexar county, 
December 2, 1878, aged 67 years. W. H, Magill, Burnet county, De- 
cember 7, 1878, aged 67 years. Friendly Grubbs, Clayton, Ala., De- 
cember, 1878, aged 62 years. Rufus E. Campbell, Austin county, De- 
cember, 1878, aged 67 years. George Hancock, Travis county, January 
6, 1879, aged 70 years, Reuben E. Hornsby, Travis county, January, 

1879, aged 86 years. Nelson Merrill, Williamson county, January 10, 
1879, aged 69 years. Victor E, De Gallion, Bee county, March 18,. 

1879, aged 74 years, Oswin Wilcox, Travis county, April 8, 1879, aged" 
68 years, Isaiah P. Lawson, Red River county, April, 1879 aged 75 
years. 

The fifth anniversary is to be held in the city of San Antonio, in June 

1880. The cities in which these annual meetings are held extend to the- 
venerable men to whom Texas is so much indebted, a cheerful and 
princely hospitality ; and the occasions are looked forward to with great 
interest. The joy of these re-unions is, however, saddened by the reflec 
tion that every year their number is diminishing, and that in another 
decade or two probably the last of the old heroes will have paid the- 
debt of nature. 



1 



194 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND BOOK. 

SOME INTERESTING HISTORICAL OBSERVATIONS. 

BY REV. H. S. THRALL. 



In an address at Corpus Christi, April 21, 1879, some interesting 
historical questions were discussed and illustrated. We copy the 
following: 

The history of Texas is divided into two distinctly marked and well 
defined periods. The first commences with the arrival of European 
adventurers upon our soil, early in the sixteenth century, and includes 
the entire period of Spanish domination in Mexico, to the revolution 
in 182 1, when Mexico became an independent republic. That was as 
truly a heroic period as the one which succeeded it. Its history has 
never been written. The brave, silent, determined men who penetrated 
this wilderness and planted the germs of christian civilization, and 
unfurled the Banner of the Cross, richly deserve a na}ue among the 
heroes of the world. Their ardent devotion to their i"oyal sovereigns 
partook of the nature of a religious sentiment, and their fidelity as 
soldiers of the cross would have stood the test of martyrdom. Let us 
who have entered into their labors, and are reaping the fruits of their 
victories, hold their names in perpetual and grateful remembrance! 
The moss-covered walls of scores of grand old mission churches, will 
for centuries stand as monuments of their heroic enterprise. 

Three events characterized the beginning of the second general period 
of Texas history. 

1. The settlement of the long controversy concerning the ownership 
of the country. By the treaty between John Quincy Adams and the 
Spanish Minister, De Onis, Spain acquired an undisputed right to the 
province. This was February 22d, 18 19. 

2. The revolution in Mexico delivered all Spanish North America 
from the dominion of the king of Spain, antl brought it under republi- 
can institutions. 

3. The policy was inaugurated of opening the country for the occu- 
pancy of Anglo-Americans and other colonists. 

COLONIZATION. 

Tlie pioneer settlers in every part of America have met with perilous 
adventures, and surmounted great obstacles. Savages had to be driven 
off, privations endured and herculean labors performed to bring the 
wilderness into fertile fields. In Texas these difficulties were increased 
by the location of the country remote from otlier American settlements 



HISTORICAL OBSERVATIONS. 195" 

■■ — owned by a people of different language and diffierent religious and 
political institutions. 

The government of Mexico, however, displayed a liberal disposition 
towards the colonists. 

1. In its princely donation of land, giving to each colonist a league 
and labor, which might be still farther augmented by rendering valu- 
able service to the government, or making improvements which enured 
to the benefit of the colony, such as building mills, establishing ferries, 
etc. Mr. Austin asked for only a section of land for each family, but 
the officer, not understanding the meaning of the English word section, 
granted a league. 

2. Although colonists were required to profess the Roman Catholic 
religion, a very broad construction was given to the word catholic, and 
no colonist was refused his land on religious grounds. 

3. Colonists were permitted to introduce their household goods and 
supplies free of duty, and for six years were exempt from taxation. 

4. Freedom of person and a guarantee of the rights of property were 
given to tiie colonist, who, if he chose, could lift his location and 
change his residence at will. Liberal promises were made for the 
establishment of schools and churches, and in every laid out town there 
were blocks for schools and for churches, and every inhabitant had 
access to the timber upon the four leagues of land given to the 
corporation. 

A better class of people than the pioneers of Texas never settled a 
new country. They were brave, hardy, self-reliant, industrious and 
hospitable. A traveler could pass through the length and breadth of 
the province without being charged a bill. When he inquired what he 
must pay for entertainment, the universal response was, "Call again." 
There were very few crimes committed, and law-suits between neigh- 
bors were of rare occurrence. They then had no soldiers for protection, 
and they wanted none. They relied upon their own strong arms to 
keep off the foe. And if the government did do but little for them, it 
let them severely alone. Their enterprise opened new farms and settle- 
ments ; the stocks of horses and cattle multiplied, and the country was 
rapidly filling up with a population prosperous and happy. 

TEXANS DEFENDED, 

It has sometimes been thoughtlessly asserted that the first colonists 
came to Texas with a view of getting possession of the country and 
transferring it to the United States. This is a great mistake. They 
came expecting to be good, loyal and peaceful citizens, obedient tO' 
the goveinment and laws of their adopted country. As Jolm Austirk 



196 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 

said to General Mexia when explaining the circumstances which pro- 
duced the fight at Velasco in 1833, the Texans were farmers and 
■opposed to war, and only resorted to it to preserve their liberties. 

Stephen F. Austin and his compatriots bore true and cordial allegi- 
ance to the Mexican government and to the republican principles 
■enunciated in the constitution of 1824. In 1833 when Arkansas was 
preparing for admission as a state into the American union, Texas 
was preparing for admission into the Mexican confederation. A con- 
vention met at San Felipe, a constitution was formed, and Austin was 
sent as commissioner to Mexico, to secure a separate state government 
for Texas. Those representative men unanimously and heartily declared 
its loyalty to the Mexican republic. 

The same fealty was solemnly and emphatically pi'oclaimed by the 
■general consultation which met at San Felipe in the fall of 1835. 
That body unanimously declared that Texas had "taken up arms in 
defence of the republican institutions of the constitution of 1834." 
At that time the war was one of factions, in which the liberty-loving 
Texans were naturally found in the ranks of the liberals who fought 
against a centralized despotism. It was under the Mexican tri-color 
that the splendid campaign of 1835 was fought. It was under the 
same flag that Fannin organized his forces at Goliad in 1836, and that 
flag waved over the fortress of the Alamo during the siege, and was 
only hauled down when its last defender had perished. The question 
then arises, how came the Texans to change their programme and 
strike for independence? This leads us to a consideration of 

THE CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION. 

At first the Texans allied themselves to the party in Mexico which 
sought to reform the administration and correct abuses. From the 
achievement of the independence of Mexico it had been customary to 
-offer armed resistance to arbitrary acts. Among those of which the 
Texans complained, were — 

1. In 1829 Guerrero, without the authority of law, issued a decree 
abolishing slavery. This affected Texas alone, as that was the only 
province in which slavery existed. 

2. Bustcmcnte, who had become president, issued a decree in 1S30 
prohibiting the introduction of any more American colonists into 
Texas; and Americans were prohibited from engaging in mercantile 
•pursuits. These arbitrary acts exasperated the Texans, but fortunately, 
Austin, then in Congress, had sufficient influence to secure their 
iJTiodification. 

3. The militar}' commanders sent to collect the revenue exercised 



HISTORICAL OBSERVATIONS. 197 

most despotic power. This was especially the case with Bradburn at 
Anahuac, who removed civil officers at will and imprisoned citizens 
without the warrant of law. This roused the people to resistance, and 
brought on the conflicts of 1S32, which terminated in the capture of 
Velasco and Nacogdoches, and the withdrawal of all Mexican soldiers 
from Texas. Santa Anna, who had all his life been a pronounced 
republican, succeeded Bustemente as president, and reproclaimed the 
constitution of 1824. The Texans with great unanimity pronounced 
for the rising republican chief, and Texans rejoiced for the time in the 
hope of permanent peace and the organization of a state government. 

SANTA anna's DESERTION. 

Soon after the elevation of the new president to power he abandoned 
the cause for which he had all his life fought, and formed an alliance 
with the centralist party. It was sometime, however, before the 
Texans became fully convinced of the designs of the president. Austin 
-was then in Mexico, and unwarrantably held as a prisoner. To him 
Santa Anna made warm professions of personal friendship, and held 
out hopes that the wish of the people would be gratified, and a sepa- 
rate state government instituted. Proceeding cautiously, the president 
gradually extended his sway until but one republican chief was in 
authority in Mexico : that was Garcia, governor of Zacatecas. In a 
very severely fought battle in May, 1835, Garcia was completely de- 
feated, and the last opponent of Santa Anna vanquished. The decree 
of October 3, 1835, suspending the functions of the state legislatures, 
completed the revolution and witnessed the establishment of a cen- 
tralized despotism in Mexico. 

campaign of 1835. 

A revolution in Coahuila, the Siamese-twin-sister of Texas, and the 
dispersion of the legislature at Saltillo, left Texas without the sem- 
blance of civil government. As a matter of necessity and for concert 
of action, committees were formed in the different municipalities, while 
that at San Felipe was recognized as having the general direction of 
public affairs. Austin had been released from his long confinement, 
and was now in Texas giving his wise counsels to his colonists. Under 
these circumstances, the arrival of large bodies of Mexican troops 
excited the apprehensions of the Texans. The conduct of the officers, 
who attempted to play the tyrant, as Bradburn had done in 1832, was 
not calculated to allay these fears. Orders were issued for the arrest 
of certain prominent citizens. Instead of obeying these orders, the 
people resolved to resist by force of arms. At Gonzales, under Moore, 
£L volunteer company sent the Mexicans under Castanado, who had 



198 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND BOOK. 

come to remove their cannon, in hot haste back to San Antonio, 
Goliad, with his garrison, was captured by a company under CoHins- 
worth. And the campaign of that year was terminated by one of the 
most brilHant achievements recorded in our history, the capture of the 
strongly fortified city of San Antonio, whose defenders outnumbered 
the assailants, two to . one. • The campaign of 1835 terminated 
as the one three years before had done, with not a single Mexican, 
soldier on Texas soil. 

CAMPAIGN OF 1S36. 

We now enter upon the consideration of that campaign, which was 
terminated by the famous battle of San Jacinto, April 21, 1836. It 
opened most unauspiciously. A wrangle between the provincial 
governor and executive council had nearly dissolved civil government, 
and it was somewhat uncertain to what military chieftain the soldiers- 
would render obedience. 

On the 22d of February, a day celebrated in American history, the 
advance column of the great Mexican army of invasion reached the city 
of San Antonio, when Travis, with about one hundred and fifty men, 
retired to the fortress of the Alamo. After a heroic defence of thirteen 
days, the place was carried by storm and the brave garrison put to the 
sword. 

During the siege of the Alamo, Urrea, with another division of the 
invading army, reached the settlements in the southwest, capturing 
San Patricio on the 3Sth of February, Col. F. W. Johnson, with four 
companions, escaping in the night. The next day Colonels Grant, 
Morris and their company of soldiers were discovered near the Agua 
Dulce creek, and nearly all put to death. The next encounter occurred 
at Mission Refugio, between the Mexicans and a few Texans under 
King and Ward. This was March 14. On the i6th, King and 
forty-one of his men were captured and shot. On the 17th, Fannin 
evacuated Goliad, and late in the day the battle of Coleta was fought. 
March 19, Fannin surrendered, and his men were marched back to 
Goliad and confined in the Old Mission. Ward and the most of his 
men, who had escaped from Refugio, were captured near Victoria and 
taken to Goliad. There, on the 27th of March, by order of Santa 
Anna, the prisoners to the number of 330, were cruelly put to death in 
cold blood. . 

In the mean time the convention had met in Washington ;jne Gov- 
ernment ad interim had been inaugurated, and Sam Houston re- 
appointed commander-in-chief of the Texan forces in the field. On" 
(he 1 2th of March Houston, accomptinied by Adjutant-Hoek4«y, reached 



HISTORICAL OBSERVATIONS. 199 

Gonzales where the few remaining soldiers were encamped. The same 
night came the sad news of the fall of the Alamo. A retrogade 
movement was inevitable, and about midnight the small army, the 
forlorn hope of Texas, commenced its retreat eastward, crossing 
successively the Lavaca, the Navidad, the Colorado and the Brazos 
rivers. 

Never did the old latin proverb, quern deus vult perdere, priusquam 
detfientat^ receive a more forcible illustration than in the case of the 
Mexican despot, Santa Anna. His early successes appear to have 
intoxicated him, and with strange fatuity, leaving most of his troops 
behind, he hastened forward with the advance division into the very 
heart of Texas, placing swollen rivers and impassable swamps between 
himself and his main supporters. Hurrying impetuously forward, as 
if to certain destruction, he crossed the Brazos river at Richmond on 
the same day that Houston crossed the same stream at Groce's ferry. 

While the Texans were encamped on the east side of the Brazos 
river, the ever vigilant Deaf Smith captured a Mexican courier and 
carried him into camp. From dispatches thus obtained, the Texans 
learned that the president-general of Mexico was with the advance 
division of his army, then approaching Lynchburg. 

This news thrilled the Texans with delight. They saw a chance to 
strike the head of that army which, serpent-like, was winding through 
their country. . Their line of march was instantly changed, and they 
turned to face a foe, before whom they had been so reluctantly 
retreating. By forced marches they reached Harrisburg, the late 
capital, in four days. The place was in smouldering ruins, the enemy 
having set fire to it before proceeding down the bayou to New Wash- 
ington. Their sick and baggage were left. While resting for a few 
hours, they were most eloquently addressed by Houston and Rusk — 
pars fratruum nobilel These speeches were answered with shouts 
that made the welkin ring! 

A march in the early morning brought the Texans to a point on 
Buffalo bayou, opposite the mouth of the San Jacinto river, and into 
the immediate neighborhood of their exultant, but doomed foe. Santa 
Anna was greatly surprised when he learned that Houston was so near. 
He had imagined that the Texans would continue their retreat across 
the f'lhine, leaving Texas forever. But he determined to meet the 
.presumptions Houston, and about noon, April 20, the two armies 
encamped in sight of each other. Late in the afternoon a skirmish 
took place without decisive results, but in which the Texans displayed 
their usual heroism. 



200 TEXAS ALMANAC AND HAND-BOOK. 



THE BATTLE 

The ever- memorable morning of April 21, 1836 dawned bright and 
beautiful. It was one of those glorious spring mornings, such as can 
only be found in our delightful climate. 

About nine o'clock, the Mexican camp was enlivened by the arrival 
of five hundred a-dditional troops, under the experienced General Cos, 
the brother-in-law to Santa Anna. All was quiet in the camp of 
Houston ; but he had secretly dispatched Deaf Smith, with a few com- 
panions, to destroy the bridge at Vinces' on Sims' bayou. Both 
armies had crossed that bridge, and it afforded the only chance of re- 
treat to the vanquished. The hours of the day wore slowly by, and 
neither army made any demonstrations for a fight, though a conflict 
was now inevitable. And while these hostile forces stand facing each 
other — reluctant to bring on the action — let us for a moment contem- 
plate their situation. 

The Mexicans outnumbered their antagonists two to one ; they were 
led by the president-general of Mexico ; a commander in many battles 
who had never known defeat. He had under him general officers of 
superior culture and large experience, and their troops were veterans, 
fresh from the victory of Zacatecas. 

On the other hand, there were among the Texans scarcely a half- 
dozen men who had ever been in a general engagement — the organiza- 
tion was far from complete, and the men but poorly provided with 
arms and ammunition. A military martinet, looking at them, would 
have sent the whole troop to the awkward squad. It was true they 
knew little of the manual of arms and were but poorly clad — but in 
their bosoms were as brave hearts as ever throbbed in the breast of free- 
men! They were not fool-hardy! They had counted the cost! The 
bridge for the retreat had been destroyed, and right then and there they 
intended to conquer or die ! They had enlisted under the newly hoisted 
lone star flag, and had determined to keep that flag floating or perish 
beneath its folds! Our present Governor Roberts once remarked that 
the soldiers of San Jacinto never joked about the incidents of that day. 
The work was too serious. Their lives, and the destiny of their 
adopted country, hung trembling on the balances. 

A little after three o'clock in the afternoon, the bugle notes at 
Houston's headquarters sounded the call to arms ! The lines were soon 
formed according to the plan of battle agreed upon. As the order to 
"Charge!" was given, the Ibattle cry, "Remember the Alamo!" 
*' Remember Goliad !" rang along the lines. Sherman's regiment on 
the left was the first to meet and route the foe. Next Burleson's 



HISTORICAL OBSERVATIONS. 201 

regiment, in the center, charged over the breastworks, capturing the 
enemy's cannon; while Hockley, from the twin sisters on the right, 
poured a murderous fire into the Mexican lines. In a few minutes the 
victory was complete ! The day was won ! And Texas was free ! 

I have often gone over that classic ground with men who participated 
in the battle — when each spot was pointed out, whether occupied by 
friend or foe. At a gentle elevation, near a mot of timber, we always 
paused and with uncovered heads reverently stood over the graves of 
the eight heroes who there gave their lives for their country. They 
have no marble monument to mark the spot, or commemorate their 
valorous deeds! Let them have a warm place in the grateful recol- 
lections of the millions of people who enjoy the heritage for which they 
fought, bled and died ! 

''On fame's eternal camping ground, 

Their silent tents are spread, 

And glory marks with solemn round. 

The bivouac of the dead." 

In a numerical point of view, the battle of San Jacinto was compara- 
tively insignificant ; but its results were momentous. It was to Texas 
what Marathon was to Greece ; what the capture of Yorktown was to 
the Americans. It secured our independence. Its immediate effect 
was the establishment of the Republic ; its more remote consequence, 
the annexation of Texas to the American Union ; the war with Mexico ; 
and the transfer of all that vast region from the Rio Grande to the 
Gulf of California, from the Mexican to the American Republic. 




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JAS. CONVERSE, II. B. ANDREWS, 

Superintendent. vieneral Manager. 

C. C. GIBBS, T. W. PEIRCE, Jr., 

Gen. Fr't and Ticket Agent. Ass't Gen. Pass, and Ticket Agt. 

General Offices: HOUSTON, TEXAS. 




ANDREW^ WIGHT COMPANY, 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

M hfkkm, Eps, Mm, ^\i ii talp, 

No. 2300 Broadway, ' ' ST. LOUIS, MO. 



s-^iL^. "3r s2v£i'Tia:, 



(FORMERLY OF .TEXAS.) 



Shirt Manufacturer, 

171 South Clark Street, CHICAGO, ILLS. 

White and Fancy SHIRTS Made to Order and Sent C. O. D. 
J8@'Directions for Self-Measurement Sent on Application. ""^a 

Successors to Hosack 4' Jones, 






No. 715 Main Street, 



DALLAS, TEXAS. 



When you have read this book, send for 

BURKE'S TEXAS ALMANAC, 1880. 

225 pages of information about Texas, with map. Contains some mat- 
ter which no other work docs. Court Calendars, showing day of the 
month on which Courts meet in every County in Texas. List of all Ex- 
press and Money Order Offices in Texas. List of Attorneys. U. S. 
Courts and Officers. List of Newspapers. 

Edited by N. A. Taylor, author of "Coining Empire," &c. 
Frice, poni-paid, 75 Ceni». J. BURKE, Jr., Publisher, 

HOUSTON, TEXAS. 



r$Wt if c^Kv ^m^Mv/ 




i 



f.W. J 




^4tS 




BMLLMS^ WEK^E^ 



Locating Colonies, Stock Ranches and 

Farms on the Public Lands of Texas, 

and getting Patents from the State 

for the Land, has been our 

SPECIALTY for YEARS. 

We are thoroughly acquainted with all the Lands N^orth 

of the 32d parallel, for we go on the ground 

and make the selections. 

One or the other of us is in the field all the time attend- 
ing to business entrusted to us. 

ALSO, WE ARE 

Stale Hp&ts for NGfi-ResibtLaiid Owners 

Render their Lands for Taxes. Pay the Taxes at the 

proper time. Keep them Posted in regard to the 

Prices of Land, and attend to Selling for them. 

Wlien you are in Dallas, come to our office, and we 
will give you the benefit of what we have seen and know 
of Texas, without any charge. 

WILL SHOW YOU COUNTY MAPS ON LARGE SCALE. 

Send for our small map of the State — we send 
it free. 



E. M. POWELL. 



E. L. GAGE, 




_ THE 

With Its Connections, 

OFFERS TO THE IMMIGRANT FA 

CILITIES UNSURPASSED BY 

THOSE of ANY OTHER LINE. 



They are carried on First-Class THROUGH 

TRAINS, in Commodious and 

Comfortable Coaches. 



NO MID NIGHT TRAN SFERS! 

Close Connection Made At All Junction Points. 



1. ^ O JPOXT^I3^ 

Of Bajjage Free Mowel Each Through Passenger, 

The undersigned will, on application, give any particular informa- 
tion desired. Will procure Tickets, attend to checking of Baggage, 
and afford any assistance in his power. 

GEOGRAPHICALLY CORRECT MAPS of Texas and the 
Counties on the line of the Texas and Pacific Railway furnished 
•on application ; also all information as to Time, Connections and 
Rates of Fare. 

Apply to or address : 

R. W. THOMPSON, Jr., 

General Passenger Agent, MARSHALL, TEXAS. 



GRANITE ffiONWARE. 




GRAND GOLD MEDAL, PARIS, 1878. 



THE ONLY SUITABLE WARE 

— :for: — 
KITCHEN AND HOUSEHOLD USE. 

It does not Rust or Break, and Cannot be Destroyed by Fire. 



MANUFACTURED ONLY BY 

ST. LOUIS STAMPING CO., 

ST. LOUIS, MO. 

FOR SALE EVERYWHERE. 



ESTABLISHED IIST 184.1. 



309 and 311 North Fifth Street. 

Double Entry Book- Keeping-^ Penmanships Commercial Corres- 
pondence, CoTHfnercial Calculations, Commercial Law, 
and English Grammar. 

This is one of the most permanently established, thoroughly organized and 
-conveniently arranged Commercial Colleges in the United States. All of the 
recent improvements in the art of teaching and rapid modes of calculating lave 
been adopted. Nothing in the Store, Office and Counting-Room can be more 
real and practical than the work in the actual business Department of this 
Institution. Young men are conducted through the entire details of business 
and thoroughly taught the duties of the Book-Keeper. Hundreds of the best 
practical JBook-Keepers in the city have thus been qualified for their duties by 
spending a portion of the day or evening at School, while the remaining portion 
of their time was devoted to their books at the store. The work at school and 
store being to all intents and purposes the same work. 

For Circulars call at the office, or address 

JONATHAN JONES, 

309 and 311 North Fifth Street, ST. LOUIS, MO. 




Dressed and Undressed Lumber, Shingles, Doors, Sash, Blinds, 

Mouldings, Cornices, &c., &c. 

Planing MiU, Fifth Ward; Office, Travis Street, HOUSTON, TEXAS. 

H. GFtENET, 

Wholesale Grocer | Commission Blerchant 

Importer and Dealer in Foreign JfMerrhandite, If *«ne« and Mjiqtiort. 

Headquarters lor the Celebrated Brands of E. O. Stanard's Eagle Steam Flour, Pratt's Astral aad 

Kadiant Oils, lamp's Beer (in bottles and kegs), Hazard's Kentucky Rifle and Blasting- Pow- 

der, Rosedale Dark Cement, Liverpool Fine and Course Salt. 

wVo Orutntner: Orderi Solicited. SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS. 

eiviployivient!! 

We are prepared to give profitable employment to persons of will, energy and 
ordinary intelligence at any time, and all such will do well to communicate with 
us. We publish a line of Subscription books of such character as enable us to 
meet the tastes of every community, and to suit the capacity of any canvasser. 
It does not require previous experience in the work, as we TEACH QUE AGENTS 
how to sell the work in \\z.x\dL,?i,\\A guarantee success if they follow our directions. 
When followed with judgment and energy an income of $75 to $250 per montk 
can be made. Address : 

N. D. Thompson & Co., Pubs., 

ITos. 520, 522 and 524 Pine Street, ST. LOUIS, MO. 



Tl^e Bools for -^a-En^TTS. 



Five Editions called for in 10 Months. 500 Sold in a 

Single County. Less than one-sixth of the 

State worked. 

HKORE AGENTS WANTED 



A PICTORIAL 

History of Texas, 



¥l(e 5<kdie^t Vi^it^ of I<ui'opeki\ Sdvei\tui'ei'^ 

to S. f). i§^9, 

EMBRACING 

-THE PERIODS OF KISSIONS, COLONIZATION, THE REVOLUTION THE 
REPUBLIC AND THE STATE ; ALSO A TOPOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION 
OF THE COUNTRY ; ITS RIVERS, MOUNTAINS, SOILS, MINERALS, 
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, LIVE STOCK, POPULATION, 
RESOURCES, WEALTH, ETC., TOGETHER WITH ITS 
INDIAN TRIBES AND THEIR WARS, AND 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF ITS 
LEADING HISTORICAL CHAR- 
ACTERS. 

— : ALSO :- 

A LIST OF THE COUNTIES, WITH HISTORICAL AND TOPICAL NOTES, AND 

DESCRIPTIONS OF THE PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS OF THE 

STATE, ASYLUMS, PENITENTIARY, SCHOOLS, 

CHURCHES, RAILROADS, ETC. 

Rev. Homer S. Thrall, A. M. 






DIVISIONS. 

Part I. — A general description of the country, boundaries, area, 
rivers, mountains, minerals, &c. 

Part II. — Texas under Spanish domination — i68S to 1820. 

Part III. — Texas under Mexican domination — 1820 to 1834. 

Part IV. — The Revolution — 1834 to 1837. 

Part V. — Texas as a Republic — 1837 to 1845. 

Part VI. — Texas as a State of the American Union. 

Part VII. — The Texas Indians and their tribes. 

Part VIII. — Biography, giving sketches of the lives of over 200 
men who have been distinguished in Texas history, arranged in alpha- 
betical order. 

Part IX. — Historical sketches of all the counties, alphabetically 
arranged, with descriptive notes, statistics, etc. 

Part X. — Miscellaneous items, statistics, etc., concerning agri- 
cultural products, improvements, churches, schools, population, asy- 
lums, public buildings, railroads, wealth, taxes, etc. 



A FEW CRITICAL OPINIONS. 

"It treats events in such a succinct way as to leave no room for 
improvement in that direction. The book should Jind a place in every 
family of the State." — Galveston News. 

"As to dates, figures and facts, both personal and general it may 
be considered the most reliable yet published. It is in brief a true 
picture., drawn by a competent hand., of Texas — its soil, its climate, 
its people and their institutions ; its resources, its capabilities for sus- 
taining a dense population." — Texas Presbyterian. 

"It is well written, compact, solid and valuable as statement, and 
there is nothing slip-shod or catch-penny abozct the book." — St. Louis 
Republican. 

"Five hundred copies of the work have been sold in Travis 
County, and the work becomes each day more popular." — Daily 
(Austin) Statesman. 

"It stands without a rival or competitor." — Burnet Bulletin. 

"It is the most exhaustive general and statistical history of Texas 
ever written." — Texas Observer. 



"Mr. Thrall has devoted more time to Texas history than any 
man in or out of the State. His book should be in the hands of every- 
one desirous of being thoroughly posted on the history of this great 
and growing commonwealth." — -Sau A?iionio Herald. 

"We regard it as far superior to any history heretofore written 
of the State. It is bound to have a large sale both in and out of 
Texas." — Z>a//y (Austin) State Gazette. 

"We commend the book as being surprisingly comprehensive and 
exhaustive in detail ; in fact, it is the finest model of a State history 
•we ever saw." — Gatesville Sun. 

"The work is a credit to both the author and publishers, and 
should find a place in the library of every citizen of Texas." — Henri- 
etta yournal., 

"Five hundred copies have been sold in this County, and nearly 
as many in every County in the State that has been canvassed. It is a 
work that should be in the house of evey family in Texas." — Sunday 
Leader. 

ILLUSTRATIONS. — -The illustrations and maps in this book are a 
decided feature., being mostly full page, lOO in number, splendid 
designs, elegantly engraved, and printed on superior paper in the 
choicest manner. It is believed to be the finest volume in point of 
illustrations yet issued at such a price. 

DESCRIPTION AND PRICES. 

The Pictorial History of Texas is published in one elegant octavo 
volume., of 86 1 pages, printed from large., clear., new type, on fine 
tinted paper., bound in the most substantial and elegant manner, and 
is furnished to subscribers at the following prices: 

Bound in Estra English Cloth, beveled l)oards, ink and gold side and hack, $175 
Bound in Leather, Library style, marbled edges, 5.50 

iSig^ACENTS WANTED. 

The book is sold exclusively through canvassing agents. In no case 
will it be sold in book-stores. Active, energetic agents, of good cliar- 
acter and address, who will canvass closely, will be given special I v 
liberal rates, and absolute control of territory, for which commission 
will be sent on application for outfit. Address for terms, 

N. D. THOMPSON & CO., Publishers, 

Nos. 520, 522 and 524 PINE STREET, 

ST. LOUIS, MO. 



The Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railway has made one more of its 
many great enterprising moves in the inteiest of Texas travel and the 
great Southwest, for which it is noted. They now run two daily trains 
to Texas — one train more than any other route — and twelve hours 
quicker time, with new Pullman Palace Sleeping Cars through to 
Houston, Texas. 

By these two new trains they give passengers a daylight ride through 
the beautiful Indian Territory, and down through the fairest portion 
of Middle Texas, making this route the most pleasant, and quickest 
and safest, and with no changes. When you come to Texas, remem- 
ber the great M., K. & T. Ry., and remember that a railway which 
has the enterprise and pluck which it displays, will fulfill to a letter 
every obligation and promise made, and give you every comfort 
and accommodation necessary to make the trip pleasant and 
profitable. — Texas Sun. 

MEN OF^ THE NORTH! 

If you are looking for a new home, then go to Northern Texas before 
you settle. It is a wonderful country. Northern and Western men 
prefer this portion of the State above any other, for the reasons of a 
more congenial climate, health, and the land more suitable to their 
wishes • besides, it will not cost you so much to move to Northern 
Texas, as freight and passenger rates are cheaper than to other por- 
tions of the State, and you can go to Northern Texas and select a 
home, before moving, for almost nothing. The Missouri, Kansas and 
Texas Railway will sell you an emigrant excursion ticket, good for 
forty days, for $27 from Hannibal to DtMiison, and return, or for $28 
from St. Louis to Denison, and return. If you enter Texas at Deni- 
son you cannot but be satisfied with Texas, is why we advise you to buy 
tickets reading over the great M., K. and T. Ry. 

How TO Come to Texas. 

We are constantly receiving inquiries as to the best route to Texas. 
Parties from the North or Northwest, and those from the Northeast, 
desiring to come by the way of Chicago, Hannibal or St. Louis, should 
take the M., K. & T. Railway to Denison, where this road connects 
with the Texas Central Railroad for all parts of the State. The M., 
K. & T. is one of the best managed roads in the country, and passes 
through a beautiful and fertile xa^xon.- Texas Iron Age, of Austin, Tex. 

For further information concerning Texas and the Indian Territory, 
and a beautiful illustrated book and newspaper, which will be sent you 
FREE OF CHARGE, address 

JAS. D; BROWN, 

Texas and Kansas Emigrajit Agents 

St. Louis, Mo. 




The People's 

ILLUSTRATED jlL 

TEXAS HAND-BOOK 

:AND: 

IMMIGRANTS' GUIDE, 
For 1880, 

BEING AN INDEX TO TEXAS, HER PEOPLE, LAW^, STATE AND LOCAL 

GOVERNMENTS, SCHOOLS, CHURCHES, RAILROADS, AND OTHER 

• IMPROVEMENTS AND INSTITUTIONS ; HER GEOGRAPHY AND 

IMMENSE EXTENT AS COMPARED WITH OTHER STATES ; 

HER CLIMATE, RES«^URCES AND WONDEUrUL 

CAPABILITIES ; BIOGRAPHIES OF EMINENT 

CITIZENS ; STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURAL* 

AND MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS, 

OF ELECTIONS, STATE AND 

NATIONAL. 

—WITH— 

dl:\t^oi]ologi(5kl fii^toi^y of ll^e ^tkte fot^ 18^9. 

t -THE WHOLE- 
CONSTITUTING AN INDISPENSABLE HAND-BOOK FOR TKXANS AND 
THOSE WISHING INFORMATION CONCERNING THK STATE. 
• «•••• . 

BY REV. HOMER S. ^HRALL, A. M. 

AUTHOR OF 

*'A Piitorial History of Texas,'''' ''School History of Ti.xns.'' '* Autials of 
Texas,''' '' History of Methodism in Texas,'''' dc. cCc. 

St. Louis, Mo.: ?* 1 9001 

. N. D. THOMPSON & CO., PunLfnE^^s. 
520, 522 and 524 Pine Street. 



DR. BARTER'S 

PeverandHgueSpecific 

Is an infallible remedy for the permanent cure of all kinds of 
Ague, Chills and Fever, Intermittent, Remittent, 
Bilious, Winter, Continued Congested, Break 
Bone, Yellow and Lung- Fevers, making * 

Safe, Certain @ Permanent Cure 

Of all kinds of Ague, Intermittent Fevers, and Periodic 

Diseases. It has no equal in the world.' VVairanted to 

cure in every case. Price only 75 Cents. 



DR. HARTER'S LIVER PILLS 

Combine the two essential qualities of a Supsrior Pamilv PilL they act 

as a mild and efficient purge, and at the same time are the 

best Liver Pills ever offered to the public. 

These pills are as innocent as bread, yet all powerful as the remover 

of sickness. May be taken at any time, day or night, 

v/ithout alteration in diet or fear of cold. 



DR. BARTERS' IRON TONIC 

Strengthens the Stomach, sharpens the appetite, tones and regulates 
the bowels, and gives steadiness and vigor to the nerves. It is a 
mild stimulant to the brain, with especial action on the Kidneys, 
Bladder and Organs of Generation, both in male and feinale ; it 
purifies, enriches, gives color and tone to the blood, and in- 
creases the quantity, as well as improves the quality, 

GIVING VIGOR, VITALITY, ENERGY, POWER aM LIFE ITSELF. 

For Sale by all Druggists and General Dealers. 

OFFICE AND LABORATORY: 

No. ai3 N. Main St., ST. LOUIS, MO. 



^RP' 



fnl)^ 






21 YEARS OF UNDIMINISHED FAVOR. 



THE 



oneStomacliBittefs 

THE BEST CURE FOR 

Chills, Fever and Dyspepsia. 



THE CELEBRATED 



HOME SANATIVE CORDIAL, 

Ths Sest Elmr of Calisaja ani Iron Extant. 

Purifies tlie Biood, Prevents and Corrects tlie Maiariai Poison, Curing 
Nervous and Biiiary Disorders, Loss of Sleep and of Appetite. 



PREPARED BY THE 

ST. LOUIS, MO. 

For sale by all reputable Druggists I General Dealers. 




IRON 
d TONIC 



^- Is a Preparation of IRON and CALISAYA BARK, In combination witli tlie Phospliates, 
Endorsed by the Meulv^ol rrofession, and recommended bv them for l>vspepsia, General DeWlitr. 
female Diseases, Want of VitaUty, Ac, &c. ' 

Manufactured by the Dr. Harter Medicine Co., No. 213 N. Main Street, St. Louis. 

Tlie following is one of the very many testimoni.ils we are receiving daily : 
Gentlemen- — Some three months ago I began the use of Dr. Harter's Irov 
Tonic, upon the advice of many friends who knew its virtues. I was suffering 
from general debility to such an extent that my labor was exceedingly burden- 
some to me. A vacation of a month did not give me much relief, but on the 
contrary, was followed by increased prostration and sinking chills. At this time 
I began the use of your Iron Tontc, from which I realized almost immediate and 
wonderful results. The old energy returned and I found that my natural 
force was not permanentl}' abated. I have used three bottles of the Tonic. 
Since using it I have done twice the labor that I ever did in the same time during 
my illruess, and with double the ease. With the tranquil nervd and vigor of body 
has come also a clearness of thought never before enjoyed. If the Tonic has 
not done the work, I know not what. I give it the credit. 

Most gratefully yours, 

Troy, O., Jan. 2, 1878. J. P. Watson, Pastor Christian Church, Troy, O. 

Is an infallible remedy for the permanent cure of all kinds ot Ague, Chills and 
Fever, Intermittent, Remittent, Billious, Winter, Continued, Congested, Break- 
bone, Yellow and Lung Fevers. Making 

SAFE, CERTAIN AND PERMANENT CURE 

Of all kinds of Ague, fntermittent Fevers, and periodic diseases, it has no equal 
in the world. 

Dk. Harter's Fever and AgOe Specific is perfectly harmless. Can be 
given to the youngest babe as well as the oldest person with perfect safety. 
Every package warranted to cure. Price, onlyx^jj.cents. 



FOR SALE BY DRUGGISTS EV 



WHERE. 



C. C VVIGGIN. 




SON. 



«WICCIN Sl SIMPSON, 

PHOENIX IRON WORKS, 

Fli/iSTOJV STIUiET, llOUSTOJ^', TEXjIS. 

Engineers, Founders atul Machinists. Manufacturers of Enj^incs, 
Boilers, Sugar Mills, Saw Mills, aiul .Steam Cotton Press'es. 

Prices gix'cn on Application. J-^rompi Attention given to Repairing. 



